Bulgakov Sergey Nikolaevich, muzivi Russian, webhaibheri, mupristi wechechi yeOrthodox: Biography

Russian muzivi uye mudzidzi webhaibheri, Sergei Bulgakov - vanhu tsamwa zvichaguma. Aikwanisa kuenda kubudikidza mubvunzo uye kuwana kwavo nzira kuna Mwari, vakati akasika dzidziso kwake Sophia, akakwanisa kukunda kusavimba shamwari uye Ecclesiastical kusatendera uye kurarama maererano nehana uye nokutenda.

Uduku uye Family

Bulgakov akaberekwa Sergey N. 16 (28) July 1871 muna Livny, mune mupristi mhuri yakakura, kuti abbot imwe chechi duku panguva kumakuva. Baba Sergei kudzidzisa vana (uye imomo akanga nomwe) iri tsika Orthodox. Mhuri dzose minamato yechechi, vana vakateerera, uye gare gare verenga magwaro pachavo. Sergey kuonga vakarangarira ake pauduku, paakauya neZvapupu nokunaka Russian hunhu, kunotsigirwa yakatarwa ukuru yokunamata. Panguva ino akanga akambosanganawo rinopindirana pamwe naMwari. Akarerwa somuKristu muenzaniso wakanaka, mumakore ake okutanga akatenda zvechokwadi Mwari.

makore kudzidza

Mumakore 12, Bulgakov Sergey vakatanga kudzidza pachikoro yebhaibheri, akanga panguva ino, mumashoko ake, "akavimbika mwanakomana Church." Ndapedza chikoro, akapinda pachikoro nomutauro wake muguta Livny. Panguva ino akanga Akanyatsofunga kufunga sei kubatanidza upenyu hwake kushumira Mwari. Makore mana gare gare, kosi kukoreji, Bulgakov anopinda upristi Orel. Pano akadzidza kwemakore matatu, asi panguva ino pane kuchinja yake maonero, ari kusangana yakadzika yechitendero dambudziko, izvo iye dooms kuti kushamisika muna Mwari. Asisatendi muChechi yeOrthodox, muna 1987, Bulgakov pakoreji uye ipapo mamwe maviri makore zvidzidzo girama chikoro dzenhoroondo mu Yelets. Gare gare, akapinda Moscow State University, rorusununguko Mutemo. Muna 1894 iye vakabudirira kukunda muedzo wokupedzisira uye akagamuchira dhigirii tenzi pamwe mirayiridzo yakarurama.

mangwanani maonero

Nechekare rokutanga gore seminari Bulgakov Sergey kusangana zvakakomba nechokwadi zviri postulates dzechitendero uye vapone kwakadzama dambudziko kutenda anomhanyira iye kwete chete kuti vatarisire kubva pachikoro, asi kuti pedyo yakakurumbira zvikuru panguva ino nguva Marxists. Anoshanda nesimba munyika itsva iri mirayiridzo uzivi pachavo uye nokukurumidza akava kutungamirira theoretician pamusoro Marxism muRussia. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza anoona kuti kukundikana dzidziso uye yakavepo vakananga idealism. Muna 1902, iye kunyange akanyora imwe nyaya yaiva nomusoro unoti "Kubva Marxism kuna Idealism," rinotsanangura kuchinja maonero ake.

ndachinja maonero ake zvinoenderana mweya iyoyo, Russian intelligentsia kuti nguva yakanga dzinoratidzwa simba idealism German uye zvadaro rezvitendero. Kujairirana Bebel uye Kautsky, zvakanyorwa Vladimir Soloviev uye NdiTolstoy anotungamirira iye kunzvera mumunda enyika vechiKristu kugadzirisa nyaya zvakanaka uye zvakaipa. Kwenguva yakati, Bulgakov anofarira cosmism, pashure Nikolaem Fedorovym. tsvakurudzo iyi, iyo yaakasarudza se "chiKristu pasocial" chose kufanira kupinda Kushanduka Russian pfungwa kwouzivi kwenguva.

Zvishoma nezvishoma pfungwa Bulgakov dzinokura uye nezvimiro, nzira yake mukutsvaga kwouzivi rinoburitsa zvakakwana basa rake guru rokutanga - bhuku "Chiedza isingasvavi".

Educational basa

Apedza, Sergei Bulgakov (Biography hwakabatana kwete chete nouzivi asiwo nedzidziso) iri dhipatimendi kuti vanyore ake doctorate dissertation, naiyewo akatanga kudzidzisa enyika upfumi panguva Imperial Technical School muMoscow. Muna 1898, University anotumira kuti makore maviri ari kuongorora rwendo kuenda Germany. Muna 1901 iye akadzivirira chinyorwa chake uye akapiwa chinzvimbo purofesa dhipatimendi enyika upfumi of Kiev Polytechnic Institute. Muna 1906 akava purofesa panguva Moscow Commercial Institute. nehurukuro Bulgakov anoratidza nzira yake mukutsvaga, vazhinji vavo achava rakabudiswa somunhu kwouzivi uye socio-ezvoupfumi mabasa. Gare gare iye aishanda ari purofesa enyika zvoupfumi uye Tauride University purofesa wezvechitendero uye seakafuridzirwa mutemo uye dzidziso muPrague.

Zviitiko kutandadzana

Mushure asapinda Marxists muna 1903. Bulgakov Sergey vaiita zvisiri pamutemo dzakavamba Congress of Union Liberation, ane nhengo dzaiva Berdyaev, Vladimir Vernadsky, VI Graves. Sechikamu mabasa Union Bulgakov kuparadzira nyika maonero, sezvo mupepeti wemagazini "New Way". Muna 1906, muzivi anoshingairira mu pakusikwa Union enyika echiKristu, umo kuitika mutevedzeri wechipiri State Duma muna 1907. Nokukurumidza Zvisinei, maonero antimonarchist kurega kuva pedyo naye, uye anoenda nokune rumwe rutivi. Kubvira ipapo, iye asisiri kuedza kuita munzanga kufamba uye rinonyanya kwayakaita pamusoro yokunyorwa kwouzivi uye journalistic mabasa.

dzechitendero uzivi

Muna 1910, Sergei Bulgakov, ane uzivi anouya pfungwa huru yaro kukura, akasangana Pavlom Florenskim. Ushamwari pakati nevafungi maviri hunakidze Russian pfungwa yacho. Munguva iyi Bulgakov pakupedzisira kudzoka pachipfuva vezvitendero, uzivi Christian. Aimubata muchechi-hunobatsira chinotaurwa. Muna 1917 bhuku rake rinonzi-Danho "pamwe isingasvavi Chiedza, ari" uyewo gore rino Sergey anotora chikamu mune All-Russian Local Council, iyo anodzoreredza patriarchate munyika.

Muzivi panguva iyoyo yakawanda achifunga nzira kukura nokuda nyika uye vakadzidza. Akawana chimurenga sezvo nezvorufu zvose zvakanga akakosha kwaari muupenyu. Bulgakov aidavira kuti iyi yakaoma nguva pamapfudzi vapristi vane chinokosha basa rokuponesa vanhu uye zvokunamata. Hondo zvakasimbisa pfungwa kuFrance uye akasunda Sergei Nikolaevich zvisarudzo zvinokosha muupenyu.

mupristi Way

Muna 1918, Bulgakov akagadzwa kuva mupristi. Kuzvitsaurira paruchaitika June 11 panguva Danilovsky wemamonk. Baba Segiyo takabatana Patriarch Tikhon uye zvishoma nezvishoma anotanga kuridza nokururamisira zvinokosha mukuzadzika Russian Church, asi hwachinja hondo. Muna 1919 akaenda Crimea kuti atore mhuri yake, asi kudzokera Moscow angadai haichagona vachashayiwawo. Panguva iyi, Bolsheviks Bulgakov haabatanidzi kubva padzidziso mudonzvo Moscow Commercial Institute. In Simferopol, iye anoshanda kuyunivhesiti uye akaramba kunyora mabasa kwouzivi. Asi akasvika hurumende yeSoviet nokukurumidza anomutorera mukana uyu.

kuenda kumwe

Muna 1922, Sergei Bulgakov, ane mabhuku havana kugamuchirwa itsva, zviremera Soviet, akatumirwa kuConstantinople nemhuri yake. Akapiwa siginicha pamusoro gwaro raiti akatumwa kubva RSFSR zvachose uye kana kudzoka zvichabviswa aurayiwe. From Constantinople Bulgakov vakatamira kuPrague.

Sergey haasati vakatsvaka kusiya nyika yavo, yakanga akakosha kwazvo kwaari. All ake upenyu akataura kuzvikudza pamusoro Russian mavambo ake uye chinoshingaira mutsigiri Russian tsika, kumanikidzwa kuvapo kunze. Akarota nokusingaperi kunoona Russia, asi hazvina kuva. Kumba waiva mwanakomana Bulgakovyh Fedor, uyo chavaisazombofa vaona.

Prague kumwedzi

Muna 1922, Bulgakov Sergey anouya Prague, apo akatanga kushanda Russian Institute of rorusununguko Mutemo. Panguva iyoyo, Prague akanzi "Russian Oxford" pano pashure pokuchinja waisanganisira vamiririri vechitendero uzivi Lossky, G. Vernadsky, Struve, P. Novgorodtsev akadaro. Papera makore maviri, Bulgakov akadzidzisa dzidziso pano. Uyezve, akaita basa mukereke Prague mudzidzi, muna mumwe Suburban parishes.

Bulgakov akagara akatanga hostel rinonzi "Svobodarna", iro vakauya pamwe kwakajeka chikwata remasayendisiti Russian nevafungi. Baba Segiyo aiva muvambi wechikoro magazini "The nyika mudzidzi, pakunamata" izvo dzakabudiswa nyaya dzinonakidza zvouMwari kugutsikana. Akavawo mumwe chikuru varongi ari "Russian Student Movement Christian", ane nhengo dziri kutungamirira Russian emigre nevafungi uye masayendisiti.

Paris kumwedzi

Muna 1925, Baba Segiyo nemhuri yake vakatamira Paris, apo, pamwe rake rinoita Kupinda, akazarura wokutanga Orthodox Theological Institute, Dean purofesa iyo anova. Kubvira muna 1925, iye anoita yakawanda yenzendo, akafamba anenge dzose Europe uye North America. Paris kumwedzi uyewo akasiyana nyanyisa youzivi oparesheni Bulgakov. Mukurumbira kupfuura mabasa ake iyi vari: trilogy "Gwayana raMwari", "Mwenga weGwayana," "Munyaradzi", bhuku "Kupisa Bush". Sezvo wedhipatimendi St. Segiyo Bulgakov, Sergei anosika chaiyo pakunamata muzinda Russian tsika yacho kuParis. It anoronga basa pakuvaka zvakaoma, inonzi "Sergey House." Kwemakore 20 somutungamiriri pane anooneka taundi duku nezvivakwa uye machechi. Baba Segiyo vakamboshanda nevechiduku, kuva akakurumbira mudzidzisi uye chipangamazano vadzidzi.

nemiedzo Large akatsungirira nokuda Bulgakov muna Second World War, aiva panguva iyoyo kare kurwara chaizvo, asi kunyange izvi zvinhu hazvina kumisa basa rake rokusika zvechitendero-youzivi mabasa. Ndiye kunetseka chaizvo pamusoro zvichaitirwa yokumusha kwavo uye muEurope.

Sophiology Bulgakov

Pfungwa kwouzivi pamusoro Bulgakov ari zvakabatana chaizvo nepfungwa. The pfungwa huru - Sophia Uchenjeri hwaMwari - haana itsva dzechitendero pfungwa, hazvina achishingaira yakatanga Soloviev, asi Baba Segiyo akava yakadzika yomukati ruzivo, chizaruro. Zvinyorwa Religious-kwouzivi Bulgakov vasina kuvimbika uye kusachinja-chinja, asi, zvinonzi vakareurura mumabhuku avo, anoudza pamusoro wake rakavanzika ruzivo. Main yokuti dzidziso yake yomudzimu, Sophia Uchenjeri hwaMwari, zvinonzwisiswa munzira dzakasiyana: kubva pachake romukadzi ndicho uchenjeri pakuvambwa kwenyika kusvikira huru inobatanidza simba zvinhu, uye kunaka. Dzidziso Bulgakov akatongerwa neChechi yeOrthodox, haana mhosva pedzidziso, asi akataura zvikanganiso uye miscalculations. Fungidziro haana akawana kwakakwana mhando uye akaramba ari zvakanaka siyana zvichiratidza.

upenyu Personal

Bulgakov Sergey Nikolaevich akararama mupfumi upenyu zviitiko. Kare muna 1898, akaroora mwanasikana muridzi Elene Ivanovne Tokmakovoy, izvo akamutora zvose nemiedzo youpenyu, uye paiva nevazhinji. Vaviri aiva nevana vanomwe, asi chete vaviri vakapona. Kufa matatu Ivasheka vakava yakadzika, zvaimushungurudza ruzivo pamusoro Bulgakov, iye yaisunda anofunga kuti kufungisisa uchenjeri hwenyika. Muna 1939, mupristi ndawana kenza huro, akavhiyiwa kuvhiyiwa pamusoro pahuro zvinokonzera ake, asi ndakadzidza kuburikidza chaizvo kuedza kutaura pashure paizvozvo. Zvisinei, muna 1944 iye sitiroko, izvo zvakaita kuti rufu 13 July 1944.