Brand kuti peturu kuti mota

Peturu - kushanda Hauoneki mvura ine maitiro kwakanaka, inova kunzwisisa kuwadzana yeHydrocarbon ngetani kuti vakasiyana maumbirwo yavo. Kubva ngetani izvi, inonzi nezvikamu zvaanoda mafuta unhu: Kubika pfungwa uye oma pfungwa, volatility nezvimwe zvivako.

peturu kugadzirwa

Peturu chibereko mafuta yokucheneswa. The octane nhamba, uyewo utsanana, anosarudza kuti zvizivikanwe kuti peturu. The chikuru nzira kubudisa kwakadai huni - iri zvokuvandudza, cracking walnut uye yakananga sublimation.

Peturu zvinogonawo kugadzirirwa kubva dzinongoitika uye aishamwaridzana magasi, marasha uye shale. Rinoshandiswa kwete chete sezvo mafuta asi uyewo solvent, uye wash inofashaira, mbishi zvinhu zviri petrochemical indasitiri.

Pasinei munhu asi kunosanganisira mafomu, vanopfuura 90% kuti peturu wenyika rinoshandiswa sezvo huni pezviri combustion injini. Pane mhando mbiri chikuru peturu: avhiyesheni uye motokari.

Brand peturu zvinosiyana zvichienderana padanho uhwu: dzakanga ndiko, matambudziko muduku pamwe nokushanda uye dzigadziridzwe motokari.

The chikuru muitiro hwokubereka peturu - Cracking chichiitwa, inova yechipiri nokunatswa peturu. Panguva cracking walnut inorema Mahydrocarbon dzaputswa, kuwedzera Vhoriyamu rapera mvura pedyo 60%. Thermal Cracking rinoitwa panguva tembiricha dzinopfuura 500 ^{° C,} saka ndivo zvizivikanwe kuti peturu ane octane Rating 70.

Nhasi, huni avhiyesheni uye motokari midziyo anobudiswa painocheneserwa vakapakata zvoga michina. The mafuta kuuya rakasangana navo, akadzivirira uye akaramba ari chaiwo matangi. Zvinonzi ipapo pasi kugeza, kupera muviri uye DISTILLATION. Somugumisiro nayo twasu-mhanya peturu, dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira namakemikari hachichinji. Mvura vari kucheneswa, sarufa rinobviswa sezvamunoita wavo, anowedzera octane unongotaura.

Kushandiswa twasu-mhanya peturu vokutanga vakabvumira kuwedzera injini simba uye zvinhu, asi zvavakawana akanga pfupi: mafuta muvhenganiswa iri raputika ari combustion mukamuri kana neshungu nokuda compression. Detonation of goho kuva chikonzero motokari kukundikana. The dambudziko iri kushandiswa dzinokosha zvinhu - Anti-akagogodza. Inonyatsobudirira wavo tetraethyl kutungamirira. Somugumisiro, kuramba detonation kuti peturu vakatanga kungoonekwa octane, uye izvo vakagamuchira muchiso zita. Zvikaonekwa nenzira dzakawanda - kutsvakurudza, injini uye tembiricha.

Zvinodiwa Kuti rakanaka peturu

Sezvo ndege uye motokari inofanira kusvitsa zvimwe zvinodiwa anosimbisa vakokwa kuti nechokwadi dzakakwirira unongotaura. Pakati izvi zvinodiwa ndivo shanu zvihombe:

1. Fractional sezvamunoita.
2. Kutsiga makemikari anoumba.
3. Volatility.
4. Kupikiswa detonation.
5. Muitiro paumbwe chin'ai.

fractional sezvamunoita

Fractional sezvamunoita rine migumisiro iri gwenya functionality, dzinoratidzwa ehupfumi akawanda. Wokutanga izvi - the ambient tembiricha. Zvinokanganisawo chikamu chiedza miromo. The repasi iri, ndipo chete zvikamu zviduku inofanira huri mafuta. In iyiwo yakawanda kungaita kuti utsi zvechizarira.

Wechipiri newechitatu - nguva yakawandisa up injini, uye mwero kusakara ose sepombi uye pistons. The ambient tembiricha anewo chinokosha rokubaya parameters izvi, saka fractional nziyo anosiyana yechando uye muzhizha mamakisi kuti peturu. Murombo peturu volatility kunogona kukonzera ingress muimba combustion yepamusoro uye crankcase mvura chakapatsanurwa aro inotungamirira dilution nemafuta injini uye injini kukundikana.

Chemical kugadzikana

It dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana mwero oxidation peturu zvinoriumba, uye zvingaita kuti kuonekwa pamusoro plugs, mavharuvhu nezvimwe injini muzvikamu chin'ai. Chemical kugadzikana peturu - kukwanisa kwayo kuramba ehupfumi ayo, zvisinei kwezvakatipoteredza.

evaporability

Rinotsanangura peturu kukwanisa kuyambuka kubva mvura kusvika gaseous nehurumende uye hwakakanyiwa mhepo kuumba combustible musanganiswa. Volatility kunokanganisa ratanga injini, zvichienderana fractional Zvinoumba peturu.

detonation ehupfumi

Mano peturu kwete vesa kana compressed. Chiitiko pamusoro detonation - hazvifadze mururame, nokuti kunogona kutungamirira overheating pamusoro injini uye vanoipwanya. parameter ichi hakubvi chete pamusoro mafuta nziyo, asiwo injini magadzirirwo.

uchisvibisa

Present ari nebwe Zvinoumba peturu kuva chikonzero uchisvibisa. Kakawanda zviri rakachengetedzwa pamusoro carburetor, iyo inotungamira vawedzere mafuta kuparadzwa, akaderedza simba nezvimwe zvinetso. Kudzivirira panowanikwa deposits zvinogona kuitwa nokuwedzera chaiwo yokuvirisa.

gasorini

Chinotsva segwapa zvichienderana octane nhamba: dzakanga ndiko kunokonzera kuramba detonation peturu, ukuwo, inogona kushandawo kune vamwe pane yakakwirira compression nhamba chinotsva musanganiswa injini. Somuenzaniso:

• Peturu A-76 - Motor octane nhamba, nzira isina asingasviki 76.
• Peturu 80 - octane Rating vanenge 80.
• Peturu 92 - octane Nhamba zvinenge 92.
• Peturu AI-95 - octane ukuwo, kwete asingasviki 95.

Motor peturu Kunoonekwa pamwe tsamba "A" ndege - tsamba "B", nhamba dziri azvaitwa nhamba indekisi kwayo kana octane. Kana, kuti indekisi pamberi ndiyo tsamba "Ini", zvinoreva kuti kutsvakurudza octane nhamba akayera nzira. Pasina tsamba rinoti nezvenzvimbo motokari nzira.

Practical kushandiswa peturu kunobva dzinokosha ehupfumi - kuramba detonation. The octane nhamba anoratidza pfungwa iyi motokari peturu. Aviation mafuta mugwaro chinoratidza yayo Anti-akagogodza ehupfumi.

Brand kuti gwenya peturu dzinoiswa chaiyo pfuma iyi. Nokuti avhiyesheni peturu mushure tsamba "B" - somuenzaniso, B / -100 / 130 - yakaratidza octane mugiredhi huni iyo anoita somunhu dhinomineta. Kuwedzera kuramba peturu detonation kunogona kuwedzera ayo anoumba chaizvo yokuvirisa - tetraethyl kutungamirira.

chinotsva chokuguma

Kusvika panguva Kishi nyika akaita pezvitsiga wandei peturu pamusoro zvidzidzo siyana: zhizha, chando, leaded, unleaded uye maloetilirovannyh.

Leaded peturu mavanga inopendwa namavara akasiyana Somuenzaniso, A-72 Pink, AI-93 - red-Orange, AI-98 - mutema.

Dzimwe nyika, peturu inowanika zviviri zvikuru pezvitsiga: "Premium" giredhi rokutanga ANG 97-98 uye "Kugara" giredhi wechipiri ANG 90-94. MuUnited States, Britain nedzimwe nyika kubereka mafuta "Super", iro octane nhamba iri 99-102.

On wokuti chii pamusoro peturu mhando iri nani, haagoni kupindura zvinonyatsoteerera nokuti mumwe motokari aishandiswa imwe mugiredhi peturu. Nokuti kupinza motokari yacho mugadziri anokurudzira kushandiswa huni, ari octane nhamba haidereri pane 91-92, nokuti motokari avaka 90s - ane octane Rating vanenge 94.

peturu chinoratidza peturu muchiso uye unhu wayo pakutsvaga kugutsikana mune Zvinoumba alkalis, acids, sarufa Organic yeimwe uye mwero pakusvibiswa. Kakawanda, gasi yemapurisa Kishi inogona vasangana ne huni shoma-giredhi, kushandiswa zvingaita kuti vakurumidze kusakara uye kukundikana motokari.

Modern womukati combustion injini zvinoda kunyatsoteerera zvaidiwa mugadziri wacho kunenge pamusoro mafuta akashandiswa: Only vazadze peturu giredhi raanotaura kubudikidza mugadziri simba chikwata. Izvi nokuda mwero compression ari mafuta nezvakavhenganiswa, injini magadzirirwo uye humburumbira vanokwanisa. Somuenzaniso, mukuru mukuru compression uye combustion kamuri vhoriyamu, dzakanga dziri octane Rating mafuta. Per mugove ari maviri namashanu hundredths ose compression zvakakodzera, maererano vagadziri, iyo Unit octane nhamba.