Limited-pitikoti differential: sei zvinoshanda?

Shoko rokuti "differential zvechizarira" kana "shoma-pitikoti differential" (samoblok), atinzwe vatyairi zhinji, asi sei muitiro sokunge iri tsika, vashomanana vanoziva. Uye kana vasati yakadaro "nzira" automakers kunge vakashongedzerwa zvikurukuru SUVs, zvino unogona kuwanikwa uye iri motokari guta. Uyezve, kazhinji varidzi motokari asina vakapakata samoblokami pokuziva kubatsirwa vanouya, gadza navo pachako.

Asi isu asati kubata nekubata zvishoma pitikoti differential, zvinokosha kunzwisisa mashandiro pasina ichivharira.

Chii differential

Differential (diff) anogona kunyatsonzi aionekwa somumwe chikuru zvinhu motokari drivetrain kugadzirwa. With payo, pane kushandisa kuchinja uye kugovera injini torque outputted pakati peya vatengi: mavhiri riri rimwe akabatana ari mumuchina kana pakati zvokubatisa ayo. Uyezve simba vakagovera simba aibuda zvingava zvakasiyana kana zvakakodzera, uye nokudaro kumhanya Makumbo - siyana.

The motokari differential yedzimudzangara inogona kuisa: a dzimba neshure ekisero, CAT uye kuchinjwa nyaya, zvichienderana nemotokari mudziyo (s).

diffs avo, izvo akatasva ari zambuko kana PPC, inonzi interwheel, uye iro riri pakati nematemo muchina ukuwo - ACD.

Purpose differential

Sokuziva, motokari achityaira anoita siyana anofambisa: majana, vachivakazve, pezvinenge, etc. Uyewo, mugwagwa pamusoro ingasanganisira hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka, izvo zvinoreva kuti motokari mavhiri zvichienderana ezvinhu, pane imwe chete nguva anogona .. zvakaitika zvakasiyana akareba. Naizvozvo, Somuenzaniso, apo cornering, kana kumhanya Makumbo pamusoro ekisero vachava chete, mumwe wavo vaizongoguma kutedzemuka, zvichiguma nokukurumidza kusakara pamusoro matai. Asi ichi hachisi akaipisisa. Zvizhinji kuipa ndechokuti motokari ipfupi zvikuru kukurukurwa.

Ndiko kugadzirisa matambudziko akadai uye kukwira differential - a mashandiro kuti zvichaita redistribute simba ichibva injini, pakati motokari zvokubatisa zvinoenderana kukosha rinopfungaira kurwisa: duku iri, mukuru vhiri nokukurumidza, uye vakutarisire.

The differential

Nhasi, kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana diff, uye mudziyo uri nani kunzwisisa. Zvisinei, nheyo ndiro basa rose, saka zvichava nyore kunzwisisa kufunga nyore mhando - imwe differential rakavhurika, chine zvinotevera zvinhu:

1. Gears akatasva pamusoro ekisero mugodhi.
2. Zvigayo (mhete) giya, kuitirwa truncated cone.
3. Pinion wakaiswa kusvikira pakuguma nemotokari mugodhi, iyo pamwe chete mhete anoumba huru hutachiwana. Sezvo inopepereswa giya iri yakakura kutungamirira, ekupedzisira vachafanira kuita majana shoma kumativi ayo akabatana pamberi korona chakagadzirwa chete. Naizvozvo, izvi zviviri differential maatomu akafanana kunoderedza uwandu simba (kumhanya), iro pakupedzisira rinosvika mumavhiri.
4. Satellites, izvo zvinoumba nyika giya mashandiro kuti ane basa rinokosha kupa musiyano zvakafanira muna vhiri nokukurumidza.
5. Housing.

Sei differential

Munguva yakarurama uchityaira ake Semi-akabatana, izvo zvinoreva kuti mavhiri tenderera panguva iyoyo nokukurumidza sezvo nemotokari nomubato iine helical giya. Asi apo akatendeuka mutoro pamusoro vhiri anova dzakasiyana (mumwe wavo ari kuedza chamupidigori dzichimhanya), uye nemhaka iyi musiyano wakadarikwa satellites. Zvino, injini simba ichipfuura kwavari, uyewo peya satellites - zviviri zvakaparadzana, yakazvimirira giya, ipapo chakasvitswa semiaxes siyana pakukura nokukurumidza. Saka, simba kunotangira injini iri vakaparadzira pakati pamakumbo anomonereka, asi vanoiswa, uye zvichienderana mutoro kuita kwavari: chii zvinofamba rokunze nharaunda, ruzivo zvishoma rinopfungaira nemishonga, saka differential transmits kwaari kupfuura simba, kugadzira nokukurumidza.

Musiyano uri sei muchinjikwa ekisero uye Inter-ekisero differential, pane: nheyo oparesheni zvakafanana, chete mumutsetse wokutanga, kugovera torque inoendeswa akabatana ari motokari, asi wechipiri - kuti mavhiri wayo chete ekisero.

The chikonzero interaxle differential anova kunyanya kuoneka panguva kwebasa muchina pamusoro akaoma kana kwayo uremu pazvisviniro ekisero, riri kudzika kupfuura vamwe, somuenzaniso, zvichikwira kana pasi.

differential dambudziko

Pasinei nokuti differential achazvikomborera kutamba hombe basa magadzirirwo mumotokari, basa rake dzimwe nguva zvinetso kuti mutyairi. Kureva, kana rimwe vhiri ari tsvedza mugwagwa chikamu (tsvina, chando kana chando), mumwe riri pamusoro zvakaoma pasi, anotanga kuona yakawedzerwa mutoro, diff anoedza kugadzirisa izvi, injini redirects simba ari kufambisa vhiri. Saka, zvinoita sokuti rikawira kufadza kutenderera, apo vamwe, kuva makabatisisa pasi, anongoti anoramba mira kuti.

Ndizvozvo kuti agadzirise matambudziko aya yagadzirwa zvechizarira (Disable) ari differential.

Ichivharira musimboti uye mhando yayo

Nzwisisa misimboti differential, tinogona kugumisa kuti kana iwe vanovhara payo, kuchawedzera torque pamusoro vhiri kana ekisero ane rokuona nani. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kana iwe sangana nazvo muviri mumwe maviri Semi-matemo, kana kumisa vachishandisa kutenderera Satellite.

Zvechizarira inogona vakakwana - sezvo chikamu differential chokuita nokuramba wakaomerera panzira. Vazhinji kuitwa pachishandiswa imbwa batira uye inotongwa mutyairi kuburikidza rinokosha actuator kubva motokari mberi. Kana kungava rusarura, umo nyaya mumakumbo iri inoparadzirwa shoma nesimba - saka anomhanya mashoma-pitikoti differential, izvo munhu kubatanidzwa kunodiwa.

Sei shoma-pitikoti differential

Self-nokukiya differential, chaizvoizvo rinomiririra nekuyanana pakati zvachose uye vakasununguka misa Diffie uye akazoita pitikoti Makumbo zviri muchina iri huye musiyano pakati pavo coefficient pakati coupling pamwe pasi. Saka, zvinokosha nani throughput, kure-mugwagwa kukurukurwa, uye simba kumhanyisa mumotokari, pasinei mugwagwa yepamusoro.

Samoblok inosiya wakazara vhiri zvechizarira chinodzivirira hafu-mutsara dzakaoma mitoro anogona kuitika mune differentials pamwe kumanikidzwa shutdown.

Kiya pamwe Semi-vapiwa itangezve kana rectilinear inofamba vhiri nokukurumidza inoputswa.

The emhando dzakawanda zvinowanzovapo samoblokov

Disc samoblok - kutaridza kukweshera (vachidzipukuta) disks akatasva pakati dzimba Diffie uye divi rachulis.

Kuti tinzwisise kuti inoshanda pamwe differential Unit, zviri nyore chete muchina anochovha nenzira yakarurama mutsetse, dzimba Diffie uye vaviri semiaxes rwakawanda pamwe achangogara pane musiyano pakati kutenderera aimhanya (vhiri akaenda tsvedza mugove) pakati disks kukweshera kunoitika, achidzikisa nayo. Kureva vhiri vasara pamusoro zvakaoma pasi, acharamba tenderera uye haangazvidembi kumira, sezvakaitwa rusununguko differential.

Viscous coupling, kana zvimwe viscous coupling, uyewo yapfuura diff rine mbiri Disc yakatarwa, chete nguva ino Perforated hwakagadzwa pakati pachavo pamwe mukaha diki. Mumwe disks waita pamwe dzimba, mumwe - pamwe nemotokari mugodhi.

The discs inoiswa mudziyo vakazadzwa silicone fluid izvo kuti dzakafanana kutenderera ayo anoramba kuzochinja. Kana Inter-packet anooneka musiyano iri kumhanya, nemvura anotanga thicken nokukurumidza uye zvakasimba. Pakati Perforated hukawanika nemishonga unomuka. Saka Too untwist pasuru braked uye kumhanya kutenderera dzichienderana.

A giya (helical, honye) samoblok. basa rake riri inobva mano honye vaviri riving uye pakudaro adzikatidza hafu rwokuyera chiitiko pavo musiyano iri torque.

Cam samoblok. Kuti tinzwisise kuti differential ari mhando kuuya zvakakwana rakavhurika differential, umo panzvimbo yemapuraneti giya mashandiro vakatasva rachulis (cam) ari vaviri. The cams vari zvayaitenderera paguyo (kusvetuka) apo vhiri aimhanya vari kushanda kufanana uye nokuramba wakaomerera panzira rakanyatsozarirwa (wedged) rekukwazisa vamwe vavo anotanga kutedzemuka.

Musiyano uri sei musimboti differential zvechizarira uye muchinjikwa ekisero, hapana - oparesheni ndiro, akasiyana chete kwokupedzisira pfungwa mumutsetse wokutanga muna - ramazambuko maviri, ari wechipiri - mavhiri maviri akatasva chete akabatana.

Patriotic "niva" uye ayo differentials

Mudzinza mudzimba Vaz "niva" rine nzvimbo inokosha: vakasiyana "hama" dzavo pamusoro conveyor bhandi, muchina uyu akashongedzerwa mana nemavhiri haina adzima.

In nokupfuuridzirwa vazovskaya SUV zvitatu differential: muchinjikwa ekisero - neimwe zambuko, uye interaxle - mu razdatke. Pasinei dzakawanda kudaro, kunzwisisa zvakare sei kuti kushandisa differentials pamusoro "Cornfield", hazvina basa. All saizvozvo sokurondedzerwa pamusoro. Ndiko, apo akarurama-mutsetse kwebasa muchina, pasina probuksovok mavhiri, traction pakati zvakaenzana kuparadzirwa uye ane chete ukoshi. Apo vamwe makumbo anotanga taitofanira, wose nesimba injini, achipfuura diffs, zvinonzi akatumira vhiri ichi.

Nokukiya differentials "niva"

Tisati tataura pamusoro sei kuti kushandisa differential kuvhara zviri "Cornfield", tinofanira kucherechedza chimwe chinhu, kureva kuti kujekesa mashandiro nechemberi (diki) kubata kuchinjwa nyaya.

Vamwe vatyairi vanodavira kuti achibatsirwa mumuchina dzikava pamusoro pamberi-nemavhiri - hazvina kudaro; mberi neshure-nemavhiri mu "niva" agara kwaisanganisira, nepeni ichi rinoitwa differential kudzora rubatsiro. Kureva, kusvikira kuiswa mu "mberi" chinzvimbo, mukuru differential ari kushanda anowanzoita, uye apo "shure" - vakaremara.

Zvino zvakananga ichivharira: kana nokuchinja kure miseve yacho differential kutapurirana mhosva pakati namahwindo ruoko, nokudaro nechisimba tsitsi dzavo kutenderera akurumidze, i.e. kumhanya yaisanganisa Makumbo nechemberi ekisero akaenzana zvachose neizvi giya. Distribution rikaitika huru akananga kurwisa kwazvo. Ngatitii rwemberi vhiri ruchitedzemuka, kana ukadzoka zvechizarira, traction anoenda mberi ekisero, mavhiri iyo akaiyera motokari, asi kana panguva iyoyo zabuksuet zveshure uye pamberi vhiri, ipapo pachake "niva" wavo haasisina anokwira.

Kuti izvi zvisaitike kubva kuitika, vatyairi vari mazambuko kuisa samobloki kubatsira kudhonza tsvikinyidza muchina. Pari, kupfuura akakurumbira pakati varidzi "niva" ndiro differential Nesterov.

Samoblok Nesterov

Ndiko kuti differential Nesterov, uye ndicho chakavanzika kukurumbira ake.

Difa patani kunoita kwete chete kuti optimally achigadzirisa chisina kutsetseka velocity pamusoro muchina mavhiri kana pakuita anofambisa, asi iri nyaya probuksovok kana anorembera vhiri chikwata anomupa shomanana simba kubva muinjini. Uye samobloka mhinduro kuchinja mugwagwa mamiriro pakarepo. Uyewo, Nesterova differential yekudyidzana kunonatsiridza muchina kuzvidzora, kunyange pamusoro dzinotsvedza majana, runogonesa uchityaira kutsiga, kutyaira simba kumhanyisa (kunyanya munguva yechando), zvinoderedza huni rakawanda. A mudziyo chokugadza hakurevi chinhu kushanduka pamasikiro nokupfuuridzirwa uye yakaitika sezvaiitwa ainakidza differential.

The differential raiswa kwete chete muna motokari michina, zvakava kubatsira chaizvo uye tillers, achaita aivabatsira zvikuru upenyu varidzi vahwo.

Differential nokuti motoblock

Famba-shure tarakita - chikwata rakanyatsojeka rinorema, uye kuti angosiya kunoda kushanda nesimba, uye panguva kutadza chisina kutsetseka vhiri kuzviita inonyanya zvakaoma. Naizvozvo, varidzi michina izvi kana diffs havana akafanoona pakutanga kusika, kutenga uye dzishandise navo pachako.

differential motoblock sei? Kutaura chokwadi, chete zvinopa nyore kwezana muchina, zvokurega mumwe mumavhiri.

vamwe basa Its hakuna chokuita redistribution kwesimba - ndiko kuwedzera vhiri pangoro. differential magadzirirwo inopa kushandiswa kwayo somunhu kuwedzera namatemo, iyo inoita kufamba-shure tarakita zvikuru zvatinogadzira hazvigoni kunyatsotevedzera zvinoita uye husingakwanisi tipping pamusoro, kunyanya kana cornering.

Muchidimbu, differential - chinhu chaizvo uye kuvapo, uye ayo zvechizarira dzimwe nguva anowedzera permeability mumotokari.