Two-Kurohwa Diesel injini: nheyo oparesheni, mudziyo, zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira

Modern Diesel Injini - inzira inobudirira mudziyo dzakakwirira kunyatsoshanda. Kana yapfuura diesels akaiswa pamusoro zvokurima michina (nematarakita anofamba, vakohwi, etc. P.), Panguva ino nguva vari vakagadzirira pamwe zvatinosiita motokari guta. Chokwadi, mumwe munhu chokuita Diesel utsi dema kubva chiutsi nenyere. Kwenguva zvakanga, asi zvino ari chiutsi gadziriro iri upgraded, uye vakadaro kusawirirana anenge hapana. Ngatimboongororai maviri sitiroko Diesel injini uye mamiriro avo.

Vamwe vakawanda mashoko

A chinokosha chepfungwa Diesel injini iri kwayo rakawedzera kunyatsoshanda. Izvi imhaka mukuru kumwero chinotsva kuti 15% nyatsoshanda. Kana kutarira mafuta panguva samolecular vanochiva pano tinoona refu cheni Mahydrocarbon. Nokuda kwaizvozvo goho kunyatsoshanda pamusoro Diesel chinotsva iri zvishoma kupfuura peturu.

The kushanda nheyo chaiwo Diesel injini ndiko kutendeutsa reciprocating inofamba iri crank mashandiro (crank) kupinda zvokuimba basa. Chinokosha musiyano pakati womukati injini wakamhanyira peturu ari mubishi rokuzvigadzira uye kuvesa pamusoro huni mhepo nezvakasanganiswa.

In Diesel muvhenganiswa inotungamirwa anotora nzvimbo zvakananga muimba combustion yomukati. Nokudaro, kana kufadza kumanikidzwa kunoitika kuvesa pakati musanganiswa. Chakanaka kana chakaipa, tigokuitira gare gare, uye ikozvino ngatikurukurei kupfuura dzinonakidza.

Two-Kurohwa Diesel injini

Kwakadaro gwenya mhando parizvino ane rakapararira duku, sezvo ari muhombe-pisitoni injini. Ine gasi turbine, iyo inodiwa kuti kutendeuka chafariz simba kupinda zvemaziso uye blower. Nheyo okupedzisira matanho ndeyokunzwa vachikwanisa nokuwedzera kumanikidza. Somugumisiro - kuderedzwa mafuta rinodyiwa.

The sepombi injini vanosarudzirwa pakatarisana rimwe chinjikira chinzvimbo. Chaizvoizvo, nei vaviri-sitiroko injini ainzi kudaro? Izvi imhaka yokuti sepombi unoshanda chete chimurenga rimwe crankshaft. Kureva tine nenguva yeko miviri.

Kushanda miviri-ronda Diesel kutenderera ndeiyi. Kana pisitoni anoburukira wayo yakadzikira pfungwa, humburumbira uzere mhepo. Pane imwe nguva ari chiutsi vharuvhu anovhura uye magasi therethrough. Panguva iyoyowo, kuburikidza pasi nepahwindo kupinda sepombi pave mhepo.

The kushanda nhungamiro maviri sitiroko Diesel injini

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti mune izvi mhando mbiri munyika combustion injini inoshandiswa Kuchenesa: hwindo uye vharafu-mutswe. Kana mabhokisi humburumbira anoshandiswa nokuda Inlet uye nzira yokubudisa - iri hwindo hurongwa. Kana nyaya iri kugadziridzwa kuburikidza unokosha vharafu ari humburumbira Inlet uye nepamahwindo, ipapo hurongwa vharuvhu-mutswe. Nzira iyi rokuchenesa uye Flushing zvakawanda Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri. Izvi imhaka yokuti havasi vose mhepo vasara humburumbira. Vamwe zviri kunze injini. Vanonzi zvakananga-aibuda rokutsvaira hurongwa kunopa Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nokubviswa combustion zvigadzirwa kubva sepombi.

Two-Kurohwa Diesel injini anogona kumhanya kwenguva yakati. Izvi imhaka vashoma zvokuimba chiito mukati humburumbira. Sezvo pisitoni anotanga kufamba kwayo kubva pasi akafa centre. Panguva ino, iyo yaunodya vharuvhu anovhara uye nepahwindo. Somugumisiro, compression kwacho kunotanga. The kamwene riri rokumusoro akafa pfungwa. Chinotsva iri abatidzwa mhepo inopisa. Kana pisitoni pasi combustion chigadzirwa iri kuwedzerwa.

Valve Kuchenesa mutswe

Nouchapupu kuwedzera chete zvinogona kuwanika kana mhepo injini kunyatsoshanda anomhanya pamwe humburumbira akabatana. Kana Flushing mhete kushandiswa yokutanga maviri mbonje michini, izvo haana kupa zvakakodzera mugumisiro, Ndokuzofungisisa chete kushandiswa vharafu-mutswe. ino akakwanisa kuderedza uwandu nzvimbo isina ikaridzwa humburumbira. The Hurongwa akabvumira zvishoma mangwanani kuvhara nzira yokubudisa vharuvhu. Izvi substantially kwakaderedza kurasikirwa yakachena mutariri uye nani supercharging. Nhasi, vharafu-mutswe achinatsa kushandiswa ngarava uye uto michina.

Zvakanakira miviri-sitiroko injini

The Injini yokutanga yakadaro wakatangwa kuti nyika panguva apo chaiwo 4 neronda Diesel injini. Tichishandisa ichangopfuura, pakanga 2 neronda peturu injini. A chinokosha - vakawanda diki. Pano tinogona kutaura nokuderedza uremu kubudikidza 40-50% kubva chaiwo diesels kusvika turbine. Zvikuru chinhu chinokosha kuti ano motokari, kana Developers vari kuedza napo yokuderedza uremu motokari.

Chimwe chakanakira ndechokuti mudziyo ane mbiri-sitiroko Diesel injini zvishoma nyore mukoma wake. Vashoma zvikamu kuti SERVICING nyore uye cheaply. Nepo ekupedzisira kunogona kuva uye nharo nokuti zvose atarisana kwakadai injini. Kwakadaro simba chikwata anogona kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa ane zvishoma maturusi. Kutaura zvazviri, izvi itsanangudzo shanduro womukati injini. Mukuwedzera, kuvapo supercharger anoponesa huni chaizvo. Inenge 40-50% kubva Diesel huni akaponesa nemhaka kusunda-muedzo kugadzira. Chokwadi, injini zvose vane zvayakanakira zvavo nezvayakaipira. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, payakaipira zvikuru, sezvo kushomeka zvakasikwa kushanda.

Personal utera

Zvakare, kana iwe nyora zvose zvazvakashatira pamazita, kuyeuka anouya muhombe injini. Chokwadi kuti pano zvinokosha kusiyanisa zvinotevera payakaipira:

• yakakwirira rechengetedzo mari;
• kushaya kupembedza zvikamu;
• mutengo mukuru pamusoro injini.

Pfungwa yokutanga ndeyokuti nokuda kushaya okudhindira apo vakagadzirira kutora maviri sitiroko Diesel injini kugadziriswa. Izvi zvikuru dzinongoitika uye musoro nekuti vagadziri vakawanda guru-kubereka Motors izvi, ane nhamba duku seti motokari. Mune kwakajairika basa chiteshi ane simba chikwata kana zvavanoita, zvinodhura.

Asi kazhinji hapana chete kubvisa yechitatu - hapana chikonzero tsitsi zvikamu. More chaizvo, ivo, asi chete pasi hurongwa. Vanogona kumirira mwedzi kana kupfuura. Kana mumaguta makuru uye tichakwanisa kugadzira imwe yakadaro womukati injini uye kuwana zvikamu, iri kure nemaguta kuita kudaro angangotadza kubudirira. Heano zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira izvi Diesel. Asi zvino funga mashoma zvinokosha mashoko.

A zvishoma pamusoro lubrication hurongwa

Sezvatakurukura vanzwisisa, ichi Diesel injini ine yayo uye zvaasingagoni. An zvikuru chikamu lubrication hurongwa. Iye ndiye anokonzera vakarongeka kushanda vachidzipukuta zvikamu uye kutonhora, mari kubva dhipoziti. Munhu wose anenge refu kuzivikanwa kuti zvinangwa izvi rinoshandiswa mafuta injini ndakarumbidzwa ari mugadziri. Kwatiri, zvose zvakafanana.

A mashoko mashoma ndinoda kutaura pamusoro aibuda lubricating Urume. Hazvina zvakafanira kumirira upfumi. Izvi imhaka kuwedzera mafuta zvakananga kupinda huni chakaipa nokushanda vachidzipukuta zvikamu. Hazvina musoro kuti richaperera nokukurumidza, uye zvichaita inofanira kuwedzerwa nguva dzose. Uyezve, imwe duku mafuta nenzara anogona kukuvadza vaviri-mbonje Diesel injini nokukurumidza. Kanenge pamusoro hurongwa yapfuura pane chakaipa peturu injini. Naizvozvo, lubrication kwava pane simba pane simba divi uye hatifaniri kukanganwa nezvazvo.

pamusoro kwezvakatipoteredza

Mumakore achangopfuura, mainjiniya vari kuramba uchiedza kuderedza uwandu zvinokuvadza chaibwinya chiutsi hurongwa mumhepo. ikoroji mubvunzo iwayo chakasimba. Kana nyika dzokuEurope refu vakasuma zvezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa, zviri zvikuru kupfuura muRussia. Kana Diesel injini zvavo, uye yava kare chaiyo particulate filters uye kuderedzwa nedota mafuta kuti kuderedza choutsi kukuvadza mumhepo.

Kwatiri, zvainzi kuti mafuta inopiswa yomukati. It ane guru Vakaomerwa kubva pfungwa nemaonero ikoroji. Uyezve, chikamu huni mhepo muvhenganiswa haisi zvinobata moto uye anoona panze. Zvose izvi pamwe chiutsi maitiro kukonzera kukuvadza zvakakomba kuti mhepo. Saka, zviviri-sitiroko Diesel injini ndiwo wakakodzera kwazvo kushandisa muuto zvemichina uye avhiyesheni.

Aviation Diesel

Zvakapararira marudzi aya Motors vakagamuchira ari kutiza unyanzvi. Most akashandiswa ndege chiedza. High waivako pamwe encombrements diki - vaiva yairwirwa zvikonzero pakusarudzwa simba vezvikwata kuti ndege. Mukuwedzera, kuvapo uye pasina kuwedzera kuvesa airidza chete nani. Ice oparesheni anomiswa pamwe nerubatsiro mafuta uye mhepo nezvakasanganiswa.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti vaviri-ronda zvomumvura Diesel haatyi tembiricha kuchinja. Uyezve, kazhinji huru Ndinoda chimwezve womukati injini kutonhora, chakanaka chaizvo. izvi zvose, pamwe kushandiswa hwakanyatsorwisa chipa mafuta, zvichiita Diesel ichi kwakakurumbira chaizvo. kuparadzirwa kwechokwadi yoruzivo kunzwisisa naro uye dzigadziridzwe ari compressor. Mukuwedzera, chinotsva inofanira kuwedzerwa mafuta, idzo mari haisi chisingakoshi. Vakawanda avhiyesheni ane pfungwa huru, nokuda pamusoro zvinhu.

Inosimudzira chafariz mutoro

Taiongorora kiyi zviri injini ichi. Somuenzaniso, iye zvino munoziva kuti injini uremu mhando uye chii ayo uye zvaasingagoni. Asi ndinoda kuti funga zvishoma kugadzirwa zvinhu simba chikwata. Zvikurukuru, tichakurukura kuti kutonhora hurongwa. Chokwadi kuti vaviri-ronda Diesel injini iri kupisa-vakaremerwa, pane 4-sitiroko. Izvi imhaka chichiwedzera kakawanda pakati pisitoni. Zvinonzi ndawana, izvo substantially anowedzera tembiricha mukamuri. Zvakakodzera kuderedza chinobudirira kutonhora. Kana kutaura pamusoro avhiyesheni, zvose zviri pachena. High nokukurumidza uye motokari wokufema vari kuita basa ravo. Izvi zvinoshandawo kushanda kwazvo frosts, apo pasi tembiricha dzakapoterera kwezvakatipoteredza rinongova ndinoiitawo.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinokosha mvura kutonhora. Kazhinji ndiwo dzekare hurongwa. Chinhu choga unofanira kuteerera, saka zviri pamusoro serviceability zvose hurongwa. Overheating, kunyange pfupi, izvozvo zvingaita kuti jamming kana zvimwe zvinetso. Chero zvazvingava, kwakadaro mukana chinofanira dzadzimwa.

upfumi Diesel

Special kutarisirwa zvinofanira kupiwa zvekuvaka kuronga injini. Chokwadi ndechokuti, iro pacharo zvimwe zvishoma Diesel pane peturu simba chikwata. Izvi imhaka kushandisa mhando peturu. It inosiya dhipoziti ari combustion mukamuri uye injectors. izvi zvose kunoderedza zvikuru upenyu basa. Kana vaviri-mbonje rekambani injini pamusoro Diesel injini, ipapo yakawanda kunobva anodawo ezvinhu, uye nenguva basa. Kana mafuta nechakatsinhiwa munguva, uye injini hazvirevi overheat, unogona kumhanya 200,000 makiromita. For warrior zvekuvaka yekudyidzana muduku uye sezvakarayirwa 100,000 makiromita.

zvinokosha zvakawanda

Modern maviri-sitiroko Diesel injini iri ichazivikanwa noku yepamusoro mafuta hurongwa. Zvinonzi achimhanya injini chinyararire uye zvakanaka. Asi haana nguva dzose. The zvokuimba Pombi ine peculiarities ayo. Zvikurukuru, mumwe kamwene aiva yoga mutsetse. Izvi kunyange ane utera, asi inozivikanwa akavimbika kwavo uye yakakwirira maintainability. Gare gare kupomba nani uye kuva zvikuru kuoma. Paiva kwegadziriro "Common Rail". The mafuta njanji iri mhando anoramba kumanikidzwa sezvakarayirwa mamiriyoni 2 makirogiramu muzana sendimita akaenzana. The mokugezera vari unetseke unhu mafuta. Murombo mafuta kunotungamirira yavo nokukurumidza kukundikana.

To muchidimbu

Kazhinji, vaviri-sitiroko Diesel injini dzichakurukurwa muhurukuro uye kunatsiridzwa. Zvisinei, kufanana muhombe-pisitoni womukati injini, ivo havaratidzi zvakanyorwa. Zvisinei, munguva yemberi iri pedyo vachagara nenzvimbo imwe niche iri Automotive indasitiri. Nhasi vari kushandiswa ndege uye makuru ezvokutengeserana uye uto nemidziyo. Zviri yakavimbika uye hwaiva mari injini, izvo zvakanaka zvakakodzera kuchaita kushanda zvakanaka. Panguva imwe cheteyo, hazvisi pasina uye matambudziko. Somuenzaniso, mashoko rikwanise dambudziko kutonhora uye lubrication. Zvinotonyanya kukosha ndiwo mubvunzo ikoroji. Kunoda kunzwisisa filtration gadziriro kusangana dzezvakatipoteredza nemitemo. Nokuti ichi chikonzero nyore, vanobudisa kugadzira, kushandiswa injini izvi mune mhando dzose motokari kwakaoma uye haisati zvinobvira. Asi Kusimudzira chiutsi gasi kucheneswa hurongwa anokwanisa kupedza dambudziko iri uye kuchatungamirira chokwadi kuti mbiri-sitiroko injini zvichabviswa rinoparadzirwa.