Boyar Morozova - a womungano. Nyaya boyar Morozova upenyu

Boyar Morozova ndeimwe zvinozivikanwa unhu Russian akasiya pavaida munhoroondo ehurumende. Mukadzi uyu aiva ndiye ane asingatyi uye vakasindimara, ndiyo murwi chaiye nheyo dzake neururami. Kunwa Boyarynya zvakawanda, nokuti mumwe munhu zviri pachena mupengo, vakagadzirira kuenda kurufu, asi haana kukanda mapfumo zvavanotenda, mune vamwe inyaya ruremekedzo uye kuvimbika kwaro nemishonga vakagamuchirwa kutenda. Chero zvakanga, asi - a womungano, uye nemhaka mufananidzo Surikov rangarira nyaya Morozova achava kunyange kupfuura chizvarwa chimwe.

Origin Boyarina Morozova

Prokopievna Theodosius akaberekwa May 21, 1632 muMoscow, baba vake - Sokovnin Procopius Fedorovich - aiva jinda, yaiva hama mudzimai wake wokutanga chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich, Mariey Ilinichnoy. Future noblewoman aiva pakati courtiers akaperekedza mambokadzi. Mumakore 17 Theodosius akaroora Morozova Gleba Ivanovicha. Murume wake aiva mumiriri mumhuri anokudzwa, aiva ukama pamwe nemhuri Romanovs, pedyo Moscow, aiva dzakaisvonaka neimba Zyuzin, ndinonzi babamunini Prince uye vakashumira bhegi wamambo avete. Hama Gleb, Boris, akanga akapfuma kwazvo. Akafa muna 1662, uyewo vana haana akamuka, vose vakayambuka inotevera pamusoro hama.

Pfuma uye simba Boyarina

Pakafa Gleb Ivanovich mamiriro vose hama yava muduku Ivan Glebovich mwanakomana Gleb, uye Theodosius, uye chaiko maneja upfumi anova mai vake. Nyaya boyar Morozova upenyu unofadza zvikuru, nekuti mukadzi uyu aiva maonero avo pamusoro upenyu. Theodosius Prokopievna rakava Boyarina bhiza, aiva simba guru, rakanga pedyo namambo. upfumi Its aigona chete shanje: noblewoman aiva matunhu akawanda, asi iye ndokugara mumusha Zyuzin, iyo akamisa musha wako pamusoro muenzaniso Western. Panguva iyoyo yaiva kupfuura dzinoyevedza neimba.

Boyar Morozova kupa mirayiridzo sere (!) Zviuru serfs, chete mumba yake paiva vashandi vanenge 300. In Feodosiya aiva akachenjera murairidzi, uye yakashongedzwa mosaics sirivha, iye kazhinji akafamba, mahanisi kuti vashandi vake vatanhatu, kana kunyange gumi mabhiza pamwe kwengoro ngetani. Munguva boyarynya nzendo pamwe anenge 100 varandarume navarandakadzi, achidzivirira nayo kubva pakurwiswa. Morozov mumazuva iwayo kwainzi anenge vakapfuma murume muMoscow.

Mutsigiri of Old Vakatendeka kutenda

Boyar Morozova aiva kuchitsigira mutsigiri kutenda yekare. Aive tsitsi varombo uye benzi mutsvene, Vapei zvipo. Mukuwedzera, mumba make kazhinji akaunganidza vateveri Old Vatendi kunyengetera kumativi canons yekare muTestamende Vakatendeka mifananidzo. Mukadzi akanga pedyo kuonana Avvakum, chomurevereri kutenda yekare, haana kuona zvinhu zviri Patriarch Nikon.

Iye akapfeka bvudzi hembe, kuti nokudaro "kuti kupingudza nyama." Asi Habhakuki akanga asingafari Morozova, akamukurudzira kuti gouge meso ake, sezvakaita Mastridiya kuti uzvidzivirire miedzo rudo. Uyewo mupristi akatsiura boyarynya parudo duku, nokuti kana mamiriro ake ezvinhu aigona kuita zvakanaka zvikuru kuti vanhu vazhinji vanoshayiwa. Uyezve, Theodosius Zvisinei, uye ichokwadi kuti kutenda mutana, akashanyira kereke setsika idzva, izvo zvakakonzera kwake kusavimbana pamusoro chikamu kuzvikudza.

kusateerera Morozova

Mambo vaiziva pamusoro zvitendero Boyarina bhiza, uye maitiro akadaro haana kufara nazvo. Theodosius akadzivisa chechi uye magariro zviitiko, haana kunyange kupinda kumuchato Alexei Mikhailovich, vachiti akanga achirwara kwazvo. Mambo pazvinhu zvose vakaedza kufurira wakaoma boyarynya, tumai chinangwa kwaari nehama dzake kuti zano mukadzi uye vakanyengetedza kupfeka kutenda chitsva, asi yakanga zvose pasina Morozova amire pamusoro wake. Vashoma vaiziva sezvo kunzi Boyar Morozova pashure mhiko panguva Old Vatendi. Woman muchivande akarikunda ndokunzwisisa zita idzva - Theodore, vachiratidza ayo mamiriro yasara kwechokwadi kutenda yekare.

Mambokadzi Maria Ilinichna refu pent-hasha wamambo, uye chepamusoro Boyarina vaisabvumirwa pano saka kundomuranga chete, asi mwoyo murefu Alexei Mikhailovich yakaguma. Manheru, November 16, 1671 kusvika Morozova, Archimandrite Joachim akasvika mabharani remakurukota Hilarion. The imba yaiva, uye hanzvadzi Princess Boyarina Urusova. Kuti kusaremekedza wako vaeni Theodosius uye Eudocia akaenda kunorara uye pokuva mibvunzo akauya. Pashure paakabvunza vakadzi simbi uye akasiya pasi aigara mumba. Mazuva maviri gare gare, Morozov yokutanga zvifambiswe Zvishamiso, uye ipapo muna muPskov-Caves wemamonk.

Mushure mujeri Boyarina akafa mwanakomana wake chete, Ivan, hama mbiri vakatapwa, uye vose pfuma hwakatamisirwa papfuma yamambo. Morozov akanga nokungwarira kurindwa asi iye akagamuchira kubva tsitsi kuvanhu vake nguvo uye zvokudya, mupristi Habhakuki akanyora tsamba yake, uye mumwe vapristi vekare kutenda chokugoverana kuna mukadzi murombo.

mambo varangwe

Boyar Morozova, Princess Urusova uye Maria Danilova (mukadzi Colonel musketeers) pakupera 1674 zvaiendeswa Yamskoy pachivanze. Kutambudzwa pamusoro rack wavakadzi vakaedza kuti abvume kutenda chitsva uye kusiya nezvavanotenda, asi vakanga vakasimba. Vakanga voda kupisa padanda, asi kumhura ichi chaitadzisa Princess Irina, hanzvadzi wamambo uye aidzivirira pasi boyars. Alexei Mikhailovich akarayira Evdokia nehanzvadzi uye Theodosius nhapwa Pafnutyevo-Borovsky wemamongi mujeri mujeri yevhu.

Death Boyarina

Muna June 1675, 14 Varanda Boyarina vakapiswa vari emapuranga imba, inotsigira kutenda yekare. September 11, 1675 vakafa nenzara Princess Urusova Morozova akafanoonawo aurayiwe. Nguva pfupi asati afa akakumbira varindi unoshambidza hembe murwizi kufira mbatya dzakachena. Kubva kuneta zvakakwana Theodosius akafa musi waNovember 2, 1675.

Musoro mufananidzo Surikov

Muna 1887, pashure rechi15 anofambira kwemasimba pakati Tretyakov Gallery, basa emhizha kuti shasha "Boyar Morozova" chakatengwa 25 zviuru rubles. Painting Surikov rinomiririra kanivhasi saizi 304h587,5 cm makanyorwa namafuta. Nhasi mumwe maberere pakukura Exhibits. mufananidzo kure chinokwezva pfungwa vaoni, mesmerizing mavara akajeka, vakagwinya mifananidzo uye spatial simba. Vasili akatora sepokutangira musoro wechechi schism XVII remakore. The painter aida kuratidza upenyu hwakaoma uye kutenda kwakasimba vanhu Russian. Akakwanisa kubudisa dambudziko ezvinhu: huru nemaitiro anyadziswa, akapwanyika asi kwete kuputswa; Morozov chichatadza rufu, asi achiri anooneka rinokunda nenzira.

Surikov kufarira nhamo Boyarina

Biography Boyarina Morozova kuziva Vasily Ivanovich, nokuti ndiye anobva kuSiberia, uye chokwadi munharaunda iyi inozivikanwa akawandisa Old Vatendi. Siberians vane mafungiro akanaka kuti kutenda yekare, nokuti nzvimbo iyi zvinonzi nevakawanda kushandiswa "upenyu" zvokunyorwa nemaoko zvaiva Old Vakatendeka uraya vakatambudzwa nemaoko vamiririri kutenda chitsva. Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, pamwe "zvakaedza Boyar Morozova" Surikov akasuma godmother ake. Zviripachena, yokudhirowa akafadzwa simba nechido Boyarina, saka ndakasarudza kuti kumutsa kuyeuka payo, pamusoro kanivhasi hombe unoratidza pechiitiko apo Morozov kuendeswa kujeri.

The zvifananidzo vanonyanya kutaurwa mumufananidzo

Kana kutarisa kanivhasi rokutanga Anobata ziso musimboti hunhu - Boyarynya Morozova. Description of mufananidzo kunoratidza kuti the artist nguva refu kuti kutsunga pamwe mufananidzo yokunyora nokudhirowa, iye kupendwa navo yoga uye ipapo vakaungana. Avvakum Theodosius akatsanangura mukadzi sezvo mutete ne shifty, mheni-zvokukanda ziso, uye Surikov kugona kuwana munhu akadaro - munhu hwokunyanyisa, ropa, taneta asi vanodada uye vasingachinji. Pakupedzisira, iye sketched pamwe Morozov staroobryadki kuti akasangana Vasily Ivanovich pedyo Rogozhskoe kumakuva.

Moscow murombo zvokutengeserana wemagaka, akava kumumvuri dzvene benzi, asi mufananidzo mutorwa - ndiye munyori pachake. "Boyar Morozova" - mufananidzo akapfuma "ruvara nezvimwe." Surikov akaisa zvikuru vakaparara, zvichiita kuti sokuti chaivo. Painter akatarisa chando kwenguva refu, anokunda modulations dzayo dzose, akatarisa sezvo mhepo inotonhora rinokanganisa ruvara rweganda. Ndokusaka vatambi vake sokuti mupenyu. Kupa firimu pfungwa sangano, Surikov pririsoval kuti turera achimhanya mukomana.

Tinyatsonzwisisa basa the artist

History of mufananidzo "Boyar Morozova" kujairika, kana chete nokuti basa iri kwakaita nharo uye mukuru-Profile kusawirirana vatsoropodzi panguva anofambira kuratidza. Vamwe vanoda kushanda Surikov, munhu - kwete, asi vose vakabvumirana kuti zvakasikwa zvakanga hwakabudirira. Vamwe vatsoropodzi akaenzanisa kanivhasi ane mavara makapeti Persian, nokuti inopenya mavara uye meso ryabili, zvidzidzo nezvokuzivikanwa zvikanganiso-siyana ari mufananidzo, dzakadai sizvo chinzvimbo maoko uye zvichingodaro. D. Asi zvakadaro, kupfuura akakurumbira uye shingirira kutsoropodzwa tsanangudzo kudzidza nechipi anofanira kunge vanobvuma - zviri zvechokwadi rounyanzvi.

Before Vasily Surikov hapana vemifananidzo pachena saka asingasaruri kwete kutotaura vanhu pre-Petrine panguva. In nechepakati kanivhasi - hapana, aneta kutambura mupfungwa, nenzara kubva mukadzi nokutsanya refu, vakagara dzakaripoteredza zveufende, unhu vanhu vari mbava majasi, Torlopov, telogreyah. Ruzhinji rakatsemuka kuva mativi maviri, mumwe anonzwira tsitsi Boyarynya, mumwe - inoita vamuseke dambudziko rake. Surikov akakwanisa ndiponesezve vatambi vavo. The Fafitera, akamira pedyo Mucheka anonzwa uye sei vazhinji zvaizochengetwa Kutamiswa panguva emakore mashoma apfuura.

Vasily Chaizvoizvo nezveaiuya yezvakaitika munhau yeRussia. basa rake kwakaita vanhu kwete chete kuti vadzidze pamusoro njodzi boyar Morozova, asiwo kufungisisa ake nezviito. Mumwe anoona izvozvo sezvo mupengo, munhu kufarira kwake inflexibility uye kuomerera nhungamiro. Munguva achiedzesera mufananidzo vanhu tichienzanisa heroine of Populists uye Stenka Razin. Panoti chete kuti "Boyar Morozova" ndiko, ose zera, pane nguva dzose muri vanhu, akatendeka nezvaaitenda.