Antique mari goridhe - numismatic ukoshi

Modern mari vateresi vanoda kubhadhara zvuru kana kunyange mamiriyoni emadhora dzimwe nguva mari yendarama mari. ukoshi yavo pakutsvaga husiri nyore kuwana, mukurumbira, nhoroondo kukosha, chitarisiko. The chepamusorosoro ukoshi pakati vateresi zvenyika aine goridhe yesimbi mutana ayo guises siyana.

Zvaiitika

Munguva dzekare, mashandiro mari vakatakura mombe, matehwe, nyama nezvimwe zvigadzirwa, vanovengwa dzakaitwa nemaoko zvinhu. A gare gare basa iri duku anoshandiswa simbi, mhangura, ndarira, sirivha, uye ipapo nendarama. The vara vaiva vakasiyana hukuru uye ivhu, mubhadharo akasika yakawanda nematambudziko.

The VII-VI remakore BC. e. mari yokutanga akazviratidza. Izvi nyore zvikuru nedanho kutengeswa. Vakarufahli mberi, mari nguva alternated coinless uye simbi dzimwe nyika kwenguva refu akakoshesa sirivha anodhura uye goridhe nguva. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, mari yendarama akawana zvikuru kukosha.

Yokutanga masendi anokosha yakagadzirwa kubva yakaisvonaka simbi. Asi nekuda kwayo softness uye plasticity, vekare goridhe mari nokukurumidza kurasikirwa rwayo uye uremu. Kana kubvunda kuti vara sirivha kana mhangura akatanga kunatsa hwavo zvemaziso ehupfumi.

Okutanga mari goridhe yaishandiswa muIjipiti yekare, China yekare, Lydian umambo Ancient Greece, hweRoma. MuEurope, vakapinda kushandiswa pakutanga pamusoro XIII remakore. The chidzoke chendarama Old World yave chokuita kukura kutengeserana ukama Middle East, kunyanya ne hweOttoman Empire.

wokutanga antiikki goridhe mari The yakanga yakagadzirwa muna Florence uye vaiva zita "florin". Mushure goridhe mari fashoni kupararira kune mamwe maguta uye nyika. Vane Mazita yakasiyana siyana States, uye kunyange mukati chete magadzirirwo akanga kutsiviwa nemazita avo. Kubva zvino, kwete chete ruripo chaizvo - mari chinokosha munyika.

Kusanduka Chirungu goridhe

British "zvendarama masendi" Kuberekwa yawa kusvika 1257. Zvisinei, mari iyi haazovi dzose uye nokukurumidza anyangarika. Kare vakachengetedzwa makopi nomwe.

Kugara dzava kugadzira yekare Chirungu goridhe mari inowanikwa nzira iri Makore Zana War pamwe French vatsigiri. Yakachinja rwayo, mutengo uye kukosha mune mari ino. Vamwe mari zviri rimwe nhamba uye vane kukosha kune venhau uye numismatists.

Chronology yokuchinja mifananidzo uye mazita Chirungu mari ndarama

Images mari ndarama achinja zvishoma nezvishoma;

• XIV remakore: Florin (yakaenzana 6s) Papera - Noble (80 nemakobiri). Vakakurumidza kubuda dzoro. Very isingawanzowanikwi uye zvinodhura. Florin ariko chete triplicate. Popular "Noble ne George" uye polnoblya.
• XV remakore: Rayol (10s) uye Angel (6s 8d). Rare uye zvinokosha. The inonyanya kufarirwa Rayol pamwe ruva.
• 1489: Ishe (20 mashereni).
• XVI remakore: Kroon (5s) uye paundi (20s). "Crohn kuti Rose" - chinokosha vavo.
• XVII remakore: anotonga, iye Unite (mukukudza mubatanidzwa England uye Scotland); uye pasi Charles II - Guinée.
• 1816: The kudzoka wamambo. Kudzingana collectible makopi.
• XX remakore: mambo akabuda mari turnover uye collectible mari UK.

French goridhe: kunzwisisa nhoroondo

Kusvikira 1360 muFrance aishandisa Livres, dhinari, Su (sirivha kana ndarira). Tanga dzava kugadzira mari yesimbi goridhe inowira sezvo nguva Makore Zana War. Wokutanga mazambiringa "Frank" ainzi French goridhe mari, asi nekuda akagadzira zvinhu (anofananidzirwa mambo akatasva bhiza) muna vanhu iye pakunzi "bhiza Franc." Gare gare paivawo "rutsoka Franc".

The mari maitiro iyoyo yakava chikoro: 1 = 1 Franc = 20 livery pamusoro Tours munyu. Inonzi mari nguva nenguva kuti rinowanika zvishoma, akabva anyangarika zvakare. The French Revolution kudzosa currency, uye iye akaramba ari pokutanga kusvikira nhasi.

For France, saizvozvo sezvo kuEngland, yakanga dzinoratidzwa nokubudiswa zvakafanana negoridhe nesirivha shanduro. Historical kuchinja chitarisiko uye mazita ari mari haana kudaro kubatikana, asi kuchinja epochs hwakaratidzwa zvakananga pamusoro currency.

Muronga nhoroondo French goridhe mari

Nhoroondo zvendarama French Mari seizvi:

• XIV-XV remakore: Franc. A isingawanzowanikwi uye zvinodhura.
• End XIV-XV remakore: korona dzendarama (livery ndiro 3). Chikumbiro akaramba "shanduko diki" Franks.
• XVII-XVIII remakore: Louis. ECU anobudiswa nesirivha nerokuti. Value mari ichikosha Education: Louis 1 ECU = 4 = 24 = 240 Livres munyu.
• Mugumo XVIII remakore, French Revolution: kudzoka Franc mugadziriro ari grade mari hurongwa. Chiitiko Napoleons (20 mafranc), kaviri napoleons (40 mafranc) uye polunapoleondora (10 mafranc). Mafranc Napoleon Bonaparte anonziwo "jongwe" kana "Marianne" (pamusoro obverse musoro Marianne, uye neizvi - jongwe) - iri anokosha chaizvo muunganidzwa mari modernity. It yakagadzirwa kusvikira 1914. Zvino rinowanika equating euro.
• Mugumo XIX remakore: Franc. Iye zvikurukuru pamusoro munharaunda nyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope (Latin Monetary Union).
• The hafu rokutanga XX remakore: Kurambwa ndarama mari mureza. Zvisinei, mari, inonzi "Frank", kusvikira 2002 kuuyisa kweeuro. Zvino mafranc zvendarama zvinowanikwa chete noMuteresi kuti shanduro.

Spanish goridhe change duku "zolotolikih" chitarisiko

Old Spanish mari goridhe akaberekwa chete XVI remakore, yainzi "zvendarama escudos." Kuvapo nendarama mari mari muSpain kunoratidzwa zvepamusoro nokugarika tichienzanisa France uye kunyanya England.

Kudzingirira escudos yakanga yatangwa panguva yaitonga Mambo Philip II. Coin Ratio umambo iri mari ino yakanga sezvinotevera: 1 = 400 PTE maravedi Papera PTE = 1 Kr = 16 544 maravedi.

Patrimony:

• XVI remakore: yacho shield uye eskudilo, izvo anoenzanisa kune escudos nehafu.
• XVIII remakore: doubloons goridhe (2 escudos).
• Pakutanga XIX remakore: 1 shield yakaenzana 40 reais. Papera escudos sirivha vanomboenda Nde mari. Kune mhangura itsva, ndarira uye mari yesirivha; centimos uye pessety.
• Mugumo XIX - mangwanani XX remakore: ari turnover yendarama nesirivha mumasangano 20, 25 uye 100 pesset.

To musi, sezvinoita muunganidzwa mari ndarama muSpain zvinowanikwa siyana mazano euros.

Hafu ehurumende - mari inokosha

Numismatists kutenga uye vatore kuwanda kana kusatonzwa zvinokosha mari mari. Serious chinangwa zvikuru vakavimbika uye vaneshungu vari zvenhaka mari goridhe. Nomutengo wavo anogona anosiyana kubva shoma makumi emadhora nemazana ezviuru.

The anofungidzirwa Mari chinokosha goridhe mari mari iri dzaitaurwa tafura.

Nokuti vasingazivi mari - chete kuuya kubva dzoro waakazvitengesa nzira, ari miziyamu Exhibits, ivo Zvisaririra kare. munhu wechokwadi vaneshungu muteresi chete vachakuudza kuti vanorarama mweya wenyika, nhoroondo imwe nyika, vanhu imwe ichikosha. Ndechipi tikiti kuti yokufungidzira nguva muchina, apo unogona kuona mambo uye mambokadzi Medieval French, Spanish Pirates, dare Chirungu uye varombo navaranda. Kuti ivo ipfuma kwete chete nezvinhu, asi nhoroondo, tsika uye mumudzimu. goridhe Ancient yesimbi - soro numismatic ukoshi pakati vateresi.