Anti-kukweshera zvinhu: muchidimbu, zvivako uye mafomu

Pfungwa kushanda unyanzvi dzakabatana, michina uye mapoka maatomu akafanana nomumwe zvokushandisa zviri kunotozongoita achiperekedzwa kusakara. Mutual zvokuimba chiito zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana inosiyana kuchinyanya pazuva mumwe zvinoisa abrasion pakati hukawanika dzavo uye kuparadzwa womukati mamiriro. Uyezve, ndozvinoitawo ane kazhinji uye zvakatipoteredza muchimiro anozoumbiridzwazve cavitation. Somugumisiro, pane kurasikirwa maitiro unyanzvi, kana zvinoderedza rokuvhiya zvivako. Zvinotevera ongororo woupfu kukweshera uye Anti-kukweshera zvinhu zvichatibatsira kunzwisisa nzira kuti kuderedza kunaka kukweshera. zvinhu yakadaro pachii kushandiswa uye mumaindasitiri midziyo uye musha midziyo yemagetsi, uyewo chivakwa Ezvemutauro.

Akasiyana kukweshera uye Anti-kukweshera zvinhu

Kukurukura izvi zvinhu zviri akapoteredza munhu nokuti kuti basa ravo riri chokuita wemauto chakanangana zvigadziriswe - kukweshera. Asi kana Anti-kukweshera zvinoriumba uye yokuvirisa ndivo mhosva kuderera kunokosha, mvongamupopoto - pamusoro zvinopesana, wedzera izvozvo. Saka, Somuenzaniso, chiwanikwa Nezvakakuyiwa ane zvakawedzera coefficient kuti kukweshera zvinopa abrasion nemishonga uye simba zvemaziso pamusoro chipfuro Workgroup. Kuti vabudirire ehupfumi idzi kukweshera zvinhu akaita refractory oxides, carbides, Boron, nesilicon uye vamwe. Kusiyana Anti-kukweshera okunze, mvongamupopoto kazhinji muzere dzichipfekeka okunze ari mashandiro. Izvi, kunyanya, vanogona kuva mabhureki uye batira.

Kupa dambudziko kuwedzera kukweshera, vanoita zvakafanana uye yakananga michina matambudziko. Panguva iyoyowo, kukweshera uye Anti kukweshera zvinhu asati kushandisa vanopfuura zvakaoma rabhoritari nemiedzo. alloys avo akaedzwa kuti mabhureki situ uye bhenji nemiedzo, panguva iyo vakatsunga kuti kwokugamuchirwa yavo kushandiswa uchidzidzira. Chinonyanya yemazuva ano yemhando kukweshera zvinhu zviri Polymers nhasi vari kuitwa nzira yakasiyana. Nokudaro, akaputsa bhendi mashandiro akashandisa compaction midziyo - pamafomu akaita Mapedhi, ndiro uye sectors. Bhandi zvokuvakisa dzinoitwa dzakarukwa ano, uye linings - nokukanda.

The ehupfumi pamusoro Anti-kukweshera zvinhu

Details vane Anti-kukweshera basa anofanira kuita zvakawanda zvinodiwa, kutsanangura kwavo inokosha kushanda unhu. zvinhu wokutanga anofanira Inoenderana kuberekesana zvikamu, uye nokushanda kwezvakatipoteredza. In mazwi kugarisana vasati uye pashure burnishing zvinhu zvinopa aida mwero kukweshera rutapudzo. Pano zvinofanira kucherechedzwa achimhanya-sezvo vakadaro. pfuma iyi anosarudza kuti chinhu anokwanisa sezvingatarisirwa kuchinja geometry pamusoro pemvura iri Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri chimiro kuti yakakodzera uchishandisa nzvimbo. Nemamwe mashoko, workpiece zvinodzimwa wandisa chivako pamwe nemaziso hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka, pashure iyo hutsvi-ichishanda ichapa ezvinhu shoma nesimba.

Pfeka nemishonga - Zvinokoshawo pfuma namadhimoni izvi zvinhu. Anti-kukweshera zvinhu zvinofanira kuva yakarongeka iyo chinopa nemishonga matombo siyana kusakara. Panguva iyoyowo, chinhu chacho chinofanira kuva wo vanachandagwinyira uye zvakaoma, sezvo iri nyaya kuchawedzera ngozi jamming, zvisina chinodiwa kuti Anti-kukweshera zvinhu. Uyezve, ruzivo ari oga ane pfuma yakadaro, Absorção de Água zvokufonongonwa inoramba. Chokwadi chokuti kukweshera kuti kunosiyana madhigirii, anogona kukonzera yavaive zviduku zvinhu - dzimwe nguva simbi. Uyewo antifriction pemvura anokwanisa "chifonyedzo" iri inoramba yakadaro pachavo, kubvisa kubva workspace.

Metal Anti-kukweshera zvinhu

Products kwakavakirwa resimbi vanoumba kupfuura chakarondedzera Anti-kukweshera zvinhu veboka. Vazhinji vavo pfungwa pamusoro oparesheni iri Urume kukweshera muoti, ndiko kuti, pasi ezvinhu umo mabheyaringi dzakaparadzaniswa nhete mafuta rukoko mabhanzi. Asi kana zvokurega uye kutanga muchina vanotozvikuvadza chinovapo Yaunoti muganhu kukweshera hwechiFascist, umo mafuta firimu inogona akafumuka vakuru tembiricha. Metallic zvikamu anoshandiswa akatakura mapoka inogona rakakamurwa mhando mbiri: okunze ane nyoro unaku uye zvakasimba inoisa uye alloys ane vanachandagwinyira substrate uye zvinyoronyoro inoisa. Kana isu kutaura boka rokutanga, sezvo Anti kukweshera zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa Babbitt simbi, nendarira alloys endarira. Nemhaka nyoro mamiriro, vakakurumidza yakabwinyiswa uye kwenguva yakareba havadarowo zvechadenga mafuta firimu. Ukuwo, inclusions hwakasimba ita zvakawedzera kusakara nokuda zvokuimba kuonana pedyo zvinhu - somuenzaniso, pamwe chete mugodhi.

Under aireva Babbitt chiwanikwa, izvo anoumba hwaro mutobvu kana gaba. Uyewo, nokuda kuvandudza unhu munhu ari mamiriro inogona kuwedzerwa alloying alloys. Pakati anovandudza ehupfumi anogona kutaura ngura nemishonga, zvakaoma, kusimba uye simba. Kuchinja mumwe kana mumwe hunhu kunotemwa naro alloying zvakashandiswa. Antifriction babbits anogona dzakachinjwa cadmium, nickel, mhangura, namavara akanaka uye zvakafanana. D. Somuenzaniso, mureza babbit unotora 80% mugaba kana kutungamirira, 10% namavara akanaka uye akazodzikama kuva emhangura uye cadmium.

Lead alloys senzira kurerutsa kukweshera

Basic ruzivo mutobvu kubereka alloys vari Babbitt. Affordability anosarudza chaizvo kushandisa mashoko aya - muduku nebasa mabasa. Lead hwaro zvichienzaniswa gaba babbit inopa shoma yakakwirira zvokuimba nemishonga uye pasi ngura dziviriro. Zvisinei, muna alloys kwakadaro hakusi pasina gaba - ayo kugutsikana ungasvika 18%. Uyezve, akafanana uye chakaunzwa rokuti mhangura uko chinonditadzisa panguva iyoyo pezvakaitwa - the gogonera kuparadzirwa zvigadzirwa siyana mune zvakawanda nesimbi chinovhara.

The nyore kutungamirira zvinhu pamwe antifriction ehupfumi dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira brittleness, saka vari anoshandiswa ezvinhu pamwe kwakaderedza mitoro simba. Kunyanya, mabheyaringi kuti njanji michina, locomotives uye rinorema ouinjiniya zvinoriumba vanoumba kubaya niche, apo zvinhu zvakadai dzinoshandiswa. Antifriction alloys vane karusiyamu chikumbiro MUNOGONA nadzurudzo kutungamirira alloys. Muchiitiko ichi muchimucherechedza unhu hwakadai mukuru arambe achirema uye pasi chafariz conductivity. Hwaro sezvo Mutobvu, asiwo nouchapupu zvikamu zvayo mukwanisi usanganidzo yavaibvisa, calcium namavara akanaka. Kana simba pfungwa acho, zvinosanganisira oxidation, saka mishonga vanoshingaira nhau vanoshandisa haina inokurudzirwa.

Achitaura pamusoro Babbitt, tinogona kutaura kuti izvi hazvisi inonyatsobudirira chichagadzirisa kurerutsa kukweshera, asi yose unhu zviri zvinobatsira kubva operative pfungwa maonero. Izvi zvinhu antifriction ehupfumi anogona kuzadzisa ne- akaderedza kuneta nemishonga, kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka pamusoro maatomu akafanana. Zvisinei, mune zvimwe zviitiko, kushaya simba ndanyarara hangu nokuda kwebasa pamasikiro simbi kana vakakanda housings simbi.

Features yendarira inobereka alloys

Physico-mushonga ehupfumi dzendarira vari organically pamwe zvinodiwa kuti kubereka alloys. Active simbi, zvikurukuru, zvinopa yakakwana resistivity kuverengwa pakati kumanikidzwa, mukana kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu nehana mitoro, kumhanya vachishandisa kutenderera inobereka uye zvichingodaro. D. Asi zvendarira pakusarudza akasiyana-siyana ruchabudirira chiratidzo chacho. Zvakafanana oparesheni inoisa pasi kuvhunduka mitoro kunogamuchirwa kutara BrOS30, asi hauna pachii Braze. Panewo kusiyana neboka bronzes zvinhu pamusoro zvemaziso ehupfumi. Ichi boka hunhu achavaponesa pemhando interfacing pamwe akaomesa miseve uye nokushandisa mhete, izvo vangava yokuwedzera nokuomesa. Zvakare, hatigoni kutaura pamusoro monolithic nemamiriro chiwanikwa.

Bronze vazviziva zvingasanganisirawo netini, nendarira, kutungamirira. Muchiitiko chino, kana vose nesimbi izvi zvinogona kushandiswa senzira nechigadziko Babbitt, Anti kukweshera zvinhu kwakavakirwa mhangura anoshandiswa chaizvo kashoma. Muchiitiko ichi chimwe chezvinonhuwira mhangura kazhinji anoita somunhu chinamatidzwa pamwe chete zviri 2-3% reshiyo. The optimum Tikafunga gaba-kutungamirira inclusions. Vanopa yakakwana nhamba sezvo chikamu antifriction chiwanikwa, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nziyo vanorasikirwa chokuita nomuviri simba. Aibatanidza zvinhu yendarira zvinoshandiswa anogadzira zvinhu monolithic kubereka nokuda Motors, turbines, compressor dzakabatana uye dzimwe dzakabatana izvo anoshanda yakakwirira kumanikidzwa uye pasi zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope nokukurumidza.

Upfu kukweshera zvinhu

zvinhu zvakadai zvinoshandiswa nziyo aiendeswa nokupfuuridzirwa uye braking Unit yakawana motokari, motokari, muchina maturusi kuvakwa michina uye zvakafanana. D. kugadzirwa nyaya dzinobva upfu zvinoriumba anogadzirwa muchimiro nemauto linings uye Disc Mapedhi. Panguva iyoyowo yakatsvuka zvinhu nokuda antifriction mhando chiwanikwa Nezvakakuyiwa vari kuumbwa zvakafanana Nomenclature sokune pamwe kukweshera zvinoriumba - dzinowanzotaura simbi uye mhangura, asi pane dzimwe mubatanidzwa.

Somuenzaniso, zvinhu zviri aruminiyamu uye mugaba yendarira, izvo zvinosanganisira graphite, kutungamirira zvinobudirira anozviratidza pasi kukweshera panguva zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope kumhanya nezvokuungana 50 m / s. Panzira, kana mabheyaringi ari kumhanya 5 m / s, upfu simbi nyaya inogona kutsiviwa epurasitiki mbishi zvinhu. Ndicho Anti-kukweshera ematongerwo zvinhu pamwe aida kuchinja anoshanda marongerwo uye kuderedzwa simba. Zvisinei, chinonyanya kunobatsira panyaya kushandiswa pasi kumusoro kunetseka vanonzi zvinhu zvesimbi nemhangura. The yokuvirisa vaishandisa graphite, nesilicon oxide kana barium. Job date zvinhu zvinowanikwa paImba kumanikidzwa 300 MPa uye zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope kumhanya 60 m / s.

Upfu antifriction zvinhu

Upfu mbishi zvinhu anobudiswa uye Anti-kukweshera zvigadzirwa. Ivo vanoonekwa ne mukuru vapfeke nemishonga, pasi coefficient pamusoro kukweshera uye kukwanisa kutsanya achimhanya mugodhi. Uyewo, Anti kukweshera upfu zvinhu vane nhamba zvakanakira tichienzanisa alloys kuti kuderedza kukweshera. Zvakakwana kuona kuti avo kutsungirira kuita kubudikidza avhareji kupfuura mune imwe Babbitt. The porous mamiriro inoumbwa upfu nesimbi, runoita vakarongeka impregnation lubricants.

Manufacturers mukana kuumba kwokupedzisira chigadzirwa akasiyana siyana. Inogona azviveza kana chizvaro zvikamu chete zvenguva in akazara nevamwe mbishi vagadzikana. Asi mune dzimwe nzvimbo zvikuru kudiwa Anti-kukweshera upfu zvinhu vane myagkotelnuyu chitunha hwaro. The anokosha Masero inopiwa nezvishoma akasiyana siyana kupararira. Uku kwakakosha kubva pfungwa nemaonero mukana murau pakati parameters kuziva kusimba mvongamupopoto zvikamu.

Anti-kukweshera polymer zvinhu

Modern polymeric zvinhu zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuwana zvitsva hwokugadzira uye waivako pagondobwe achideredza kukweshera. Somunhu garo anogona kushandiswa, uye anoumbwa nevazhinji alloys, uye simbi Nezvakakuyiwa. Chimwe chezvinhu chinosiyanisa zvechadenga izvi zvinhu ndiyo kukwanisa zvakaenzana kuparadzira chirungiso yose mamiriro, iyo inoramba ichishanda sezvo yakasimba mafuta. The mazita akadai zvinhu vanoti graphites, sulphides, mapurasitiki nezvimwe yeimwe. The vanoshanda ehupfumi kuti polymer zvinhu uye antifriction zvikuru wekuita nechepasi pamwero pasina modifiers: ichi coefficient duku kukweshera uye kuramba reactive runyararo, uye kukwanisa kushanda aqueous svikiro. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro yakasiyana unhu Polymers vanogona kuita mabasa avo kunyange pasina chisimbiso rinokosha girisi.

Kushandisa zvinhu kudzivirira pamusoro kukweshera

Most Anti-kukweshera zvinhu pakutanga dzaona pakushandisa kubereka mapoka. Pakati pavo vane mashoko zvakagadzirirwa kuti dzikurukure vapfeke nemishonga, uye zvinoriumba, pitikoti. In Machine uye zvinogadzirwa zvakadai zvinoshandiswa anogadzira zvinhu injini pistons sunga nokusunungura mapfundo, turbines uye zvakafanana. D. Pano hwaro consumables antifriction zvinhu vanoumba zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope mabheyaringi izvo chakaunzwa nemamiriro ose chassis uye mira zvokushandisa.

Kuvaka Indasitiri, zvakare, haisi pasina Anti-kukweshera chaitika. Kushandisa zvikamu zvakadai vanosimbiswa injiniya zvivako, nokuwedzera zvivako uye masonry zvokuvakisa. Kuvakwa njanji inoshandiswa kuisa STRUCTURAL zvenyaya rinopfungaira wemari. Common uye kushandisa antifriction zvinhu pamusoro polymeric hwaro, izvo kuwana nzvimbo yavo, zvakadai somunhu tichisunga yakarongeka pulleys, rachulis, bhandi Zvifambiso uye zvakafanana. D.

mhedziso

kukweshera kuderedza basa chete pakutanga kuaona zvingaita sokuti chesekondari uye kazhinji zvokusarudza. Improvement kuti lubricating zvinwiwa chaizvoizvo achabvisa dzimwe nzira kutsigira unyanzvi okunze, kunoderedza kupfeka pamusoro chinoumba kushanda boka. Transitive kubatana kubva dzekare babbit munhu dzakachinjwa yakakwirira mafuta vanogona kutaurwa antifriction polymeric zvinhu dzinoratidzwa manyoro marongerwo uye pakawanda tichitarisa kubasa. Kunyange zvakadaro, basa simbi panguva mukuru kumanikidzwa uye mumuviri kukanganisa achiri kunoda nechekuita mukugarisana zvokufonongonwa Anti-kukweshera Mapedhi. Uyezve, kirasi iyi nezvinhu haasi kungoshamisira midzi kare, asi anova nokuda nani simba unhu, noukukutu uye zvokuimba pakusimba.