Anglicisms mumutauro wokuRussia: nhoroondo uye maonero, mienzaniso. Kufurirwa anglicisms pamusoro mutauro wepanguva Russian

Mumwe mutauro kwavo kukura kwacho zvakasikwa yava kuita nokukwereta mashoko kubva mimwe mitauro. Kudzidza kubva ukama hwakadaro mugumisiro vokukurukura uye marudzi akasiyana-siyana uye inoti. Chikonzero nokukwereta wokumwe mutauro nokuda kushaya pfungwa zvakakodzera mune mashoko vamwe marudzi.

Mazuvano, Chirungu - international nzira yokukurukurirana. Izvi zvinonzwisisika, nokuti vaitaura Chirungu iri mberi dzimwe nzanga mabhora ose okukura. Chirungu kuburikidza neindaneti nzvimbo, zvikurukuru, network, rinobatsira kuita vanhu vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana.

Kufarira mutauro uyu akasimuka maererano kukurudzira Pop tsika. Unokwezva pamwe mabhaisikopu American, mumhanzi dzakasiyana zvitaera uye Genres zvakatungamirira kumeso okusuma Anglicisms mumutauro weRussia. Mashoko New akatanga kushandiswa zvikuru chikamu chavagari, pasinei chechikadzi uye chinzvimbo. mazwi Chirungu iri kukurumidza kuparadzira pose. In yokuRussia mutauro chaiko ano, vakabata marongera rose, asi haapfuuri 10% of zvachose mashoko.

History Anglicisms

Nhoroondo nokukwereta kubva Chirungu kupinda Russian akatanga Countdown kwayo kubva pamugumo XVI remakore, uye kusvikira zvino izvi haagumiri. Govera zvinhu 5 zvokukura kukura Anglo-Russian mutauro kudyidzana. Ivo dzinoratidzwa nezvaaitaura kare uye semantics.

History of anglicisms mumutauro Russian rinotanga paumbwe yakanyatsoti chikepe naMambo Edward VI vari chiteshi chezvikepe St. Nicholas, panguva pamuromo Northern Dvina, August 24, 1505. The British vaitsvaka musika, saka nyika mbiri vakatanga akasimba uye zvakanaka nguva kukurukurirana. Language contactsGoogle dzinoratidzwa nedzenyu uye zvokutengeserana ukama. Panguva iyoyo, rakanga rakumbirwa rokuti matanho, zvikero, mari zviumbu, marudzi kero uye mazita okuremekedza kwemazita (paundi, shilling, va, changamire).

Danho II inowanzodeedzwa Petrine yaitonga. Nemhaka kuchinja Peter I, midzi ukama inoti dzakawanda dzeEurope, zviri kushingaira akatanga kuparadzira tsika, dzidzo, pave mugungwa uye zvehondo. Panguva iyi mumutauro Russian kupinda mashoko 3,000 vemamwe mavambo. Pakati pavo paiva vanenge 300. Anglicisms vakanga kunyanya chikwereti mashoko kuti chokuita zvomumvura uye munyaya nemauto (chikepe, Abrahamu), mhuri duramazwi (Pudding, punchi, flannel), uyewo kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzaishandiswa, unyanzvi, mabhuku, zvesainzi. Vazhinji akatorwa pamusoro Mutauro inoratidza zviitiko uye pezvakaitwa kwete kare anozivikanwa Russian.

Stage III akamuka nokuda intensification kumaAnglo-Russian ukama pakupera XVIII remakore chokuita zvibereko neEngland nomukurumbira munyika. Akapinda mutauro mutambo uye michina mazwi (mutambo, nhabvu, hockey, njanji), mashoko kubva zvoupenyu evanhu ukama, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvoupfumi (dhipatimendi, erevheta, Square, bhachi, trolley). Kupera chikuva kuonekwa pakati XIX remakore.

Stage IV dzinoratidzwa zvakadzama Russian kujairirana England uye America, pfungwa kubatana mune mabhuku uye nounyanzvi. Rakapinda mumba mutauro vakawanda anglicisms zvinotevera Category mapoka: kare, chitendero, unyanzvi, mitambo, mhuri uye socio-enyika bhora.

Stage V zvikwereti (kuguma XX remakore - nhasi). Mune mashoko vanhu Russian magamuchira mapoka akasiyana okuti: Bhizimisi (notibhuku, bheji, timer, murongi), zvizorwa (concealer, kuita-kumusoro, vachisimudza ruomba), mazita ndiro (hampurilainen, chisburger).

Nhasi, dzakawanda dzakakurumbira loanwords zvinopfuura mabhuku uye kutaurirana nenyanzvi. The mashoko aishandiswa vezvenhau uye kushambadza, kazhinji zvisingambonzwisisiki kune vanhuwo murume ari mumugwagwa uye vakasikwa kuti zivo inokosha Chirungu. Zvisinei Anglicism muna Russian - romuzvarirwo, uye mune dzimwe nhoroondo nguva, kunyange kwakakodzera.

Zvinokonzera anglicisms muna Russian

Pakutanga ari XX remakore, nyanzvi dzemitauro zhinji vakadzidza zvinokonzera kupinda dzimwe mutauro nemashoko. Chero Anglicism mumutauro wokuRussia, maererano P. Rat, rinowanika nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinotevera:

1. vanofanira zita kutanga zvitsva kana chinhu.

2. vanofanira kusiyana pedyo zvakakwana, asi zvakadaro pfungwa yakasiyana.

3. Kuita rokuti hwakasimba chinhu chimwe pfungwa, kwete mashoko mashoma vakabatana.

4. kudiwa kupatsanurwa pfungwa nokuda kwezvinangwa chaizvo kana nharaunda.

5. Relevance, mukurumbira, kutaura yokumwe pfungwa.

Zvikonzero nokukwereta pamusoro Anglicisms muna Russian ano chaizvoizvo yakakura kupfuura. Mumwe wavo ndechokuti kuwedzera nhamba wokuRussia kutaura vanhu Chirungu. Panyaya iyi, kushandisa mutauro vatorwa chiremera unhu uye dzakakurumbira zvirongwa akapawo kurudziro simba kuti chitange izvi.

panowanikwa anglicisms

Sezvo kare aratidzwe, nokukwereta wokumwe mutauro - nzira inokosha huchiita kuti mutauro, chikonzero chacho kukura uye nokushanda. VM Aristova mubasa ravo akaongorora 3 chokutambudzika Chirungu Mutauro mumutauro Russian:

1. Kupinda. Panguva iyi, chete shoko vakakwereta anopinda mutauro uye ajairane dzemunharaunda mutauro wokuRussia.
2. Kuitwa. Danho iri kunoratidzwa kuitwa chevarwere Mabviro, ndizvo apo kusetsa kugutsikana shoko izere pedyo-inorira kana zvakafanana kureva kuti pfungwa.
3. Rooting. Pakupedzisira Danho Anglicism mumutauro wokuRussia iri zvachose nezviripo uye uchipinda kushandiswa. The itsva pfungwa zvinotora pamusoro siyana mabhora tsika, pane chidimbu uye cognates.

Kuitwa zviri anglicisms muna Russian

Mashoko New zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinja kuti mutauro gadziriro yose. Izvi zvinonzi kuitwa, ndiko kuitwa. Dzidza uye ongorora zvikwereti zvakakodzera kuti zvakazara kuongorora bhuku mashoko matsva uye muitiro wayo kwadzakabva.

Anglicisms ari mwero kuitwa mutauro wokuRussia akasiyana pamusoro zvakazara kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu, zvishoma kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu, unassimilated.

kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu Fully - mashoko anoenderana netsika dzose mutauro uye vachinzwisisa sezvo chizvarwa vakurukuri, nezaimstvovannye mashoko (mitambo, zvinosetsa, firimu, kuti mutikitivha).

Zvishoma kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu - dzidziso, Chirungu akasara nomunyorero wavo uye emashoko. Kazhinji, mashoko aya zviripo mutauro hakusi kare, saka avo kugaya kwacho kunopfuurira. boka iri rakakamurwa nemitemo yomutauro vakadzidza uye zvakajeka (DJ, Smiley, zvokudya yokutsanya, Freestyle).

Unassimilated - mashoko dzisina aizvinzwisisa ne mutauro nokukwereta. boka iri Angasanganisira pfungwa kuti dzinoratidza muupenyu kunobva nyika (mari, vakadzi, Jazz).

Matambudziko makuru ari kudzidza borrowings

The dambudziko pakatanga Anglicisms zvikuru dzinopesana. Mamwe mashoko anoshandiswa chete nekuti kwakapiwa munhu craze. Vamwe, nekusiyana, vane kubatsirawo, huchiita uye kureva kutaura Russian.

Pane zvinotevera matambudziko ari kudzidza borrowings:

1. Ziva nzira idzo kudzidza mashoko matsva.
2. The kudzidza paumbwe anglicisms.
3. Kuziva zvinokonzera chitarisiko chavo.
4. Nezvinodzidziswa zvikwereti kuti akasiyana ukama.
5. Kurambidzwa pakushandisa zvikwereti.

Kugadzirisa matambudziko aya, nyanzvi dzemitauro tsvakai chii ezvinhu vari Anglicisms nei izvo, uyo anosika uye kuti kwadzakabva kune Russian duramazwi.

Akarurama uye sakodzera Anglicisms

Hapana refu Zvange vatsigiri uye vavengi anglicisms. Kudivi rimwe, pfungwa itsva kupfumisa uye kutsivira mutauro wokuRussia. Kune vamwe - kurwisa mutauro waamai kunonzwisiswa kuva ngozi kune rudzi. Nyanzvi dzemitauro dzinounzwa Anglicism 2 mapoka: musoro uye asinganzwisisi.

Nokuti vanonzi dzinosanganisira pfungwa hariko mumutauro weRussia. Muchiitiko chino, nokukwereta sokunge zadza maburi. Somuenzaniso: pafoni, chocolate, galoshes.

For rusina borrowings zvinosanganisira mashoko akanga akatosarudzwa muchiso mazita, uye pashure kupinda mumutauro yeRussia kwakakurumbira. Ava Anglicisms Russian shanduro, asi vanhu vanoshandisa vavatorwa, ayo pasina mubvunzo matambudzo nyanzvi dzemitauro, sezvo mashoko aya kuonekwa nomukaka. Mienzaniso inosanganisira Jeep, manapukeni, Copier.

Kubatwa nzanga kukwereta mashoko

Evanhu vemazuva ano, Chirungu mazwi razova chinhu chiri chikamu chakakosha mutauro wokuRussia. Relevant ndiwo mubvunzo kuti mafungiro Russian muvanhu kuti nokukwereta kwakadaro.

Anglicisms ari Russian mutauro kuparadzirwa ne yose mwero rinoshandisirwa munyaya zvose mabasa evanhu, rinoshandiswa nokuda kwemashoko mashoko akarurama. Vamwe Mashoko aya anoshandiswa yakamanikana yeChina nenyanzvi, saka nyore, untrained munhu anogona kunzwisisa pakarepo zvaireva.

muitiro nokukwereta zvinokunetsa kusanganisira munhuwo vagari. Zvisinei, yatova kusingarapiki, sezvo Anglicisms mumutauro ano Russian iri kuramba zvinopfuura mutauro, kunyanya muminda upfumi, ano uye zvematongerwo enyika.

Level mashoko Chirungu

Sezvambotaurwa, nzanga kazhinji anoshandisa mukutaura rakumbirwa mashoko ake. Achishingaira kunoratidzwa vechiduku chizvarwa. Vakaperekedza Sociological zveBhaibheri zvakawanda, yakavakirwa izvo zvinotevera mhedziso zvinogona kuitwa:

1. Vazhinji vechidiki vakaongororwa vakati kuti nhasi hazvibviri kuita pasina anglicisms. Zvisinei, zviri pachena kugoverana chikwereti uye chokutanga shoko Russian.
2. Basa muduku chizvarwa yokukwereta kwakaratidzwa kukura noruzivo rwemakombiyuta uye zvokushandisa, Indaneti uye network.
3. Panyaya iyi, vose vaduku vanhu kazhinji havanzwisisi chikwereti mashoko akashandiswa nhau, vezvematongerwo enyika uye zvoupfumi bhora.
4. Zvichireva isingazivikanwi Anglicisms akasarudzwa chete pamusoro associative chechetere.

mienzaniso Anglicism

Anglicisms mumutauro wokuRussia, mienzaniso izvo dzaitaurwa tafura vakasununguka kudzidza uye ongororo inowanzopiwa rakakamurwa munzvimbo dzakawanda.

denderedzwa	mienzaniso Anglicism
political	The Hurumende, meya, mutevedzeri
zvoupfumi	Bhuroka, inivhesitimendi munyengeri
unyanzvi	Theater, rwiyo, dhanzi
nesayenzi	Metal, magnesium, renyeredzi
Sports	Sports, nevolleyball, kugwinya
vechitendero	Wemamongi, ngirozi
kombiyuta	Phone, nechidzitiro, Website, faira
mumhanzi	The njanji, mumwe remake of Soundtrack
mhuri	Bus, shasha, jasi, juzi, peeling
nepagungwa zvikonzero	Navigator, chikepe
vezvenhau	Content Sponsor, nehurukuro chokuratidza, mharidzo

List kuti anglicisms mumutauro Russian wakakura zvakakwana. borrowings All kubva Chirungu dzinoturwa muduramanzwi Dyakova A. I.

The peculiarity tishandise anglicisms mune zvenhau

Vezvenhau kuita basa rinokosha mukupararira chikwereti mashoko. Kuburikidza venhau, TV uye Indaneti Mutauro chinopinda kupinda zuva nokutaura kwavanhu.

All Anglicisms kuti anoshandiswa vezvenhau inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikwata 3:

- Mutauro, izvo kwakafanana mumutauro Russian (somuenzaniso, shoko zvichiongororwa, kureva, vachiongorora);

- pfungwa dzisina kare aripo (semuenzaniso, nhabvu);

- Mutauro, rakadhindwa Chirungu (somuenzaniso, Shop Go, Glance).

Zvinoitwa anglicisms muna Russian

Nokupfupikisa zvose pamusoro, zvinokuchengetedzai kutaura kuti kufurirwa anglicisms pamusoro mutauro akararama Russian ane zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa. Kusuma nokukwereta zvirokwazvo zvakafanira, asi izvozvo hazvifaniri kuva clogging mutauro. Kuti aite izvi, kuti unzwisise zvinorehwa anglicisms uye kushandiswa kana zvakakodzera chete. Chete ipapo mutauro wokuRussia pachava.

Kudzidza pezvakaitwa nokukwereta iri kufarira yokungotaura uye zvinobatsira. Anglicisms ari Russian mutauro, nhoroondo uye maonero, zvinhu zvavo kushandisa - dambudziko zvikuru kunzwisisa, rinoda mberi pakudzidza kutanga audzwa.