Afunge nemagetsi network: zvekushandisa nokurondedzerwa, kugadzwa uye nokutumwa

Paivakwa itsva hutachiwana mitsetse, transformer substations uye gadziridzo, kuwedzera, kunenge itsva hwokugadzira rinoreva kutanga akaita akaitwa magetsi network. Vanodhirowa, zvirongwa, mutoro Masvomhu yaitwa kufungisisa huripo mitemo. Mitemo kugovera zvinodiwa kuti pave yakavimbika nokushanda network, ancillary dzakabatana uye zvivako, ichipa vatengi pamwe vakachengeteka, Kusimudzira hwokugadzira kuita uye unhu hwavo magetsi simba. To dzemagetsi network zvinosanganisira mitsetse ayo dzinofambiswa ne dzomumaguta uye okurima vatengi, kusanganisira ruzhinji utilities, mabhizimisi uye masangano maindasitiri, mhuri uye netsika bhora.

Zvinodiwa kuti dzemagetsi network okurima rakawanda

Kutungamirirwa Kugadzirwa vokumaruwa vatengi dzemagetsi kunyanya chine mibvunzo mitsetse mudziyo 35-110 KW. Vari kwakavakirwa sectional mitsetse chete voltage kwemutariri huru uye dzekuno kuchengeterwa, kushanda zvakaoma transformer substations. Line pamwe yakawiriranwa kuchengeterwa zvokudya kubva mazano substations siyana. Kana simba riri zvinoberekwa chete transformer, ivo dzemunharaunda ose muzvigadzirwa magadzirirwe nemagetsi network inobvumira riine dzakasiyana hurongwa mumwe substation. negadziriro yeparutivi simba kubatana, kana zvakakodzera, kwaita.

New substation pasi kuvakwa kubatana OSG unoshanda substation crosscuts simba mitsetse kana mapazi zano, kufungisisa zvinoita aivapo samambure bandwidth. Kana yekare uye itsva mitsetse vanotevera yakafanana, unozvitaura nyaya kuchinjwa kumbova transformer kuti yepamusoro voltage.

Zvinodiwa kuti transformer substations

Substation transformer michina inopiwa kushandiswa maindasitiri kugadzira zvikamu zvizere kwakakwana uye namahwindo mhando, yakavakwa nezvidhinha, kongiri mabhuroko uye ukomba.

Gwaro anoteya rakabatana magadzirirwo mureza zvinoriumba vanobvumirwa kugadzira mano kuti vari pasi maindasitiri budiriro kana pakukurukura wavo kunoitika panguva apo installation inotanga. Afunge nemagetsi network rinoreva rairatidza mapepa pakukurukura. Havabvumirwi zvakasiyana-siyana hukuru yaishandiswa kuvaka zvivako, risingamboshandisi nhamba.

Zvisarudzo dzinoitwa pachishandiswa dzemagetsi parameters ose mari zvakagadzirwa zvirongwa pashure kuenzanisa embodiments akawanda. Zvatinofarira unopiwa kune akagadzira, iro rinopa rakadzika mutengo. Technical parameters ose nemagetsi network vakasarudzwa maererano nesimba nokuyerera vose kushanda modes.

Zvinofungidzirwa Nokurasikirwa vanobviswa kwakavakirwa zvinobvumidzwa netsika voltage anodonhedza panguva Inlet uye elektopriemnika zvinobvumidzwa voltage chakarurama ari nechepakati wedzerai hurongwa. Kana hwokugadzira Data kuti kuverenga pakati bvumidzwa nezvinhu hatisi, nokuti kukarukureta kuti matunhu neminisiparati network kutora mari voltage 8%, kugadzirwa mitsetse - 6,5%, zvipfuwo mapurazi - 4% of aizviti parameter.

Mutoro tsunga kufunga zvose magetsi vatengi izvo zvokudya kubva akagadzira transformer. Mitoro vanobviswa netarisiro makore 10, chikamu tsanangudzo waya uye waya iri kwemakore 5 kubva musi nokutumwa. Kana chirongwa wakambovata kwemakore matatu uye haina chinozoiswa, kuvakwa dzemagetsi network pamusoro haisi kuitwa, humboo zvinyorwa zviri akaongororwa.

Rakavimbika magetsi zvitengeswa zviratidzi

Electroreceivers dzisiri zvokurima vatengi, tichiverenga zvokurima nyika network vakakamurwa muzvikamu zvichienderana rakavimbika magetsi zvitengeswa zvinodiwa. Kuvimbika zvaanoda woga woga vari yakataurwa departmental mapepa uye pakutsvaga mhando User chiyamuro mudziyo.

Design pamusoro vokumaruwa yemagetsi samambure kunoenderana muchikwata yevatengi okurima kugadzirwa, matunhu neminisiparati uye neimba zvokuyamura. Division pamusoro muchikwata 1 ne2 anopiwa muchimiro mazita ari methodological mirayiridzo kuitira magetsi kupurazi simba vatengi.

Kana vatengi hamusi pamazita, vari kunzi Category 3. Power zvitengeswa inopiwa kune mhando mbiri transformers maviri kuchinjaniswa, vasingatungamirirwi nomumwe pakutanga. Putsai zvavo magetsi wedzerai hakurevi kusapfuudza nguva zvaitika simba chokudzorerwa. Kuti aite izvi, iwe kupinda mutengi akagovera kugadzwa otomatiki negadziriro yeparutivi.

Centralized simba zvitengeswa inopa yechipiri simba panobva ari muchimiro substation pamwe transformers maviri kana zvikamu zviviri matai zvakafanana substation. Kana mutengi iri kure kuwana, ipapo akaisa transformer standalone negadziriro yeparutivi. Nokuti chimbichimbi zvemagetsi wedzerai negadziriro yeparutivi mugamuchiri pamusoro Mapato maviri okutanga, izvo hazvivabvumiri zvinovhiringidza pamusoro maawa 0.5, magadzirirwe zvemagetsi samambure inopa negadziriro yeparutivi kunobva ebetsero wedzerai simba pasinei freelance pamusoro pepfungwa pemitsara.

General mitemo

Design uye chikamu rinovaka pamusoro tenzi urongwa rinoitwa kufungisisa mugumo-pfungwa substation iri pakutsvaga ezvinhu nemaonero panguva zvakagadzirwa. Afunge dzemagetsi network rinoitwa maererano dzemunharaunda kweNyika Code. mapepa aya anosanganisira sarudzo kanzuru yakakodzera nenhanho caffeine munyika kubva varidzi kuti pakuvaka simba zvivako.

Afunge nemagetsi network uchishandisa zvinotevera mashoko:

• Zvinorayirwa yevatengi kubatanidza substation kuti afoot;
• electroreceivers zvinodiwa kana zvakabatana kuna Utilities;
• Zvinorayirwa nyika varidzi chokuita transformer uye network;
• mitemo mapurani uye nokuronga mhinduro;
• Takudzai nokuparadzirwa kwavo maererano nzendo kuvandudzika substation kwakavakirwa voltage uye Mapato ose vanoshandisa;
• hwokugadzira Data pamusoro mutoro muganhu transformer;
• nokukosha mashoko ari zvachose simba transformers uye nokuwanda;
• zvinodiwa pakuvaka panaakabatanidzwa pamwechete redunhu;
• nzira nokugadzirisa voltage pamusoro mabhazi transformer substation.

Sources pamusoro apa mashoko

Electric simba nerubatsiro nokuda pamusoro zvinodiwa anoshandisa magwaro anotevera:

• simba Dunhu simba mitsetse uye michina zvechadenga kwokunze simba zvitengeswa Zvivako;
• Technical mamiriro kubatanidza simba kambani;
• Documentation kurasira rangano pakuvaka;
• hwokugadzira parameters ari pamugove weboka mutengi.

Kana pasina mukana yokuwana mashoko kubva chikuru manyuko, kana yechinyakare ruzivo, vashandi ouinjiniya kuti anodiwa Masvomhu uye kuona zvisipo mashoko munguva pre-kuvaka danho.

Design pamusoro nemagetsi network uye hurongwa, chafariz simba miti inosanganisira zvinotevera zvivako uye zvivako:

• maindasitiri kwakavakirwa uye okudhindira, chivako chikuru, zvemagetsi zvivako, midziyo uye mvura kudziyisa gadziriro, gasi uye zvivako huni mafuta;
• chivakwa uye kuvaka uye ebetsero maindasitiri zvivako, launchers boilers, kuchengetwa yakakomberedzwa, administrative uye utility dzimba, okudhindira uye mafuta zvekupfakira;
• kutsigira zvivako, njanji, pazviteshi, depots, mumagaraji;
• wastewater kurapwa miriwo, inodiwa, nzira, migwagwa, mapindu, kwenguva zvivako uye bhomba matumba.

Design mabasa vari kuitwa vanachiremba dzakakwirira unyanzvi yakati sandara, gwaro rinopa kuti mukuru-Kushanda mano uye michina. Technical mhinduro dzinobva kupa yakavimbika, mari mari uye mari akaramba kushanda.

Muzvigadzirwa midziyo iri uye chokuita zvimiso yakakunakira kuvariritira uye kugadzira, chishuwo zvizere Mechanisation uye rutapudzo pakati mugove Chinyorwa basa. Mirayiridzo yokugadzira magetsi network zvinoda Positioning mukamuri wevashandi uye cabins kunzvimbo vakaparadzana madziro kushanda michina. Inside kuisa zvikwepa zvokugadzira zvinhu chinangwa, kunze kwemvura, tsvina, kudziyisa uye kufefetedza.

Control uye kushandisa michina

Mazuva simba zvinomera anopiwa nzira dzokudzora nokushandiswa kunoitwa zvoga kudzora hurongwa unokubvumira kuronga basa ane kure pfungwa, chinja dzemaitirwe kushandiswa, zvichikurukura, dziviriro, nechimbichimbi kukurukurirana. Makuriro rokudzora kushandisa mubasa racho maererano nemirayiridzo iri departmental nhungamiro.

The vhoriyamu kutarisirwa oparesheni akatsunga kwakavakirwa mirayiridzo kushandisa michina, basa pezvakaitwa panguva startup, mira uye munoremedza rokuchinja nomumwe dzakabatana kana yose hurongwa. Automatic kuzvidzora nzvimbo kupa mhando dzakasiyana: simba rokudzora mufurati, simba mitsetse uye transformers crosslinked.

simba Modular dzinodzorwa kubva nechepakati Kuparadzirwa bhodhi tsindirana inomira ebetsero kuzvidzora ukomba kwakavakirwa zvakafanana mira zvivako compressor substation.

Mitambo panyika dziviriro

Electrical substations dziri pamusoro nyika private matunhu neminisiparati nharaunda maererano mutemo wenyika mitemo, dzakaunganidzwa mabasa ari kudzivirirwa zviwanikwa, kuvaka Codes uye nemirayiro. Uise nzvimbo ramangwana anosarudzwa pachishandiswa tichisunga kuti zano aivapo kuronga uye tenzi zano maindasitiri vachida.

Afunge zvenharaunda yemagetsi afoot rikauya kupiwa chokwadi kuti urongwa magetsi network uye substations vanoshandisa vasiri okurima nyika kushandiswa, uye vakaderera yauinayo. Under kuvaka unotemwa uye kuchengetwa topsoil, iyo vakabva ipfupi isingabereki nyika.

Varidzi zvinobatanidzwa nzvimbo pasi nekuripira kushandisa yekurima. Kana uchiona nyika kwenguva pfupi kushandiswa kunoitika, munguva yemberi, izvi pasi yechipiri ivhu kurimwa. Zvivako panguva yakasarudzwa kuti kuvakwa simba dzemapurisa dziri zvishoma rikunde mudziyo ancillary mabasa mu multi-storey zvivakwa. Zvivako zvitsva regai kuvhara huripo maindasitiri uye neimba zvinhu.

Design simba pakugoverwa network zvichinyatso enderana pamwe dzemunharaunda rokuvaka arambe achirema, hwakapiwa SNIP. Akariritira basa racho nzvimbo kuwedzera mune ramangwana magetsi network anotsanangurwa maererano chacho Specification uye feasibility zvidzidzo. Dzinoungana dota gang nenzvimbo dzokurasira vari dzaona kufungisisa mberi kushandiswa zvokuvakisa fetiraiza ari National upfumi.

Uye mugwagwa pamasuo kuti zvivako substation Kutarisira projected padenga chete kanyika munyika abudise, utilities, kudziyisa mains mitsetse, mvura uye mapaipi migero akaronga yakabatana isiri Achitambanudzira pombi regai kutyora miganhu munyika zvokurima.

Security airspace

Nokuti chinangwa ichi, mukugadzirwa chirongwa inopa mabasa uye anokosha mano kuunza pasi guruva uye zvinokuvadza ari pamusoro-pasi rukoko zvomumhepo nhanho utsanana dzemunharaunda. Izvi ezvinhu inopiwa muna siyana zviratidzo zviri transformer substation, kusanganisira zvepamusoro simba marongero.

Matanho kuchengetedza miviri mvura

Akavaka mvura kurapwa zvivako kudzivirira mvura miviri pakusvibiswa ingress kuti tsvina. zvinhu izvi dzinovakwa inobva utsanana dzemunharaunda. A muitiro chokubata nemaindasitiri mvura anosarudzwa zvichienderana dzakananga anodawo zvemupiro zvakagadzirirwa chirimwa. High-voltage mitsetse kuvaka pamusoro mirayiro waiti iri kure reservoirs.

On munzira kuchenesa kukanganiswa norudzi midziyo yaishandiswa uye simba rayo. Guide kwadzinoita kushandiswa, mhando peturu, nzira achibvisa zvibereko combustion, kutonhora maitiro, ari okunze, uye vamwe kuita. Projected okuyerera effluent iri chikwata pamwe kuminamato paruzhinji utano zvokuongorora, kudzivirirwa madziva hove uye vamwe miviri.

Transport mufambo

Transport yomunyika uye zvokunze kufamba nhumbi kushanda substation akagadzirirwa pachishandiswa fananidzo unyanzvi uye zvoupfumi zviratidzi zvaungasarudza. Used conveyor, njanji, mvura, mugwagwa kana mhepo senga. Delivery vashandi kubva dzokugara kusvikira kushanda munzvimbo pedyo kupfuura vakarongeka nzira yokufambisa, vachibvumira kupedza mudukusa nguva.

Zvokufambisa kwenhumbi vakatakurwa pamusoro transformer substations dziri munzvimbo maindasitiri dzoga, kunoenderana mukuru Zano aivapo chokufambisa modes uye chirongwa kukura nzira ramangwana nguva. It kunoitika kungoreva pamwe zvifambiso pamwe pedyo emakambani raivapo uye projected.

Mabiko, kukurukura uye kuchengetera mafuta emotokari, gasi mafuta

The daily chinodiwa kuti kudziyisa rinowanikwa kubva nokushanda bhaira panguva dzekudya inokwana 20 uchishandisa maawa. Kana kufungwa avhareji tembiricha iri coldest mwedzi kwegore, ipapo kukarukureta rinoitwa kwemaawa 24. Power miti uchishanda hwakasimba huni, hwaiitirwa chiedza-kuvakwa. Kana akashandisa Hot mvura yepamusoro boilers, upfumi hwavo unobatanidzwa pamwe kumusoro mudziyo.

Afunge zvemagetsi zvebhizimisi network anobva nerubatsiro huni mafuta bhaira kubvira chikuru kana yechipiri mafuta mafuta chikwata. Kana chinotsva huru akagovera kushandiswa gasi, sezvo chikamu bhaira chakagadzirirwa gasi kudzora pfungwa. Kuparadzira chikwata iri mundima substation ari oga chivako kana pasi pedenga.

mafuta gasi kuparadzwa vagara vandifungira pakuverenga kufadza chokubuda vose boilers. Eyeliner gasi rinoitwa aparadzane nomumwe kugoverwa pfungwa, standby liner vari akaronga. Kuwanda rokudzora vezvikwata nerimwe Kuparadzirwa pfungwa inopa mamwe inova negadziriro yeparutivi imwe.

Power miti yakanyatsoiswa pamwe muvaravara upfumi transformer uye turbine nemafuta. Farm zvinosanganisira kuchengeta yakachena uye aipedza chigadzirwa matangi, kupomba mudziyo, vachiyanikira mudziyo, nokuderedza midziyo. Panguva potting transformers vaishandisa Mobile decontamination chirimwa, senitrogen kana akadzivirira firimu zvinhu. The yakaoma substation akagadzawo inokwana mafuta mana turbine uye transformer, matangi maviri oga kuriritira kuchengetera muchina mafuta lubrication.

musha magetsi purojekiti

Iyo purogiramu inokura kunze kwekugadzirisa magetsi emagariro ekugara uye evanhu, mukati memaikirwo haana kuiswa mune zvayo. Mishonga inofanirwa yakagadzirirwa kushamwaridzana magetsi emagetsi nevhidhiyo. Kana nzvimbo yezvivako zvechivanze ichiri kure nemhinduro yakakwana, zvino chirongwa chacho chinovandudzwa tichifunga nezvekuchinja uku.

Basa rekugadzirisa magetsi yeimba yacho rinonyanya kushandiswa muzvivako zvitsva, umo kambani yekuvaka inofanirwa kuita nhamba shoma yehutano hunoenderana. Pane shanduro yeprojekti, iyo inonzi munhu mumwe nomumwe, inobvumira kuisa mukukudziro kwekunze, mukati uye mune simba rezvemari. Iko mari yemagetsi inoita kuti zvikwanisike kushandiswa kwekutaurirana uye mafungiro emhepo.

Nzira yekunyora kwechirongwa

Iko purogiramu yemagetsi kugadziriswa kweimba yacho inobva pamamiriro ekugadzira. Izvo zvakagadzirwa nemumiriri wemugetsi wemagetsi, iyo inoshandiswa kuendeswa kusangano. Tsamba yacho inoti:

• Zita uye kero yepamutemo yeimba;
• Izvo zvakagadzirwa zvinokosha zvevhiri;
• Nhamba yakatarwa zviratidzo;
• Rudzi rwekubatanidza voltage;
• Inoratidza kutungamirirwa kwekushandisa simba, somuenzaniso kupisa uye kugadzira mvura inopisa.

Mukuwedzera kune chikumbiro, chirongwa chakawanda chesaiti, zvinyorwa pfuma, zvibvumirano zvemabasa zvakapoteredzwa.

Mukupedzisa, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kushanda kweprojekti kunoda kuwanika ruzivo rwezvesayenzi uye reisense, saka, nyanzvi dzekambani yezvigadziro dziri kuita mukunyora magwaro, purojekiti chete haisi kuitwa.