A mhinduro mevira paakapa zvidhina: zvakamisa hurongwa, kukura, kugadzirira

Zvakanaka kugadzirira mhinduro kuti masonry muchoto akaita nezvidhina - ichi ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha ezvinhu vakabudirira zvechokwadi pakuvaka chacho. Vanhu vakawanda kazhinji hazvitsivi zvakakwana kuteerera pfungwa iyi, somugumisiro kwavo yakamira muchoto refu, uye dzimwe nguva havagoni kushanda zvakanaka. Ndokusaka munyaya ino tichakurukura muudzame sei kuti zvakanaka akaita mhinduro kuti masonry muchoto akaita nezvidhina, uye kuti zvinofanira kukurukurwa kuitira chitofu akanga akavimbika chaizvo uye yakasimba.

Chii chichaitika?

Panguva kuripisa yamavira hunodiwa Kazhinji anenge matatu migomo kuti mhinduro pa zana zvidhina. Kazhinji, munhu zvakanaka mhinduro kuti masonry zvidhina echoto ane yunifomu sezvamunoita, uye nokudaro anofanira kukurira tembiricha kusvika 1000 ^{° C} pasina deformation. Nyanzvi vanoshanda kwenguva refu mumunda ichi, kunaka ivhu kuti kugadzirwa pasina dambudziko inotoda pakutsvaga kubata, uye masonry majoini akaita aine Ukobvu vanenge 4 mm. Kana zvichiita mukobvu ari vazvo, kuitwa masonry zvidhina echoto havazokwanisi kupikisa dzakakwirira tembiricha kuchaparara, zvichiguma nokuumbwa makatsemuka izvo kuchidzikira vaise uye kuwedzera huni rinodyiwa. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, hatigoni kutaura kuti matambudziko aya anozoguma kutungamirira kuti ngozi kusunungurwa carbon monoxide muimba yokutandarira, izvo zvinogona kumutsa zvikuru nemigumisiro.

Ndinofanira kufunga?

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha nemitemo chitofu-waro zvinotevera: shoma ivhu rinoshandiswa masonry, dzakanga achava kwayo unhu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ivhu pachahwo anokudzwa chivakwa zvinhu, sezvo inogona vakavhiyiwa kunyange avo vanhu vasina kuita zvinhu nenyanzvi uye pfungwa hazvina unyanzvi akakodzera. Pakadaro, kana masonry rinoitwa pamusoro mhinduro esimende, umo nyaya zvichaita zvinozondiomera gujunura nayo pasina zvakakomba nezvinhu, saka sei kuti dhaka rokuvaka unprofessional munhu achiri zvakaoma, asi zviri zvikuru kwakaoma zvakanaka kuvaka zvose. Clay mhinduro inokupai, kana zvichikodzera, nekukatanura nyore nevira asina tsvina. In nedanho kugadziriswa sezvo nezvidhinha uye vamwe kuvaka zvinhu, iro rinoshandiswa paakapa ivhu mhinduro, nguva dzose akaramba.

Ndinofanira zvokuwedzera?

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinokwanisika kuwedzera simba mhinduro kushandiswa, kana kushandisa unyanzvi zvokuwedzera, asi chaizvoizvo hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti makore 100 apfuura, hapana yokuvirisa vakadaro havasi kushandiswa, asi vira, iyo kwaibva chaiyo pamusoro ivhu mhinduro, nokutendeka achishumira vanhu kwemakore zana kana kupfuura, kuti agadzirire mhinduro paakapa zvidhinha kubva ivhu - harisi basa rakaoma kudaro, kunyange kana vaifanira kuita zvose zvinobvira zvakanaka uye zvinobudirira. Pakadaro, kana waizogona zvakanaka kugadzirira zvose zvokubikisa kuita ivhu mhinduro haudi chero yokuvirisa, uye dzave siyana mune iyi zviri nyore kuchengeteka mambure.

Zvinofanira kuva?

Kuvaka yakavimbika zvechokwadi muovheni akaita nezvidhina, zvakakodzera kushandisa mapurasitiki chaizvo, asi zvakanakisisa "mafuta" mhinduro. Pakadaro, kana zviri chakakomba kuti overdo pamwe "mafuta" chemhinduro pashure kwokupedzisira vachiyanikira zvakakwana wakaderedzwa zvakasimba bhuku kana kunyange anogona kutsemuka. Panguva iyoyowo, "dzakaonda" mhinduro haangatenderi kuzadzisa zvinodiwa simba, mauri Magadzirirwo kuvimbika zvikuru.

Clay nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi agadzirise vanosiyana plasticity uye mafuta, zvinokosha kuziva kuti pane deposits dzevhu, mhinduro iyo chakagadzirwa kwomuzvarirwo mafuta tigutsikane kunyange tisina jecha. Tinowanzofunga kusanganisa zviviri kana kunyange matatu mhando dzevhu, izvo akatorwa kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana panguva imwe chete, asi hazvisi zvakakwana kuchengeta yakaoma chipimo chemushonga.

Sei nokusanganisa?

Pakutanga, mhinduro kubatane nekuita kuti masonry zvidhina echoto rinoitwa munyika yakaoma mamiriro, asi zvino anovhara zvichiguma musanganiswa nemvura. Kana ivhu zvaizova jikichira pane kurongwa, mune mhinduro mberi akawedzera kuti jecha mune mari kubva-hafu kune zvikamu zvishanu zvichienderana vhoriyamu. Vakawanda reshiyo jecha nevhu kuti kare kugadzirira mhinduro reshiyo 1: 1 kana 2: 1. Mvura akawedzera anenge kota yaipedzerwa ivhu.

Unofanira kurangarira kuti pakurapa zara mafuta nevhu vanofanira kushandisa yakakura yakawanda jecha, uye chinofanira kuva chefurawa-grained kwazvo, pasina chero netsvina. Pakutanga, jecha riri sifted nokungwarira kuburikidza nesefa wakaisvonaka, uye kubva dzakaonda chaizvo ivhu kubvisa zvose jecha zvakawandisa.

How kuongorora unhu?

Kune vazhinji nzira sei kuongorora unhu nevhu. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kazhinji, asi zvaunoda kutengeserana nyanzvi vanokwanisa kuona unhu kungotaura pamusoro dhaka nokuda masonry pashure kubika.

Nokuti vanhu vasingatendi dzidzira munharaunda iyi, nyore nzira iri pakuumba bhora akaita kunze mhinduro dzaro mupumburu pasi. Pakadaro, kana bhora anopararira zvachose, zvinoratidza kuti wakagadzirira mhinduro ine jecha yakawandisa, uyewo paumbwe vakati vakawanda makatsemuka. Panguva dzose inflated kana jikichira mhinduro yakawanikwa iri bhora hamufaniri kuva chero makatsemuka.

Uyewo, pane dzimwe nzira nhatu kuona unhu masonry dhaka.

tanga

Tora anenge 0.5 L yevhu, pashure icho yebhasera shoma mvura uye akakanya kwazvo maoko kusvikira nguva yakadaro kusvikira zvose mvura isina zvakazara agere, uye pacharo hazvizovi hachibvi maoko. Mushure kubika, achibika mukanyiwa bhora rwuchipeterwa, iro dhayamita izvo inobva 40 kusvika 50 neMM, uye ipapo chete bhora inoshandiswa kugadzira makeke, izvo dhayamita iri 100 mm. Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, chigadzirwa yapera kwemazuva maviri kana matatu.

Uyezve, kana ari keke iyi dzakaumbwa chero makatsemuka, inoti kuti ivhu iri zara mafuta, uye vanofanira kuwedzera kwachiri jecha. Zvakare, kana makatsemuka vari zvachose ndisipo, uye nokudaro kunyange pashure kudonha kubva nekukwirira imwe mita bead hakurevi dziparare, ivhu anokodzera kuita here hwaivapo mhinduro ivhu uye jecha.

Sandy ivhu, zvakare, haangavi kutsemuka, asi iwe unofanira kunzwisisa kuti hazvina kusimba, zvokuti vanofanira kuwedzera kwachiri zvakakwana yakawanda mafuta nevhu, uye somugumisiro kuwana zvakawanda nokuyerera mhinduro 1 m3 masonry. ivhu risina kana jecha riri yebhasera pemipata akawanda, pashure nerimwe iyo retest unhu ikabereka mhinduro.

chechipiri

Clay kuisa mamwe madhishi, uye azere mvura, pashure iyo zvichiguma kusachinja-chinja iri akakanya uye kusanganiswa kupinda nemavhinga Veselka. Pakadaro, kana ivhu simba zvokugona kuomerera Veselka kana kunyange zvachose chinovafukidza naye, izvozvo zvinoratidza kunyanya mafuta zviri kunoguma mhinduro, kwamakadarika zvichaita vanofanira kuwedzera imwe mari jecha. Kana, pashure unomutsa pana Veselka vari clumps kuroorwa chete, zvinoreva kuti ivhu kuipa, uye anogona kugadzirirwa kubva vira masonry dhaka kunyange tisina jecha. By dzakaonda rukoko iri zvakare dzakaonda vagara vandifungira ivhu, uye panyaya iyi, kuitira kuti kupa zvakajairika kuyerera uye mhinduro unhu nokuda batira, zvakakodzera kuwedzera kwairi mumwe uwandu mafuta nevhu.

wechitatu

Nzira iyi ndiyo yakarurama kwazvo uye anobvumira kusarudza hwakanakisisa nevhu zvaidiwa mukugadzira zvidhina. Anenge 0,5 litres zvevhu iri akakanya kumamiriro arambe achirema mukanyiwa yakasimba, ipapo kunyatsoongorora akakanya maoko ake saizvozvo sezvinoitwa nzira yokutanga. Zvino kubva ichi mukanyiwa bhora rwuchipeterwa, iyo yakaronga pakati pamapuranga maviri atoronga, uye musoro rikazvisundira zvinyoronyoro, zvishoma nezvishoma compressing kunoguma bead. Compression inodzokororwa sokuvapo girobhu racho haingasviki kutsemuka. Dhigirii mafuta tigutsikane iyi nyaya iri akatara zvichienderana sei zvikuru girobhu racho riri flattened uye hunhu chichagadzirirwa mutswe.

Kana bhora chakanga chakagadzirwa zvakanaka dzakaonda nevhu, ipapo pane nyaya, kunyange kana pakutanga watinya pamusoro payo, rikawira zvachose kunze zvidimbu. The bhora ane mafuta ivhu achava kutsemuka pasi compression panguva inenge kota kana rechishanu. Kana bhora riri compressed mumwe-muzvitatu dhayamita, uye ipapo anoputsa, ichi chinoratidza kuti ivhu romuzvarirwo uye hakurevi chinhu yokuvirisa. Jikichira ivhu unogona kuparara kuti hafu yaro yepakutanga ukobvu.

An nzira nzira

Kubva chete nomuedzo sezvo kuti bhora, maoko vanogona unroll flagella, izvo ukobvu iri 10-15 neMM, urefu - 200 mm. Flagella vakatsunga mune mhete chimiro kunhivi tikaisa nembambo kana ruoko.

Kuri kuti flagellum iri kudhonzwa zvakanaka, ivhu zara mafuta, uye chikamu chemhinduro nokuda masonry vanofanira kuwedzera jecha. Kana kushandisa Muzvarirwo flagellum ivhu vacharaswa wakavhomorwa zvakanaka uye hombodo chete kana Ukobvu riri munzvimbo atsamwira idukusa kwokutanga ukobvu pamusoro flagellum vanenge 15-20%, apo apo vachikotama makatsemuka diki kuoneka. Kubva dzakaonda nevhu flagellum substantially asina rwakatambanudzwa, inokwanisa gwanza gogonera, uye kana musana ipapo vazhinji discontinuities uye makatsemuka.

Ndinofanira kufunga?

Test nzira nokuti nokupwanywa bhora kanoverengeka kuona chakaipa ivhu, riri Zvakanakisa akakodzera kuti kugadzirwa zuva zvidhina, uyewo nokuda masonry ose yamavira mhinduro.

Kazhinji mumuedzo vanofanira kusanganisa mhando akawanda ivhu kuti mhinduro yakakwana kuti masonry, vane zvikuru zvichaita kuenzaniswa akumbira zvinodiwa. Unofanira kuwedzera kana kubvisa jecha kana zvakakodzera. The chete nzira uchakwanisa kusarudza kupfuura Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri reshiyo nezvinhu uye kuti zvechokwadi yepamusoro mhinduro.

Tingava bvumidzwa zvarakasiya?

Kunyange kana kukanganisa aripo, zvakanakisisa achitsauka parutivi mafuta kugutsikana, sezvo ari kushanda mevira izvozvo hauoneki zvachose. Kana mhinduro uchakomborerwawo yakawanda jecha, yekudyidzana unobatsira sei simba chikuru pamusoro masonry. Kana zvakawanda mafuta varinamire mhinduro inogona kupa zvakakomba makatsemuka, asi unogona kubvisa navo achishandisa grout ane yakawanda jecha uye chena zviri mharidzo dzakawanda.

Pashure pomuedzo sarudzo ingori kugadzirira achida kugadzirisa.

How kugadzirira mhinduro?

Pakutanga, ivhu chaibva guru bhokisi kana muchimwiro, uye ipapo rabha majombo tsikwa saka refu kusvikira zvose yakapwanyika ivhu nemavhinga. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvinokwanisika kuti varambane achishandisa akazvitsaurira tamper. Maitiro anotevera aya vanofanira zvakasimba kuedza kugadzirisa ravakatora zvachose kupwanya nemavhinga evhu. Pakadaro, kana mhinduro yakanga yakasanganiswa zvakanaka uye panguva imwecheteyo nevhu uye jecha zviri Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri zvikuru, zvichava zvakanaka taitofanira kubva simbi trowel kana nefoshoro, kuti hausi waava kuomerera makachengeteka.

Kana rikashandiswa pazvidhinha kunyange rukoko vakadaro mhinduro, akabva aisa pamusoro payo uye wechipiri kubaya, uye ipapo mashanu maminitsi kumutsa rokumusoro, rezasi yacho optimum unhu ngaarege uchatumbura mhinduro. Uyewo panguva achideredza of tsvimbo inowanzotorwa mhinduro (semuenzaniso, anogona padzinde nemafoshoro), kudzorwa anofanira kuramba vasingakoshi chero.