ZiS-154 - motokari yepamba yokutanga ine injini ye hybrid

Musi waDecember 8, 1946 yakaedzwa yekutanga bhazi bhazi ZiS-154, iyo yaive nekwangoro yegorosi. Uye yakanga isiri iye oga oga. Bhazi idzva rakava motokari yeSoviet yekutanga neyunivhesiti ye simba. Ndiko kuti, yakashandisa sequential scheme. Mariri, injini inopisa mukati maro yakashandura jenereta, iyo yakazogadziriswa nemotokari yemagetsi, iyo inotumira torque kuenda kumotokari dzinofambisa.

Kutanga uye kuratidza

Kushanda purojekiti yakatanga pakutanga kwegore ra1946. Pakaitwa mugore raMeyi gore rimwe chete, bhazi rakanakisa reKik rakarongeka paZiS, iro rakanga rakabatanidzwa mukuvakwa kwemichina itsva. Musoro webasa racho raiva AI Skerdzhiev. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti kugadzirwa kwebhazi haina kusikwa kubva pakutanga. Zviratidzo zvemufananidzo mutsva ndeyeAmerican GMC naMack. Icho chaiva mishonga iyi yakanga ine kugadzirwa kwegorosi uye muviri wakagadzirwa nealuminium alloy, iyo yakazoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemuviri weZiS-154.

Iyo injini yemotokari itsva yakange isina kusiyana nenzira yakatanga. Iviri-stroke power unit, simba re 110 litres. With. (YaAZ-204D), muchikamu chayo chaiva "pirated" kopi yeInjini yeAmerica kubva GMC. Mabhazi eMoscow aifanira kutora mumotokari yavo motokari itsva yegore remakore 800 remukuru weU.SR. Nokudaro, kuitira kuti tidzivise mamiriro asingatarisirwi panguva yekupembererwa kwechirangaridzo, pane yekutanga yakabudiswa makopi "emuenzaniso" weZiS, chikwata chemuzinda weimba chakatsiviwa nejini GMC-4-71 dizeli, yakagamuchirwa zvakare mumakore ehondo kubva kuLend-Lease allies.

Bus of aluminium

Sezvo ZiS yakambotadza kubudisa motokari nemitambo yose-ine masimbi, yakasarudzwa kusanganisira vadzidzisi muTushinsky ndege inomera mumugariro webhazi. Somugumisiro webasa rekubatana kwemahofisi maviri ekugadzira, muviri wakagadzirwa wakagadzirwa, iyo yakagadzirirwa yezvikamu zvakasiyana zvakafanana, zvinoumbwa nemapuranga akakonzerwa kubva kune steel uye aluminium profiles. Uyewo, chirongwa chemuviri weZiS-154 chakasarudzirwa kubatana nemitumbi yeBTB-82B trolley bhasi uye MTV-82 tram. Misiyano chete yaiva iyo yezvikwata zvekutakura, yakanga isingagadziri nevatakuri.

Bus Transmission

Simba rekugadzirisa raive rakafambidzana nechemberi shure kwebhazi, pasi pedhi refa yechishanu. Iyo YAZ-204D dizeli yakanga yakabatanidzwa kune magetsi, iyo inopa nguva yakananga kune motokari yemagetsi, iyo yakatenderera kuenderera kumushure wekutyaira nechomukati kuburikidza nekadhian. Kuchinja kutungamira kwekufamba (mberi-kumashure) kwakaitwa nekubatsirwa kwechitsinho chiri pedyo nechigaro chevatyairi. Kuchinja kwakabvumirwa chete mushure mekumira kwebhazi.

Ukuru hwekudiwa kwekutengesa kwaidiwa kwakangoerekana kwagadziriswa, iyo yakanga isinganzwisisiki yekutengesa magetsi. Panyaya iyi, basa remutyairi rave rakanyatsogadziriswa. Ikoko kwakanga kusina chido chekushandura mageti, zvichienderana, uye kufambisa clutch pedal, iyo iri mumaguta yaiva isina kukosha. Zvisinei, kuve kwakadaro kunoda kuve kwakarurama, uye kunonyanya kukosha, kuchengetedzwa kwakakodzera kweunyuniti, iyo, nenzira yepakutanga, yaiva dambudziko guru panguva iyoyo nemhaka yehutsva hwegadziriro uye kusasha kweyanyanzvi vanogona kugadzirisa.

Mukuwedzera, simba rakasununguka kubva kuIIC, pairi kusvika pamakumbo, rakava nekutendeuka kaviri nekurasikirwa kukuru kwehutano. Uye izvi zvakakonzera kushandiswa kwemafuta akawanda (65 malita ne100 km). Kunyange zvakadaro, itsva ZIS yakapinda munyaya dzakatevedzana. Pakutanga kwaJuly, mabhasi eMoscow akanga agamuchira motokari dzekutanga 7 dzakabudiswa nemurimi. Uye musi waSeptember 7, ngarava idzi dzakanga dzichizadzirwa nemamwe maundi 25.

Kune mufaro wevatakuri

Kugadzirwa kwebhazi maererano nehutano hwevatasvi vakazobudirira chaizvo. Saroni yakagadzirirwa zvigaro makumi matanhatu, pakati pavo - 34 akagara. Zvigaro zvakange zvakafukidzwa nedermantin kana kuputika. Kwechando, ZiS-154 dzakanga dzakagadzirirwa nehutambo hwakanaka hwekudziya, uye yezhizha - nehuturu hwemhepo. Nyaradzo uye kumira kwakanyanyisa kuwedzera. Bhazi rakapararira, rakasununguka zvakafanana, iro rakaenzaniswa nemasikirwo ekare raingova chiratidzo chemotokari. Kunyange zvakadaro, munguva yekushanda, chinhu chikuru chakakanganiswa chakaratidzwa, icho chakazopedzisira chaita kuti kubviswa kwemichina kubva pakugadzirwa.

Dambudziko guru nebhasi idzva

Dambudziko rose reZiS-154 raiva injini. Mukuwedzera kune yakanyanya kushandisa mafuta, Yaaz-204D yakanga ine ruzha. Panguva imwecheteyo, iye achiri nenyasha akazonzwa kuneta kwekutsva. Asi kunyange iyi yakanga isiri chinhu chakaipisisa. Nguva nenguva, injini yedizieri yebhazi, sezvavanotaura, "vakaenda kumarudzi", kureva, nekuzvimiririra uye kusingadzorwi kuwedzera kukurumidza. Kuti aimise, mutyairi aifanira kuvhara mafuta. Uye kana iwe uchiyeuka kuti injini yakanga iri kumashure kwemotokari, saka ndiyo chaiyo yaiva dambudziko guru.

"Kupararira" yava denda rechokwadi ZiS-154. Kunyange mumirayiridzo yekuchengeteka kwebhazi, mutyairi akarayirwa kuti amise bhazi nemaoko nepamakumbo. Akazofanira kubvunza mutungamiri kana mumwe wevatakuri kuti varambe vachiputika, uye pakarepo vakaenda kujini injini uye vadzima mafuta, zvichiita kuti vasvibise kugovera mafuta kune injinjini ye injini. Kubvisa kukanganisa uku pamuti hakwanisi, nokuti vakanga vasingazivi chaizvo chinokonzera chiitiko chacho.

Saka, ikozvino muna 1950, kureva kuti, makore matatu mushure mekutanga kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kubudiswa kukuru kweZiS-154 kwakanyarara zvachose. Kunyange zvakadaro, munguva ino chimiro chakakwanisa kubudisa 1165 "zvishamiso-mabhasi", kubva kune mabhazi emabhazi akaedza kubvisa zvose zvokwadi uye nemakona. Zvechokwadi, kunyange zvazvo bhazi rakanga riri chinhu chitsva chenguva yaro, asi rakakundikana, uye saka risati rabudirira.