Zambezi (rwizi mu Africa) rwakatanga uye kupi inoyerera? Zambezi: bhuku, urefu, nzvimbo mepu uye pikicha

In Central Africa, uyewo kuchamhembe chikamu kondinendi, ane yayo akasiyana, kwezvokufuka uye chaizvo gobvu pfungwa mubereko - the Zambezi. The rwizi zvinobva kuZambia uye runoyerera kuburikidza nemasimba akadai Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe neZambia. In Mozambique, iyo Zambezi estuary mainozonodira Indian Ocean. Aibuda rwizi urwu kukwezvana mukuru Africa - Victoria Falls.

Nokuti rwizi. pamusoro chikamu

Panobva Zambezi River iri kuchamhembe-dzokumadokero chikamu Ethiopia, takapoteredzwa anezvimiti dema. Altitude pano akaenzana metres rimwe nehafu. Zvishoma pamusoro kunobva rakamiswa gomo yakatenuka pairi rinopfuura zvakajeka panoparadzana mutsetse pakati madziva maviri dzemvura - Congo uye Zambezi. The rwizi runoyerera zasi-kumadokero, uye vanenge 240? Km nawo ari kutanga kuwira vabati vechibharo. On rimwe mujinga rwizi ichichinja kuita mapopoma duku Chavama. Izvi zvinoita kukodzera kuti kutumirwa. Over kwayo 350? Km yokutanga, pamusoro Victoria Falls, iyo kukwira panguva iyo mvura anomhanya, riri pamusoro chete. Iye vaviri nguva anoshandura nhungamiro yaro kubvira kumaodzanyemba kusvikira kumabvazuva, asi kuchinja aya asingakoshi. In panzvimbo mapopoma inoguma rokumusoro Zambezi. A rwizi nechepakati Africa Victoria Falls kunounza dzakawanda mvura yaro, achiumba munzvimbo ino chinoshamisa, izvo vanonakidzwa mabhiriyoni vashanyi kuuya.

The pakati Chikamu rwizi

Victoria Falls anonzi panoparadzana muganhu pakati murwizi kwakatangira nepakati kosi. Pairi, gwara iri atotumira zvakananga kumabvazuva apo nhema pakati pezvikomo. The anofungidzirwa urefu chikamu chino dura riri mamita 300. Onawo kuti panobva Zambezi River, izvo isu ambotaurwa, yakapoteredzwa mumakwenzi, savanna uye jecha-nevhu matombo. Pano, mvura iyerere achitevedza basalt kuti anoumba makomo uye duku pamawere, kudzivirira mvura yorwizi. Chinhu chinokosha pakati chikamu dura anonzi Caribbean (aizivikanwawo Lake Kariba). Uyu ndiwo mumwe kupfuura chakagadzirwa madhamu munyika. It yakaumbwa pakati pezana remakore rechi20, pashure pakati kunosvika of Zambezi akavaka dhamu zvakafanana zita. Kubvira ipapo, uye kusvikira zvino, Kariba Hydroelectric yemapurisa achibvumira vagari vose nzvimbo dzakapoteredza kushandiswa magetsi. Uyewo panguva yapakati mararamiro tinosangana mikuru rechibharo maviri - the Kafue uye Luangwa, idzo dzinoyerera kupinda Zambezi. River ngaavongwe kwavari zvinova vakwanise uye brimming. Naizvozvo, zvishoma nomurwizi pariri kuvaka imwe dhamu - Cabora Bassa. Panguva ino, pakati chikamu Zambezi inoguma.

Lower mugero gang

Zambezi, achiyambuka mai Cabora Bassa, redirects mvura yaro kumavirira. Kureba okupedzisira guru reko zvichienzaniswa yapfuura ndivo, kureva 650? Km. Nzvimbo iyi ndiyo yatova yakanakira mumagwa, asi pane kazhinji akawanikwa nezano. Chokwadi chokuti nzvimbo iri iyo chekubuda mvura, ari yakafara mumupata, uye vakanga pariri chete vakawaridza, pova paupamhi rwizi, asi kwete kwazvo. Nhete chiteshi chete apo Lupato inopfuura nomunyika kanjoni. Pano kufara ndiwo mamita 200 chete, nepo mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzose rwizi sezvariri wakatandavarira kusvikira 5-8 makiromita. At chinhambwe 160? Km kubva Zambezi River kuti penyanza zvinonzi vayambuka. Shire. Nokuda uyu dzakawedzerwa pamvura yaro, uye mvura Lake Malawi. Pashure paizvozvo runako yedu rakakamurwa yaNire duku zhinji, pova Delta. Pedyo dzeIndian Ocean pakati Zambezi River pamepu anotarira kufanana mativi ruoko, iyo zvakabatana pamvura zhinji.

rwizi rechibharo

Rwizi urwu anonzi yacho wechina pakukura pakati ake "hama." The Zambezi River muna Africa havana shoroma saka, kana asina vakawanda rechibharo dzacho kuyambukira vadzore uye gungwa makwara. Zvakanaka, tarisai kwavari zvizere. The tsinga yokutanga uye inonyanya kukosha kupa aqueous rukova anoonekwa kuva rwizi Kapombo. It zvinobva mumakomo, apo pedyo mumwe ndivo kwakatangira kuCongo uye Zambezi. In pagumbo kudzidza kwedu yacho, apo mirayiridzo iri zvakachinja kubvira kumavirazuva kumabvazuva wokutanga, izvozvo chinoyambuka Kwando - chaizvo renguva inoyerera rwizi. Pakati kunosvika of Zambezi uye Kafue zvokudya mvura Langi. Pasi apa, tinosangana nomumwe rechibharo inokosha chaizvo - Luangwa. Hazvina chete kununura mvura yavo Zambezi, asiwo neVadzidzi Malawi Lake, saka zvinova rakafara chaizvo uye rakadzika. In yepazasi chikamu inosimbisa mvura yomurwizi rechibharo Sanyati, Shangani uye Hanyang.

History nokutsvakurudza pakati dura

Vanhu vane ruzivo nzvimbo iyi nenzvimbo dzakanga kare vokutanga Middle Ages. Vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga kuti ruzivo urwu kwaibva Arab yaMakoronike uye magwaro. Nokudaro, Zambezi River pamusoro map Africa akaonekwa 1300s kure, asi aigona kuziva, sezvamunoziva, chete varemekedzwa. Nzwisisika kudzidza mvura African akatanga chete muzana remakore rechi19. Wokutanga munhu vaivhomora tifunge kurwizi kubva esayenzi maonero, akava David Livingstone. Iye akananga nechokumusoro kwerwizi kubva Lake Malawi akaguma pamwe Victoria Falls. Munzira, ndakawana vakawanda parizvino anozivikanwa rechibharo, uye akavapa mazita avo. Kusvikira pakupera remakore, rwizi vose pedyo zvinhu zvave zvakazara kunzwisiswa vokuEurope, uye mashoko ose ari vakachengeteka ndee panyika mepu.

hove nyika

Vazhinji hove dziri mvura Zambezi - iri endemic. All zvipenyu dzavo anowanikwa chete munzvimbo ino. Uye kunyange kana vakawanda mazita kuti isu kunyora pasi apa, iwe uchava sokuti munodziziva, ipapo iva nechokwadi, kuti chokwadi mvura iyi anogara haazooni atinoita vakajaira tarira. Pano anokosha tupukanana tusingaoneki, iro rinoita zvose zvipenyu kuva kwete muEurope kana mu America. Saka pano kunongova akasiyana cichlids, Catfish, Catfish uye tigerfish. mukurumbira chaizvo ugere yepazasi yoRwizi iri nzombe rehove kana nzombe shark. It unowanikwa yegungwa pamusoro Indian Ocean, uye muna Zatoka Zambezi.

fauna of

Kubva musi yapfuura zvinhu, zvinokwanisika kuti kufungidzira apo Zambezi River kubva nenzvimbo pfungwa maonero. Ndiro huru chikamu kondinendi African, achitsva mapazi yeupenyu kupisa vematunhu, jecha uye savanna. Zviri kuburikidza serakavakwa akadaro Zambezi Rwako, izvo anosika ndigoutimbira uye unoenderana fauna of. Pano inowanikwa mhando vasingaverengeki akasiyana makarwe. Maererano zvazvo izvi koRwizi inogona nyore kuenzaniswa rwaNire. Pamwe navo kune zvinopfuura madzvinyu diki uye nyoka (kunyanya kunobva nzvimbo, apo marshes zhinji). On nyika pane nzou, mbizi, nzombe, shumba, Nyati - mune pfupi, nezvaiitwa African safari. Dzedenga pamusoro Zambezi, Haiwa, kwete zvokuti. Kune kubhururuka dzvinyu, pelicans, makondo, African, uye kufamba murwizi mabhanga egrets.

"Hove" upfumi

Unogona kuona chete nokutarisa mufananidzo: iri Zambezi rwizi kwazvo dzakadzama, yakafara, akapfuma fauna of uye kasvisto, sezvo kunokosha kubatana mune zvoupfumi dzose nyika kuburikidza ane ndima zvaitika. Kunze yokuti pane dzinovakwa maviri hofori hydropower zvinomera, izvo zvokudya magetsi yose yakapoteredza, uye guta, panewo hove indasitiri dzinoshingaira. Vagari maguta, uyo akakurira pamahombekombe Zambezi, vanogona kunakirwa nezvipo ayo mvura vakasununguka, kuti zvokudya dzavo. Vashanyi vanobva zvakawanda kure nemisha vari kutereswa nokuti hove pano. Vakawanda pamahombekombe Zambezi zvakachengeterwa mutambo hove. Vanhu vanouya pano nokuda mafaro uye kashoma mhando yevanhu hove kubva pasi pose. Uyewo kubva hove wamashekeri chinonyanya endemic kwemarudzi kuti vave kushongedzwa chipi akwariyamu.

zvipenyu ezvinhu

Zvichida tsananguro ikoroji of Zambezi River tinozotanga matambudziko ayo, sezvo ivo vari zvechokwadi chinzvimbo. zvakashata zvose iri chokwadi kuti pano yakabereka wastewater discharges, uye kwete kuburikidza vavashandire zvivako, uye zvakananga. Tsvina kubva misha yacho zvengarava, duku vasina dzimba nezvimwe zvinhu nyore vakapedzwa murwizi. Izvi zvinokonzera kusvibiswa kwete chete mvura, asi zvinowanisa zvirwere zvakadai fivha, korera, manyoka, uye boka rimwe, zvirwere zvakawanda kana zvishoma zvakakomba. matambudziko Big naiyowo yakabuda pashure pakuvaka Cabora Bassa Hydroelectric simba chechitima. Izvi nyanza chakagadzirwa vakazadzwa kunokwana mvura iri chete chete mwaka, apo hurumende yakaronga kuti achazadzwa zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro akawanda. Somugumisiro nehasha akaderedza eko, zvakazoita kuti rutapudzo ari mangrove tea yakapoteredza mvura. It ndifare uye mhuka amborarama pamahombekombe erwizi. Nemvura uye aenda anobatsira chiya chisingadiwi zvinhu zvizhinji, zvakanga kwakaderedza nhamba kwemarudzi hove kuti akararama pano.

motokari mamiriro ezvinhu

Kazhinji, nokureba Zambezi River ndiye 2574 makiromita, kufungisisa zvose Bends ayo uye muchichinjana. Izvi zvinoita mumwe kupfuura mvura inoyerera Africa, asi ichi hachisi chiratidzo kuti dzakanakira chokufambisa tsinga yacho nharaunda. Takatodzidza kutaurwa kuti pamubhedha erwizi kazhinji anoshandura mirayiridzo, uye crucially, ndiye anoenda nokuda yakafara, udzamu, uye zvimwe zviratidzo. Huru chipinganidzo wekushandisa vari chakagadzirwa makungwa, madhamu nemapopoma kuti kuyambukira naye pamusoro. Zvisinei, kazhinji zhinji chokufambisa akavhiyiwa vari kunze nemhaka munhu mapazi eumambo Dam ichi. Somuenzaniso, zvikepe kazhinji zvakaitika pasi Zambezi, iyo takura zvose vanhu uye zvinhu. Middle uye yokumusoro chikamu rwizi rinoshandiswa kazhinji veko. Akapoteredza migwagwa Blurred nokuda kusagadzikana yekwataigara ivhu, uye chikepe kuti kubva kugarwa mumwe nyore.

Mabhiriji mhiri Zambezi

The chechina guru reko mvura aibuda Africa muchinjikwa mabhiriji shanu chete. kuvaka ravo rakatanga kumavambo remakore rechi20, uye achiri mberi, pasinei nokuti mabasa akawanda kare rakatangwa. Yokutanga yakanga yakavakwa muna 1905 mutaundi Victoria Falls. Rinobuda pamusoro mvura pamusoro pa 125 metres, yakafara riri mamita 150, uye kureba - 250 metres. Kubvira ipapo, yakanga reconstructed, asi kwete zvikuru kuvakwa. It pakutanga akaronga sechikamu njanji, izvo zvaizoita utambanudzire kubva Cape kusvikira Cairo. Uyezve, muna 1939, bhiriji yakavakwa muna Chirundu (Zambia), iro yakavakwazve 2003, uye muna 60s maiva mabhiriji pamaguta Tete uye Chinvingi. Mumakore akazotevera, dzinoti muna 2004, akapedza kuvakwa ekupedzisira, wechishanu zambuko pamusoro Zambezi. Ndezvemhuri pakati pamaguta Sesheke (Zambia) uye Katima Mulilo (Namibia).

Nemisha yakapoteredza rwizi

Taiongorora apo yakatangwa Zambezi River, apo inoyerera, uye zvimwe miviri mvura zviri vakayambukira mukufamba kuerera. Zvino rava nyaya nemisha yakapoteredza Mahombekombe ayo. Chokutanga, rwizi rinopfuura kuti mukuru kana muduku papi, munyika nhanhatu. Pakati pavo anonzi Angola, Namibia, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe uye Botswana. Asi pamaguta riri dzarwo, pane zvakawanda. We wozvinyora zvishoma: Lacalle, Kariba, Mongu, Tete, Songo, Lila, Livingstone, Sesheke uye Katima Mulilo. Ose nemisha vari vashomashoma geopolitical masangano. vanhu mamiriyoni 32 chete kurarama mumupata. Vazhinji vavo ringatungamirira kumaruwa mararamiro, zvomunharaunda kugutsikana kuyangarara nhandare uye kusavapo zvipfuwo kutopedza. guta Local kuwana zvikurukuru pamusoro tourism, asiwo indasitiri pano haana zvakanaka yakatanga. Vazhinji vavo foraged Rybolovlev uyewo rinobhadhara poaching.