Mountains avhareji kukwirira uye mienzaniso. makomo kupatsanura

Mountains takasiyana: vakuru nevaduku, matombo uye sandara, kupolopodobnymi uye rakananga. Vamwe vavo akafukidzwa nemasango gobvu, apo vamwe - upenyu ibwe placers. Asi munyaya ino tichataura pamusoro zvavo yakakwirira. Ndezvipi nemakomo paavhareji, uye izvo vanoonekwa kuti mukuru?

Pagomo sezvo rudzi zvokuyamura

Chekutanga zvose zvakafanira kupindura mubvunzo chii mugomo. Ichi yakanaka chimiro kuzorodzwa, hwokuratidza nzvimbo jeko uye yoga kusimuka. Chero kurwadziwa zvakajeka kurondwa chikuru zvinhu zvitatu:

• chakaderedzwa mutengo;
• chetsoka;
• materu.

Chero gomo Tsika yepasi - haasi chinhu asi kunzwisisa hurongwa pamipata (zvimwiro) anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri, iine vakawanda nomumwe vertices. Vose chokunze kuratidzwa yomunyika (endogenous) ehondo Earth - tectonic crustal kufamba uye kuputika basa.

Mountains kusika pamusoro pemvura nharaunda akanaka kwazvo uye rakasiyana redu. Vari dzinoratidzwa mhando ivhu pakavha, nemamwe kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Asi vanhu uchagara mumakomo vari chaizvo vasingadi. Maererano nenhamba, vanenge 50% vanogara munyika anogara akasvibira padaro rinenge isingadariki 200 metres pamusoro pegungwa.

Kupatsanura makomo geomorphology. Mountain paavhareji, pasi uye yakakwirira

The geomorphological sayenzi patsanura makomo dzinoverengeka chikonzero :. Age, urefu, nzvimbo yomugariro, Genesisi, chimiro misoro, etc ..

Maererano dzakavapo vangava tectonic, kuputika uye denudation ane zera - kana muduku. Zvino majaya ndiye gomo hurongwa, paumbwe chiri makore asingasviki mamiriyoni 50. In Geological mazwi zvikuru diki zera.

Chimiro chayo pegomo vari:

• akanongedza;
• Dome;
• rwenze-kufanana ( "Table").

Urefu pamusoro pegungwa, geographers kusiyanisa gomo:

• kuchamudukupisa;
• svikiro;
• kumusoro.

Dzimwe mumabhuku kunogona kuwanikwa uye zvenguva refu-simuka mifananidzo, zvakadai somunhu akaderera pakati kana svikiro akakwirira. Pakarepo zvinokosha kuziva kuti makomo avhareji yakakwirira anogona kuwanikwa chero venyika. Zvisinei, vakawanda vavo vari Europe uye Asia.

Middle Mountain: mienzaniso uye kukwirira

8848 metres - chiratidzo yaisvika gomo rakareba munyika - Qomolangma, kana Everest. The Mhedziso Kukwirira svikiro makomo zvakawanda mwero: kubva 1 kusvika 3 km pamusoro pegungwa.

Mienzaniso inozivikanwa kwazvo neeSultan gomo kwakadaro - iri ndiro Carpathians, Mountains Appalachian, Tatras, Apennines, ichindosvika kuPyrenees, dzekuma Scandinavia uye Mountains Drakensberg, Australian Alps, ari Stara Planina. Kune makomo Central uye mukati Russia. Ndivo Mountains Ural, Eastern Sayan, Kuznetsk Alatau, Sikhote-Alin (yaifananidzira pazasi) uye vamwe.

Chinokosha svikiro makomo - kuvapo altitudinal zvikamu. Ndiko, zvinomera uye nzvimbo iri kuchinja nokukwirira.

Carpathians

Carpathians - chikuru kukura European gomo hurongwa rokufukidza nyika masere. Nyanzvi dzemitauro, vachitsanangura kwakabva zita raro, vakasvika pakugumisa kuti zita nzvimbo iyi ine midzi Indo-European uye anoshandura se "dombo", "dombo".

Carpathians ruoko ari chinhu chakakombama nehafu chiuru makiromita kubva Czech Republic kuSerbia. Uye yakakwirira gomo iri dzakasiyana riri pamusoro munharaunda Slovakia (gomo, Gerlachovský Peak, 2654 m). A kuziva chokwadi: pakati Alps uye easternmost Spurs of Carpathians - 15 chete makiromita.

Karpaty - young makomo. Vakanga yakaumbwa muna Cenozoic. Zvisinei, avo hurukuro inotsvedzerera uye vanyoro, kuti chinonyanya yo akare-zera Geological hurongwa. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa chokuti Carpaty advantageously ukapisa murwi zvinyoronyoro matombo (nesuko, reraimu, uye ivhu).

Mountain gadziriro iri muzvikamu zvitatu zvimiso zvikamu: Western, Eastern (kana Ukrainian) uye Southern Carpathians. Uyewo kwayo sezvamunoita zvinosanganisira Transylvanian Plateau. Mountains Carpathian akasiyana kumbonyanya yakakwirira seismicity. Heino vanonzi mapazi ose Vrancea, iro "kunobereka" nokudengenyeka kwenyika 7-8 pfungwa.

Appalachians

Geomorphology unowanzonzi Appalachians fanana mapatya of Carpathians. In chitarisiko havaiti zvakasiyana zvakawanda kubva mumwe. Mountains Appalachian dziri mu nechokumabvazuva North America, mukati (US and Canada) nyika mbiri. Ivo ruoko kubva muGulf of St. Lawrence kuna Gulf of Mexico kumaodzanyemba. The Kureba yegomo siyana - anenge 2,500 makiromita.

Kana European Carpathians - makomo vari vaduku, American Appalachians - inogadzirwa yapfuura Hercynian uye Caledonian orogeny. Vakanga aumba anenge mamiriyoni 200-400 apfuura.

Mountains Appalachian akapfuma siyana chicherwa kupfuma. Heino akapfuma mhangura, asbestos, peturu, simbi mhangura. Panyaya iyi, iyi ine makomo iri kudanwa kuti enhoroondo "maindasitiri bhandi" the US.

Australian Alps

Zvakaratidza kuti Alps havasi chete Europe. Vagari duku uye driest kondinendi, zvakare, unogona kuenda musango iri Alps chaiyo. Asi chete Australian!

Izvi wemakomo eJudhiya iri kumaodzanyemba chikamu kondinendi. Ndiyo apo kumusoro pfungwa yose Australia - Mount Kosciuszko (2228 m). Uye pamusoro Mujinga memakomo aya akabva wakarebesa kurukova kondinendi - yacho Murray.

Australian Alps zvinoshamisa dzakasiyana mune nzvimbo mazwi. In makomo aya unogona kuwana uye chando-dzavhara nenhongonya uye mitema mipata yakadzika, uye madhamu nemvura yakachena. Mawere gomo vari yakashongedzwa inonakidza kuona chitarisiko namatombo. The Australian Alps vari yevedza National Parks anoverengeka uye kwazvo state plesieroorde.

In mhedziso

Zvino kuti munoziva paavhareji gomo, uye chii - zviri kumusoro. Geomorphology zvitatu mhando gomo yakakwirira mugadziriro. Svikiro makomo vane kukwirira kubva 1000 kusvika 3000 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Makomo Carpathian, Mountains Appalachian, Australian Alps - ichi ndicho mienzaniso kupfuura unoshamisa pakati neeSultan dzakadaro gomo munyika.