Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti "kemisitiri": hypotheses uye kwete chete chidzoke

Kunyange 3000 makore BC akazviratidza shoko "kemisitiri". Izvi hatingazvirambi uchapupu ichi ndiyo mahwendefa ecuneiform inowanikwa Zvakafukunurwa pakati Zvisaririra maguta ekare weIjipiti uye Asia Minor. Kwakabva shoko "kemisitiri" Zvakaoma kumisa. Vatsvakurudzi wakapedzera nyaya iyi yakawanda nguva uye kushanda nesimba.

kure kare

Kare IV remakore AD Zosimus alchemist kubva Panopolis Greece yekare vaidavira kuti shoko "kemisitiri" rinobva pashoko "Jemez", rinova zita rakapfupikiswa pamusoro Hermes. Ichi ruzivo yekare chimiro yakagamuchirwa muchimiro vanonzi "zvakazarurwa naMwari", aiva kunozivikanwa somuzivi nguva yake.

Maererano rekare ngano, varwi yaKesari Aleksandra Makedonskogo kukuru vawana neguva yakakurumbira somuzivi, mashoko akanyorwa pairi vakakwanisa decipher. kupinda ichi buritsa avo akavanzika negashiro "Muzivi kuti Stone". Maererano nenyanzvi dzekare, achishandisa aigona kutsausa chero simbi kupinda goridhe. Chokwadi, sayenzi vakaratidza kuti yaida kunenge nyanzvi yekare hapana "kwouzivi" Stone haashandi.

nhoroondo zvekungofungira

Vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti Nezvekwakabva shoko "kemisitiri" rine chokuita Greek yekare uye zvinoreva unyanzvi kubvunda nesimbi, kusanganisira goridhe. Byzantine weduramanzwi, uyo akararama X-XI remakore BC, vakatenda kuti shoko iri rinoreva pakugadzirira sirivha nendarama. On the Chinese vekare, shoko "ndarama" nepfungwa nomuimbirwo, "makemikari-Kim." Vagere Egipita yekare, kana sezvo vakadaidzwa, "Chemie", vakanga kunoshamisa mishonga nguva yake, uye kazhinji pakabva shoko "kemisitiri" rine chokuita nezita nyika. Kubva panguva iyoyo kuponesa Quick kubika zvinonhuwira uye Pharmaceuticals. Naizvozvo nhoroondo Nezvekwakabva shoko "kemisitiri" ine midzi muIjipiti yekare, uye pfungwa pachayo akafanana okuti "sayenzi muIjipiti."

Rokutanga "mumayunivhesiti"

Kuramba nyaya yedu duku nezvemavambo shoko "kemisitiri". Muzana III remakore BC muAlexandria (Ancient Egypt) zvakanzi nheyo Academy of Sciences rokutanga. "Unyanzvi Sacred", sezvo vakati pamusoro kemisitiri, yakavakwa munechimwewo chivakwa, iyo yainzi dzaSerapis temberi. Mune ramangwana, tiri kungori pfungwa "alchemy", iro wakatangwa navaArabhu. Ivo vakawedzera chivakashure kuti pfungwa "kemisitiri" hwakatangwa nevaIjipiti. masayendisiti akawanda kwemakore ane chiuru, pamwe kunoyemurika kusimba mutsimba chakavanzika kuwana ndarama kubva chawo simbi. Kana chinhu chakavanzika, "dombo muzivi kuti" kana chakavanzika "alkahest" izvo munguva dzekare kwainzi waifarirwa solvent. gadziriro Recipe izvi chakavanzika zvinhu munhu uye haana chakazozikamwa. Zvishoma nezvishoma, kubvira remakore remakore, alchemy akanga kutanga kuwana chaizvo maumbirwo kemisitiri ano. Muzivi, chiremba, vaigara munharaunda Tajikistan, Abu Ali al-Hussein, nani kuzivikanwa Avicenna, uchitoronga kuringana nitric, sulfuric uye hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide uye yavaibvisa hydroxide. Somunhu nharaunda yevanhu basa alchemy akarega kuva akakodzera pakutanga ari XVIII remakore.

Mabviro nguva yedu shoko "kemisitiri" rine chokuita Late neshoko Chimia. Hazvina kufanana kuna Chirungu shoko kemisitiri, German uye French chemie chimie.