Akatsiga mubatanidzwa mashoko Russian uye Chirungu mitauro

Shoko iri mutauro une imwe lexical rinoreva, iri kutaurwa imwe ezvinhu. Kazhinji mashoko kuwana rine zvarinoreva, achipinda chete zvivakamutauro uye musoro kubatana nemamwe zviratidzo. Izvi rakadzikama Tikafunga mashoko, apo ekupedzisira kunyorera mumwe nomumwe kuti vaumbe ukoshi itsva kuroorwa.

Lexical Collocations

Muhurukuro shoko havasi kuita oga asi mune akapoteredza nemamwe mazwi kuti vanofanira kubatanidzwa lexical, zvivakamutauro, nomusoro. Somuenzaniso, shoko ruva kunoda chibvumirano pauwandu, chechikadzi uye nyaya, kuti chinhu chipauro kana ezviri inofanira rume, kuti mumire kuchisazitasingwi uye nominative nyaya: dondo ruva. Kana kushandisa imwe chipauro, kwete zvakanaka mukati zvinoreva (ramakore ruva), ipapo kwakakanganiswa lexical kugarisana mashoko.

Akatsiga mubatanidzwa mashoko - ndiro mhedziso chisungo, izvo haabvumiri yaitsiva zvinoriumba. Nokudaro, mubatanidzwa mushana iri "akaratidza ukurire mushana." Kana kutsiva chimwe chezvinonhuwira wemishonga, zvichaita ukoshi hwayo (ibatanidzo kuine zuva, kutya kwaiita tsuro regai uchitova pfungwa iyi). In shoko, lexical kugarisana mashoko ari mudanga okuti kwakakwana uye zvetsika.

Kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro Collocations, kureva kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro, nevanopinda chizvarwa vakurukuri majini. Intuitively akanzwa mukana kushandisa mashoko acho apuro wemichero uye enyambo shanduro womuapuro wemichero.

dimikira

Words yaida pedyo imwe zvinoriumba yakatarwa. Zvinoitika kuti shoko kugarisana constraints chikonzero rinobva kuda kwayo kune imwe nharaunda - munhu akasimba mubatanidzwa mashoko, dzinonzi zvakasiyana Mitsara. Izwi nyanzvi French Charles Bally ane kukosha "guru mutsara." Zvechokwadi, akatsiga mubatanidzwa mashoko (idioms) ine zvakawanda zvinoti (ndiko okuti yaingowanikwa), zvinofanana neshoko rimwe: Nick pasi - yeuka kuti dhayira muromo mvura - rokuvhara, vhura muromo wake - kushamisika.

muchikurukura nyanzvi dzemitauro

The nesayenzi kuti vanodzidza marongerwo uye zvinhu Mitsara, anonzi mitsara. Nyanzvi inotaura zvawo. Pane kusiyana yokungotaura kururamiswa Mitsara. In mamwe mapoka nyanzvi dzemitauro chero midzi mumutauro akatsiga mubatanidzwa mashoko vanonzi nenzira iyi. Lexicographical zvaanorumbidza unotipa kutonga zvakasiyana nzira kuti nyaya iyi. Mitsara kuonekwa chete anofambidzana iwayo mudanga umo ukoshi iri zvichishandurwa nokuda rondedzero wacho zvinoriumba. Saka, rodzera fritters idioms kana achibhururuka mumakore haagoni kutsanangura tsanangudzo shoko rimwe nerimwe. Indivisible wemishonga zvakanaka isingachinji zvinoreva zvivako zvakadaro.

Nyanzvi dzakawanda hadzisi kusvika yakatarwa mitsara mashoko, aphorisms, kutaura cliches. Vanodavira kuti idioms (akatsiga mubatanidzwa mashoko) - Ndivo anofambidzana kuti vari yakaenzana neshoko rimwe chete.

Kupatsanura Vinogradov Shan

Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov, munhu akakurumbira Russian nyanzvi ine mukurumbira pasi rose, rondedzero yakatodzama akatsiga mubatanidzwa mashoko mumutauro wokuRussia uye Classified navo. In basa rake idioms vari rakakamurwa phraseological musono (chaizvoizvo idioms) phraseological kubatana uye phraseological mubatanidzwa. Nikolai Maksimovich Shan rakawedzerwa kupatsanura Vinogradov, kusimbisa boka wokufananidzira mashoko.

Fusion

By adhesions ndivo anofambidzana vane semantics vari pachena chete neimwe pakukurukurirana. Zvichireva idioms zvinoriumba chete zvachose chisingaoneki. Semantics adhesions haana kuziva, zvishamiso, uputse gauntlet, twiddle, dombo rikakandwa uye mumwe hazvibviri kutsanangura kududzirwa kweshoko nerimwe. The ukoshi goho kubva idioms dzinozivikanwa akagadzirisa musono. phraseologisms dzidzo - chinhu refu nhoroondo kwacho kuti anowanika mune imwe mutauro.

The muenzaniso nhoroondo mutauro vari kugadzikana mubatanidzwa mashoko. Mienzaniso adhesions akadai: nemusoro, vavharirwa, nokuti chokwadi. Ndivo rinorema nokuda shanduro, nokuti haana tinonzwira zvarinoreva nerimwe. The adhesions zvisingaiti permutation uye yaitsiva zvinoriumba.

kubatana

Phraseological kubatana, kusiyana adhesions ine semantically vachida zvinoriumba. ukoshi hwavo inobva indivisible dimikira zvakafanana. mashoko zvichireva phraseologism zvose. Dimikira kundoviga tarenda muvhu iri "pasina kutambisa simba ravo," anotsanangura enzaniso: akavigwa pasi - "dehwe, kuvanza". Phraseological kubatana zvishoma wokufananidzira kupfuura musono. Kubatana kunogona rakasanganiswa mune mamwe mashoko, dzimwe nguva kuti kutsiva mumwe zvinoriumba. Somuenzaniso, mune phraseologisms kudana foshoro dzimwe nguva foshoro kuchatsiviwa imwe chisazitasingwi: kudana zvinhu pachavo mazita avo. Phraseological kubatana akadana idioms.

mubatanidzwa

The semantics ose phraseological anofambidzana hunoumbwa zvinokosheswa zvose zvakamisa hurongwa anoumba mashoko mberi. Kana ichi unobatanidzwa uye vakasununguka zvinoriumba, uye aishamwaridzana. Tsika mumwe nomumwe wavo kunoratidza chimwe ukoshi okuti. Somuenzaniso, dimikira muvengi mukuru kunosanganisira dzakabatanidzwa uye shoko mhiko muvengi rusununguko. Uyewo yakasanganiswa sidekick, kusimba chinzvimbo, kuchitonhora, achisekerera uye nevamwe.

mashoko

Dedicated N. M. Shanskim phraseological mashoko vari idioms, zvinosanganisira rwokutaura. Hapana chokuita zvinhu. Kazhinji phraseological mashoko akafanana avo cliches, zvirevo, mashoko uye aphorisms. Somuenzaniso, kuda mazera ose, zvose zvakanakisisa, kusvikira tinosangana zvakare, hapana zuva pasina mutsetse. Munguva kutaura, phraseological mashoko asina yagadzirwa kutaura, uye vari rakapa kubva ndangariro.

Dimikira iri Chirungu

Rich Chirungu Mitsara Fund, iyo emakore vafumiswa vakawanda borrowings kubva muchiLatin, German, French, Spanish, ndizvo chaizvo nyanzvi dzemitauro. Zivo yokumwe mutauro Mitsara zvinoratidza muturikiri pamwero. Yakakwirira zvinodiwa ari nyanzvi kunobatsira kudzivisa mutauro kusanzwisisa.

Akatsiga mubatanidzwa mashoko mumutauro Chirungu zvinogona kupatsanurwa maererano kupatsanura VV Vinogradov. Phraseological musono yakaomesesa kushandura, nekuti mashoko vanobatanidzwa mairi zvinofambidzana. The semantics pezvivako zvakadaro zvinobva mari. Somuenzaniso, kutambira mugomo haishandurike chaizvo sezvo kava uye mugomo. Pano shoko nokubatana mumwe, kupa ukoshi chaiyo kuti ringashandurwa Russian Mitsara kutambanudzira makumbo.

Phraseological kubatana muna Chirungu zviripo parutivi rwechipo homonymous okuti. Somuenzaniso, kuramba imbwa uye kuhukura pakuzvichengetedza somunhu dimikira iri "unokubatira kuita basa womunhu." Translation homonymous vakasununguka mubatanidzwa rinoreva "imbwa barks panguva tenzi wake." High mashoko phraseological kubatana ari rutivi mutauro Chirungu.

Phraseological anofambidzana ndibvumirei kuzvitsinhanisa rimwe zvinoriumba. Murwiyo zvinosanganisira mashoko iwayo ane yakamisirwa kukosha uye kuwanikwa. Dimikira kuva nepaburi retsono, achibvumira kusiya chikamu chinoumba kuti, rakashandurwa Russian mubatanidzwa kuponeswa chishamiso. Ichi boka Mitsara zvikuru nyore kushandura nokuda kwebasa rinofanira mubatanidzwa mungano, magwaro (Sisyphean basa, chaAdhamu Apple, uye hillesova chitsitsinho, Ariadne kuti shinda, pfupa kukakavara, uye vamwe).

Chirungu zvirevo mashoko pasina ndeyokufananidzira tsika dziri phraseological mashoko. Zvinosanganisira mashoko vakasununguka tsika, asi tiri dzinozivikanwa reproducible: Varume vazhinji zhinji pfungwa anoshandura Russian phraseological kutaura sei vanhu vakawanda, pfungwa dzakawanda.

phrasebook Fund

Dimikira mavambo kungava nhoroondo (chizvarwa) uye rakumbirwa. Peryvami kazhinji ndivo akatsiga mubatanidzwa mashoko akaipa zvisazitasingwi, pamwe archaisms uye historicism. Somuenzaniso, hapana kufukidza; chinhu; Hapana inokanganikwa, hapana inokanganikwa; nomuromo; pedyo nechisikirwo; imwe munwe; tsvina chirimwa nguva; hapana benzi.

Akakwereta runoonekwa kuva vakadaro igadzikane mubatanidzwa mashoko akapinda mutauro somunhu rakapedzwa chigadzirwa, kazhinji pasina rokushandura. nokukwereta Mitsara yakasiyana nzira. Mythology, mabhuku ekare, Scripture, kuunza ounyanzvi mabhuku nyika mumutauro akatsiga mubatanidzwa mashoko. Mienzaniso Mitsara wakatorwa kubva muchiLatin mutauro: Aruma mai, asi idee fixe, mumwe Tete-a-Tete. The Bible akapa akadaro akatsiga mashoko nomwanakomana anopambadza, Gwayana raMwari, bere vakapfeka matehwe emakwai, kugeza maoko, uye vamwe vakawanda. Of mabasa ingano vakapinda phraseological pavane mutauro wokuRussia uye mashoko chaizvoizvo aiva mukomana? (Gorky), hama dzedu duku (Esenin), kuparadzirwa nzou (M.Zoshchenko).

Kushandiswa Mitsara pakutaura

Tiri kutaura, zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa phraseological mashoko, unonakidza inopenya, akanaka uye kuratidza. Dimikira zvinosimbisa vachisimbisa nemashoko evanhu, anoratidza padanho dzidzo yake. Mitsara ruzivo uye kushandiswa pazvinhu mashoko akakodzera anotaura noumhizha akakwana.

Mano Mitsara kuti kune upenyu fungidzira kukosheswa venhau, nevanyori, vezvematongerwe enyika, vamiriri uye vamiririri dzimwe ounyanzvi hwokugadzira, chokuita kukurukura mabasa uye kushanda matauriro. Writers kazhinji kuchinja idioms, achiwedzera kwavari zvinhu arinonyanya epithets, izvo zvinoita kuti vatonyanya yokufananidzira upenyu uye. Kukosha akatsiga mubatanidzwa mashoko inova Zvinoshamisa kana kutsiva chikamu inogona kuenderera turnover.

Kusvibiswa Mitsara dzinoshandiswa nevanhu Titles dzinotevedzana, essays, reclamations. Dzakachinjwa mashoko ndohwaJehovha imwe boka Mitsara - occasionalisms.

phrasebook

Kana kushandisa akatsiga mubatanidzwa mashoko unofanira kuziva chaizvo semantics avo, kufunga manyorero mavambo. Associative zvikanganiso pakushandisa Mitsara, kururama kunzi kana chimwe chezvinonhuwira anotsiviwa Paronyms kana shoko kufanana-inorira (kuwa mumweya, dzinenge uverenge Cheshi), vachitaura nezvenhoroondo kusaziva mutauro uye Mabviro ezwi mutauro. Kururama, kushandiswa kukodzera pakati wokufananidzira mashoko akanyatsosiyana anochinja zvinoreva zvinotaura, zvinokanganisa zvinoita musoro (vakaimba ake nejichidza rwiyo, mumhanyi kudzidza rokupedzisira rwendo). Dzivisa zvikanganiso izvi kubatsira Phrasebook. Ivo anodudzira phraseological Unit, rinotsanangura matangiro, ndiwo mashoko zvakafanana uye zvirevo. In mitauro miviri uye mitauro mabhuku kupiwa shanduro noenderana.