Okunze ndiko kunyunguduka: unhu, zvinhu uye adaptations vanhu

Kunyunguduka Climate - kubva mamiriro okunze imwe mhando, izvo unoenderana imwe nyika kuti okunze zvikamu. Nepariri raiva pedyo North Pole. Izvi mhando yokuchinjira pakati kutonhora kweArctic uye mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka nemamiriro okunze. Kunyunguduka okunze kunodzora iri kuchamhembe hemisphere, uye muna South musi iwoyo Latitude riri pazasi-Antarctic.

Zvinorondedzerwa bhandi Zara pamwe kuchamhembe Canada, Alaska Peninsula, rwezasi kwemhenderekedzo Zimbabwe, kuchamhembe zvikamu Iceland, kuti Air Peninsula, kuFar East uye kuSiberia.

Climate Characteristics

• kunyunguduka okunze ane nevamwe chinhu: ine dzechando refu uye pfupi yechirimo (dzimwe nguva vasipo zvachose).
• The kutonga pamusoro madutu mugore (kweArctic, Siberia uye North America yechando, nguva dzose kutsiva mumwe).
• The kunonyanyisa tembiricha iri akanyanya kupisa mwedzi iri +15 ° C.
• Mugore rose, frosts zvinobvira. In yechando, kuti lämpömittari kazhinji kuratidzirana -5 ° C muzvitsuwa uye -40 ° C pamusoro yakaoma.
• The pasi tembiricha mhepo haina zvakazara mwando, pakwakanga kunayisa pamusoro okunze mapazi iduku kwazvo. Voparadzwa kunyanya yezhizha. Kunyange zvakadaro, nokuda yakaderera tembiricha kunonaya achiri kukasapfuura kwemvura, uye ichi kunokanganisa waterlogged nharaunda.
• In yechando, kana danda kuuya chando mhepo makore akatura tembiricha. Gouged makondinendi, unogona kusvika -60 ° C.
• Average chiratidzo kunze tembiricha dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana zvepanyama mapazi uye kure penyanza: a achinaya mvura yezhizha kushanda zvikasaitika, tembiricha iri July haachatyi +12 ° C, uye chena chando chakanyanyisa refu, kunayisa - asingasviki 300 mm; ari taiga mapazi ose kunayisa inowedzera kuti 400 mm / gore, kuonekwa zvakajeka, kunyange kwenguva pfupi, asi zhizha mwaka.
• Usiku polar uye pasi kureba zuva masikati inopiwa pamusoro munharaunda akaipa mwaranzi nepakati, izvo kunokanganisa nguva chando zvinokonzera penyika. Kunyange kana mamiriro okunze akabata kupisa kwemazuva mashomanana, ivhu ichiripo hapana nguva anodziya.

mhando

Kunyunguduka Climate rakakamurwa mhando huru 4. The chikuru chokuratidza ndiyo musiyano nyoro chando chakarurama (Köppen kupatsanura):

• DWC - mwero kutonhora kwekunze pamwe akaoma dzechando;
• dwd - chando chakaoma Climate pamwe frosts kusvika -40 ° C;
• dfc - mwero kutonhora kwekunze pamwe dzakafanana mwando;
• dfd - mwero kutonhora kwekunze pamwe tembiricha warm kusvika + 20 ° C.

Features

Kunyunguduka Climate mhando yave akaumba eponymous dzinongoitika nenzvimbo bhandi ne dzakadaro achinaya mvura uye dondo achinaya mvura.

Cold danda (tembiricha yepasisa) rakanyoreswa zviri Republic saha (Yakutia), ari. Oymyakon. Pane kunyunguduka Climate kunonyanya kuoma: tembiricha yepasisa rwakanga rwakakura pane kumativi -71 ° C. Average chando kutonhora Oimyakon Valley - -50 ° C. nzvimbo iyi anonzi nechokumusoro inogarwa munharaunda nyika.

upenyu hwevanhu

Izvi mhando okunze ndiko vanoshorwa igarwe nevanhu. The mamiriro ekunze vari kwazvo kuti kupona zvakaoma zvakakwana munzvimbo idzi. Zvisinei, upenyu munzvimbo idzi zvichiripo. Maererano nenhau dzakaitika vanhu evanhu dzakashandisa mamiriro imwe mhando okunze (ecotypes). Rimwe remasangano ari kweArctic adaptive mhando. Ichi vemo kuti anogara mukati kweArctic uye kunyunguduka okunze munyika dzine.

Kana vanhu vanogara zvachose mu kweArctic asingagoni, ipapo upenyu kunyunguduka zvichibvira. Chinhu bedzi kuona: ane pachake peculiarities ayo. Kwadzakabva vanhu kuna kunyunguduka okunze, zvinotora nguva refu zvikuru uye zvakaoma. Munzvimbo permafrost uye muchando ivhu rakaoma kuvaka imba, kunyanya mumaguta.

In murume Climate vo nezvakwakaipira: zvechigarire chando frosts uye muviri pasi kakawanda chikosoro nedzimwe hosha nemavhairasi, uye mazhinji nguva polar nousiku kukanganisa tsinga.

Chii chinoita upenyu hwomunhu mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro?

upenyu hwevanhu vari kunyunguduka mapazi kunobva zvachose mamiriro: muzhizha pfupi vanhu vanounganidza michero, howa uye miriwo. Taiga akapfuma yemhuka uye nedzimwe mhuka mumvura akapfuma hove.

Zvinoitwa Sub-kweArctic okunze rinojekesa kuti kurima zvirimwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro dzimwe nguva unogona kufadza, asi mune zvimwe zviitiko - mwoyo. uwandu zvokudya hakusi kugara chinhu, munhu akapfuma goho chirimo anogona kutsiviwa pamusoro dzakaonda chando. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mumamiriro rava kunyunguduka bhandi haana kuvakwa makuru maindasitiri maguta, vanhu vanogara mune misha shoma, izvo zvinogona zvokudya pachavo.

Mumakore achangopfuura, vanhu nguva dzose kudenha hunhu, uye kuti kwainzi hazviiti pamberi, zvino ava chokwadi. High ruzivo kukubatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko pakuvaka dzimba akakodzera kurarama munzvimbo idzi nehasha, uye nomukana zvashata chokufambisa inopa vanhu kure kuchamhembe zvigadzirwa kuti vari havatorina (michero, miriwo).

Zvinodiwa mienzaniso kwadzakabva vanhu kuti kunyunguduka ekunze? Vanhu vanogara munharaunda ino, dzakamanikidzwa zvokudya zvavo pachavo uye kutenga inodziya hembe. Chukchi uye Nenets zvinhu kubva poro matehwe uye furs. Vaita kunovhima uye hove zvokudya pachavo.

In mapazi iri kumaodzanyemba zviwi enzvimbo kuGungwa Barents, dzimwe nzvimbo Russia: Western kuSiberia, kumusoro-kumabvazuva uye East European Plain.