Yavaibvisa carbonate: wevacheche, zvivako, kugadzirira

Mushaba dota - zvinhu izvi zvechokwadi yaizivikanwa wose uye anenge munhu wose anoziva mienzaniso kupfuura zvishoma apo inogona kushandawo. Zita mukuru nefuma - yavaibvisa carbonate, kuti nzira - Na2CO3. Externally mushaba dota iri upfu chena, anogona anomirirwa muchimiro granules zvakafanana ruvara. Pane rimwe zita remubatanidzwa ichi - pasoda madota, asi pachiitiko ichi hapafaniri kuva zvikanganiso mupfungwa kuti hachisi chimwe kujairana nesu hwezuva nezuva, pasoda. Saka Anonziwo nokuti fuma chokuita pakugadzirira muitiro - calcination - kupera mvura mumuviri kuti crystalline yavaibvisa panguva pamatunhu tembiricha.

Carbonated mushaba - mumwe mukuru kuvazivisa zvinhu munhoroondo yevanhu. More Ancient Egypt zvinoratidza ane ruzivo pamusoro fuma yavaibvisa carbonate, iyo nzira izvo, Chokwadi, papfuura zvikanyorwa. Papyrus, isu kushuma kuti Egipita remubatanidzwa iri rakagadzirirwa kubva madziva akawanda, uyewo kubva padurunhuru akawana kubva incineration miti ine alkali. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Ijipiti yakaramba zvikuru mugadziri uye nokutengesa pasoda kutengeswa nyika kusvikira pakuguma XVII remakore, achiva yose mugungwa simba, kuIjipiti zvasungwa Spain sezvo aitungamirira nokutengesa pasoda nedota. Kwemaindasitiri, kukura maindasitiri matsva zvaanoitawo kuwedzera uwandu ichi fuma inokosha asi nokuti 1775 French Academy nokutanga yaiva yakakurumbira encyclopedists yakarongwa isina makwikwi kukura muindasitiri muitiro hwokubereka carbonated pasoda. The weNobel iri "zviitiko namakemikari" kwava akakurumbira mishonga French uye musayendisiti experimental Nikolay Leblan, uyo kokutanga muna 1792 rakanga industrially yakabereka yavaibvisa carbonate, iyo nzira iyo zvakanyorwa sezvo Na2CO3. Shanda LeBlanc aimiririra aite maitiro kubudisa pafuma yavaibvisa chloride pamwe dzinongoitika choko uye wemisanganiswa zviri yavaibvisa sulfate. The Zvakaitwa uchanyangadika rwaiwanikwa, rine Na2C03 uye CAS, kubva izvo mvura uye leached pamwe yavaibvisa carbonate, mukomboni kuti nzira - Na2CO3.

LeBlanc nzira kwenguva refu, yava rakakura indasitiri. Maererano nedzimwe ruzivo, kuvakwa mafekitari kuti kugadzirwa pasoda akatungamirira nekukura mumadhorobha agglomerations uye wevasungwa zvokuwedzera mumaguta munzvimbo. Mushaba kugadzirwa vakabatsira kuti pave nedzimwe nzvimbo makemikari indasitiri, akadai kugadzirwa sulfuric uye nitric acids.

Kugadzirwa mushaba kugadzirwa vakabatsira kukura anopa mbishi zvokuvakisa kugadzirwa simbi pyrites, munyu, saltpeter.

Chete hafu yezana remakore gare gare nzira LeBlanc akazviratidza aikwikwidza - amoniya pasoda kugadzirwa nzira. Zvakanga danho mberi, sezvo zvaida zvishoma basa, kupisa, mbishi zvinhu, uye somugumisiro, zviri isingadhuri zvikuru.

It cheapening kugadzirwa pave kwaita yeimwe akadai yavaibvisa, kugadzirira iyo pave pakuwedzera chikumbiro rine sezvokudya chigadzirwa, zvino anozivikanwa nezita zvokudya chirungiso E-500 - kugocha pasoda.

Chemical ehupfumi calcium carbonate padurunhuru zvinotevera. The fuma iri hygroscopic, kureva absorbs mwando chaizvo zvakanaka, chii, nokuti chokwadi, kupfuura kamwe, mumwe akagutsikana.

Kuwedzera mvura, uye absorbs carbon dioxide, riri mudenga sezvamunoita. Izvi zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo apo yokuchengeta fuma. Character kwavatori mushaba mvura kunonyanya kubva padanho mwando tembiricha.

Kana neshungu, mukomboni iri yaora kupinda carbon dioxide inobvisa uye oxide. Mushaba iri vakaita ane acid, Somuenzaniso, yavaibvisa carbonate, hydrochloric asidhi kunokonzerwa nesungano pakati mufananidzo carbon dioxide.

Yavaibvisa carbonate rinoshandiswa maindasitiri gadzira regirazi, pendi uye varnishes, Sipo uye detergents. ehupfumi Its kubvumira kushandisa mukomboni iyi wokunatswa mafuta, papermaking, kugadzirwa caustic pasoda uye yavaibvisa munyu.