Hydrochloric asidhi

Rehydrogen chloride gasi anenge 1,3 nguva kunorema kupfuura mhepo. Haana ruvara, asi unopinza cheYangon uye noruzhinji kwakanaka. Pamusangano tembiricha kuti kubvisa 84C, rehydrogen chloride gasi inopfuura kubva mvura ehurumende, uye solidifies panguva kubvisa 112C. Rehydrogen chloride yakanyauka mumvura. Imwe fő pamusoro H2O anogona kudzidza kuvenga kusvika 500 ml gasi. The Kugadzirisa unonzi ayo hydrochloric asidhi kana hydrochloric acid. Nekutsvaga hydrochloric asidhi pa 20C, dzinoratidzwa kufadza zvinokwanisika zvakawanda chikamu chikuru fuma kuti 38%. The mhinduro - ane simba monobasic asidhi (mu mhepo "anosvuta mabhokisi", uye mwando kuwanikwa kana achiumba iine acid mhute), uyewo ane mamwe mazita: hydrochloric, uye Ukrainian Nomenclature - asidhi chloride. Makemikari fomura inogona kumiririrwa mu chimiro ichi: HCl. Matadza gobvu ndiro 36,5 g / nhuta. Density kuti kuramba hydrochloric asidhi pa 20 ° C akaenzana 1.19 g / cm³. Ichi kunokuvadza nenhumbi rwevharanda kirasi ngozi wechipiri.

Mu "pakaoma" chimiro rehydrogen chloride havagoni kushamwaridzana yezviri nesimbi, asi pamberi mwando maitiro zvinobuda zvikuru zvakasimba. Izvi simba hydrochloric asidhi anokwanisa sei ose simbi dziri kurudyi hydrogen iri electrochemical akatevedzana. Uyezve, zvaanoita pamwe inokosha uye amphoteric oxides, nezvigadziko uye munyu ne:

• Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2 ↑;
• 2HCl + CuO → CuCl2 + H2O;
• 3HCl + Fe (OH) 3 → FeCl3 + 3H2O;
• 2HCl + Na2CO3 → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 ↑;
• HCl + AgNO3 → AgCl ↓ + HNO3.

Kuwedzera zvavo ehupfumi yo nomumwe ane simba acid, hydrochloric asidhi rave kwomuviri mu pfungwa yokushanda chimiro ikasakendenga siyana oxidizing nevasori, anosunungura akasununguka kuiisa chlorine. Munyu wenyika iine acid chlorides runhare. Zvinenge zvose zviri nyore soluble mumvura dissociate zvachose kupinda ions. Zvishoma soluble vari: Kutungamirira chloride PbCl2, sirivha chloride AgCl, mercurous chloride Hg2Cl2 (calomel) uye cuprous chloride CuCl. Rehydrogen chloride anokwanisa kupinda Kuwedzera kumashoko unsaturated Mahydrocarbon vakavirikidza kana katatu chisungo, sezvamakaropafadzwa chlorinated Organic yeimwe kuumbwa.

Murabhoritari mamiriro rehydrogen chloride inotengwa kana pachena kuti aiyanika yavaibvisa chloride pamwe sulfuric asidhi conc. Zvaakazoita pasi ezvinhu akasiyana kunogona kuitika kuti aumbe yavaibvisa munyu (kana iine acid svikiro):

• H2SO4 + NaCl → NaHSO4 + HCl
• H2SO4 + 2NaCl → Na2SO4 + 2HCl.

Wokutanga kuita ichipfuurapo yakaderera kupisa, wechipiri - panguva tembiricha yakakwirira. Saka, mune chloride murabhoritari rehydrogen nani unogamuchira nzira yokutanga, idzo uwandu sulfuric asidhi inokurudzirwa kutora mwero okutambirwa NaHSO4 asidhi munyu. Zvadaro, pedyo Kuparadzwa rehydrogen chloride mumvura inotengwa hydrochloric acid. In indasitiri, zvinonzi yaunganidzwa ichipfuta mumhepo rehydrogen kana kuiisa chlorine kukanganisa yakaoma yavaibvisa chloride (chete yechipiri maitiro mukana wokuti vanhu vanga) kuti sulfuric asidhi conc. Uyewo rehydrogen chloride inotengwa kuva byproduct iri chlorination pamusoro nomuti Organic yeimwe. In indasitiri, rehydrogen chloride vakawana nomumwe pamusoro nzira yakanga ichiputswa peshongwe inokosha umo mvura iri apfuura kubva kumusoro kusvikira pasi, uye gasi akapa kubva pasi kumusoro, i.e. pamusoro countercurrent musimboti.

Hydrochloric asidhi iri kuendeswa mu inokosha gummed Matangi kana midziyo, uyewo mune dhiramu 50 fő mapurasitiki kana girazi mabhodhoro pamwe vanokwanisa 20 litres. Kana maitiro asidhi pamwe simbi pane njodzi putika rehydrogen-mhepo wemisanganiswa. Saka, inofanira kubviswa somugumisiro kunyorera aumba rehydrogen maitiro pamwe mhepo zvachose, asi (via anticorrosive coatings) iine acid kuonana simbi. Asati outputting apparatuses uye mapaipi, apo akanga akachengetwa kana zvifambiswe, nokuti kugadziriswa, zvakakodzera kuitisa senitrogen Kuchenesa uye kuongorora mamiriro gasi danho.

Rehydrogen chloride zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa maindasitiri kugadzirwa murabhoritari. Rinoshandiswa kuti etching simbi kugadzirira munyu uye sechipiriso reagent mu Analytical zveBhaibheri. Hydrochloric asidhi rinobudiswa pedyo hwokugadzira GOST 857-95 (chinyorwa chiri akafanana International Standard ISO 905-78), reagent - maererano GOST 3118-77. Concentration of michina chigadzirwa anoenderana unhu uye siyana uye angava 31.5%, 33% kana 35%, uye chigadzirwa nechitarisiko yellowish nokuda zviri simbi kusachena kuiisa chlorine nezvimwe makemikoro. Reactive asidhi inofanira kuva Hauoneki uye läpinäkyvä mvura ine vakawanda chikamu 35 kubva kuna 38%.