Winter zvirimwa kudyara, kuchengetedza Tillage, chinokonzera rufu

Winter zvirimwa kurima zvaiitwa kurimwa nyanyisa anogona kupa goho kusvika 60-80 makirogiramu / Ha. Kuti vaite basa zvakadaro, zvinokosha kuti tiite pokutangira kugadzirira pasina kukanganisa mabikirwo kutevedza pakudyara misi, shandisa Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri rokudyara nzira yakananga kwemauto uye kutarisira zvakanaka zvinomera zviri munguva kukura uye kuibvisa. Ipapo rufu zvirimwa muchando zvingaderedzwa kune shoma parameters.

Pfungwa chando uye chirimo zvirimwa

Winter zvirimwa - miriwo pagore, bota, kazhinji nechipiriso mhuri. zvirimwa zvakadai vari nedanho raro anokosha inoda overwintering nguva yakawanda. zvirimwa yechando Dyara vanofanira kuwa, uye pashure pokukohwa yechando. Mhando idzi zvinomera zviri chando gorosi, bhari uye rye.

Uyezve, pane zvirimwa yechando chitubu chingwa. Kusiyana zvirimwa muchando muchirimo zvirimwa vanoda kudyara in spring, kumorwa mugore yokudyara. Izvi mbesa pagore zvinoda yepamusoro tembiricha inodziya chitubu zuva. zvirimwa izvi zvinosanganisira maonero remvura gorosi, bhari, rye, oats, mapfunde, uye dzimwe mhando dzakawanda.

Advantages chando zvirimwa

Spring nechando zvirimwa zviri zvikuru kushandiswa mune zvokurima, nemarudzi zvinomera aya aidya mhuka, furawa azvikuya uye zvakare kudyiwa nevanhu.

Zvisinei, kuti marudzi miti yechando vanokosheswa zvikuru nokuti vane guru zvoutachiona zvinobatsira:

1. tsika Winter anogona kuunganidza zvikuru gobvu hwapedyo panguva chando midzi.
2. Mushure ruzivo miti yechando Kurumidza kuenda kukura. Vari midzi ipapa uye somugumisiro yapfuura ichiibvira.
3. Masora zvirimwa muchando haisi chipingamupinyi: ivo zvinobudirira inorwa ari kukura uye kungoita achinyudza navo kwavo uremu.

Mukuwedzera, mumatsutso kudyara uye mangwanani pakumora mvumo kutura kukakavadzana okurima basa.

Yakafanira yokudyara nguva kunowedzera hardiness zvirimwa muchando

Winter zvirimwa vane matunhu chando nemishonga uye chando hardiness. Winter hardiness anobvumira chirimwa kuchinjira kumamiriro ezvinhu muchando. Kazhinji, pfuma iyi zvinoenderana worudzii chirimwa. Zvisinei, zvakawanda zvinoenderana nevanhu chinhu: zvakakosha zvakanaka kugadzirira miti nokuti chando uye kushandisa yepamusoro okurima mukoti. Hardiness nokuramba nokuomesa, zvinotora nzvimbo mumatanho maviri. Nhanho yokutanga unobuda panguva inodziya tembiricha uchagumburwa 8-15 inegumi. In danho rechipiri vane kuguma matsutso nguva simba tembiricha kutonhora iri akatura kusvika 5 inegumi.

Chokutanga danho iri anokonzera wakawedzera kuunganidza makabhohaidhiretsi mune miti. Pakupera wokutanga nezvenguva shuga siyana zviri tsika 2-3 nguva kupfuura pakutanga kwenguva. Makabhohaidhiretsi chirimwa achashandisa chitubu kubatsira simba kukura. Uyezve, shuga kuzadzisa unokosha unodzivirira ushande.

Munguva chechipiri kutotanga chirimwa munyama vari tasara tisina mvura, muupenyu chirimwa mumasero. Zvinonzi tawirwa kuchinja uye kistochny muto, izvo zvinobatsira kubudirira hardiness. Pakutanga chando kusvika 5 madhigirii chirimwa masero vanoumba nyore fuma inowedzera osmosis mukati masero. Culture kwenguva yemberi mvura uye inowedzera midzi yawo yakayamwa simba. Pakazosvika nguva yapera yechipiri Pasika kuomesa mumasero muchando zvirimwa vane anodiwa ezvinhu kuti supercooling. Complex yeimwe vari wakavanamatira nyore zvinhu.

Kudyara zvirimwa chando kunobva okunze zvechadenga imwe nharaunda. In hwokumusoro kumatunhu chirimwa zvinoberekwa August, kumaodzanyemba - muna September kana October. The huru musimboti - kuti miti nokuti overwintering kusimbisa midzi uye vanosangana achiomesa pachikuva zvakanaka. Usangomhanyira pakudyara: zvinomera pasisina pasi dzakasiyana-siyana zvirwere uye mabhakitiriya. Zvisinei, belated zvirimwa kana chando pamberi frosts havana nguva yokukudziridza midzi uye kugadzirira chando. It Vakawana kuti nokuti kuipa kukura uye pakagadzwa zvirimwa kunoda dzinenge 45-60 mazuva pamwe kutonhora pazasi 5 Celsius.

gorosi kudyara ngazviitwe ipapa kudyarwa rye. Izvi imhaka yokuti pashure yokudyara rye achiri kuramba vachiwedzera, apo gorosi akatotanga vakarega izvozvo.

Nzira dzekufambisa zvirimwa muchando

Pane nzira dzakawanda yokudyara zvirimwa muchando. Zvikurukuru, unofanira kuomerera mutemo uyu: zvinokosha nechokwadi yunifomu kuparadzirwa mbeu mumunda wose nzvimbo. Razbrosnoy kudyarwa zvirimwa chando anosika kupfuura akanaka ezvinhu nokuda kuibvisa mumwe chirimwa. Nokuti nzira iyi seeding, rinokosha mudziyo - munhu seeder. Zvisinei, izvi DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA kurimwa muitiro yokudyara, chinoguma mudukusa kushanda kwayo vakawanda plantings.

Private kudyarwa zvirimwa muchando chinogona kukamurwa marudzi vanoverengeka zvichienderana upamhi pakati pemitsara;

• Muzvarirwo (upamhi pakati pemitsara 15-18 cm);
• up drills (upamhi pakati mitsara 7.5-9 cm);
• muchinjikwa (drills anomunzwira crosswise);
• shirokorjadnyj (upamhi pakati pemitsara 45-90 cm);
• Belt (rakatumbuka paupamhi uye yakamanikana misara);
• Dziine (kunyange chimwe urongwa mbeu).

Panewo sikweya-sumbu maonero kudyara mbeu iyo vane pamakona ane mativi.

In gadzira yemanyorero kushandisa kwakajairika rakasimba seeding, asi namahwindo drills chirimwa anonzi zvikuru akakodzera ichi. Nemhaka ivhu compaction kubva motokari nematarakita anofamba pamusoro munda akatanga kuita chirimwa pamwe residual upamhi nokuda kwacho. Ukuru njanji kwakadaro akaenzana 180 kana 140 cm. Nzira iyi haruitiri chirimwa uye asingauyi kukuvadza ivhu, iyo anovandudza kukura ezvinhu zvirimwa muchando.

Pre-vanodyara ivhu gadziriro pashure chiutsi tsika

Soil Tillage nokuti zvirimwa chando zvinoberekwa nzira zjablevoj. Izvi mhando kunosanganisira achirima mumatsutso uye 1-2 peeling. Achirima munda zvinofanira kuitwa kushoma kudzika 20-22 cm. Spring kushanda pasi zvirimwa muchando anofanira kutanga pakazovharwa unyoro. Panguva iyi zviri sevanokosha anenge 4-5 ne ambopinda cultivations kana munguva yakaoma nokukanda. Kwokupedzisira kurimwa zvinofanira kuitika panguva imwe kudzika seeding.

Winter zvirimwa zvinoda chaiyo ivhu kugadzirira: dzokurima kushandisa mapadza uye nembambo vane skimmers uye iwo rollers. Pashure kuitisa mabasa akadai ivhu rinofanira kuramba takachena uye akasunungura pamberi chakasimwa zvirimwa muchando. Izvi rworudzi pokutangira kugadzirira rinoitwa mushure chiutsi Precursors.

Pokutangira kugadzirira pashure nonfallow zvirimwa

Ivhu pashure nonfallow chirimwa anofanira kuva maererano mabikirwo kurimwa yapfuura chirimwa. Pashure spiked mhando zvakakurumbira kushandisa poluparovoe vairima ivhu, kana zvinhu zviri hwevhu. Basa kunofanira kusanganisira anenge 2-3 cultivations. Pakaoma nevhu kuitisa rokutanga akachekwa, uye ipapo kakawanda munda wakarimwa nokukanda uye ambopinda. Pashure muunganidzwa Perennial plants kupedza kurima gejo pamwe namapadza avo, kana ivhu mwando iri yakakwana pamwero.

Kana munda kusvikira ichi akura pizi, Mufurakisi kana zvimwe grouts zvirimwa, zvinokosha kuti vamurimire uye vasati seeding kurimwa saizvozvo senguva dzose.

Nzira Minimum Tillage

Pane nzira Minimum Tillage kuti zvirimwa muchando. Kana lähikuva ichi chinogadzirwa kune shoma zvinoita udzamu apo vachiita mamwe mashandiro. mhando iyi kubudiswa anobvumira kuderedza nguva uye simba rakawanda kuti kubudiswa, uyewo kuderedza uwandu pemipata kuburikidza mumunda michina. Izvi inovandudzika zvikuru agrochemical uye mvura-mumuviri zvechadenga ivhu.

Ezvidzidzo ichi mhando kurapwa pachishandiswa anokosha michina pamwe dhisiki kana ploskoreznoj zvikamu. mano akadaro chete vanopfuura uye anogona kusunungura anoyera, uye chiine ivhu.

Chii chinogona kunokonzerwa nokufirwa zvirimwa muchando?

The zvinokonzera rufu yechando zvirimwa zvakasiyana siyana. On chirimwa upenyu kunogona kukanganisa zvose zvakasikwa ezvinhu uye zvokuimba kukuvara. Natural ezvinhu anokonzerwa nokukurumidza kuchinja tembiricha, mukuru kunonaya, simba uye refu frosts, kurega kunotanga kuti unyoro uye mvura panyika pamusoro. Uyezve, yechando chirimwa chinogona pasi fungal zvirwere.

Freezing. Sei kudzivisa?

The inonyanya kukonzera rufu zvirimwa muchando - kuoma nechando. Nekuti kwenguva refu pasi tembiricha echando siyana vari chirimwa mumasero. Somugumisiro, sero cytoplasm anoramba pasina mvura, sezvo puroteni raparadzwa. Paumbwe chando mukati masero ane zvaparadza basa miti upenyu. Zvikurukuru ngozi chitubu frosts, sezvo yechando yemiti haagoni kukunda tembiricha yakaderera 8-10 madhigirii panguva iyi.

Kudzivisa kurasikirwa zvirimwa muchando nokuda kwavo kuoma nechando kunze, unofanira kudyara chete chando nemishonga mhando dzakashandisa imwe chirimwa nzvimbo, kana kuti nyika windbreaks.

Damping-kure. Sei kudzivisa?

Chimwe chikonzero yakajairika rufu miti yechando - damping-kure. Izvi zvinoitika kana ivhu pamusoro chando hakurevi itye kwenguva refu, uyewo rushoma nechando ivhu. Chikamu-nechando ivhu kana paumbwe chando goko pamusoro pemvura miti yechando vapenyu pasi pokudzora chiedza, asi chiedza chezuva haagoni kupinda nechando goko. Apo damping-kure miti yechando anofa nokushayiwa chiedza muna chando. Uyezve, attenuated inotonhorera kushaikwa, chando zviumbe varwere zvirimwa.

The zvirimwa havana kukanganiswa damping-kure, zvinofanira nekuumbanidzwa ivhu rollers, kana vakawira mangwanani chando. Zvakakosha kudzivisa senitrogen fetiraiza uye mangwanani kudyarwa. In zvinoitirwawo rinorema kunonaya zvakafanira mhanyisa chirongwa utsotso, kusunungura chando.

Waterlogging. Nzira hondo

Waterlogging sezvo chimwe chikonzero rufu zvinomera, kazhinji rinowanikwa pamapani ivhu nevhu kana munzvimbo mvura kazhinji rinoungana. Plants kufa nokuda kufema kukundikana pezvakaitwa: kunyanya mari makabhohaidhiretsi kuraramisa upenyu. Muna 2 weeks idzi mamiriro mbesa zvachose kufa. Kuitira kudzivisa zvinokonzerwa zvakawandisa mvura, kuti aite chirimwa mhando husingakwanisi mafashamo uye zvichiita kuti kubviswa pamusaka unyoro.

Kazhinji, zvinomera vari kufa nemhaka paumbwe echando crusts. Zvikuru ngozi upenyu miti segirazi goko. Zvinonzi kuumbwa panguva nyungudika, kana akanyauka mvura yaita chando yakaderera tembiricha. Ice zvingaite zvose panguva ivhu pamusoro uye yakadzika mukati maro. Plants anobatwa mune chando. Iumbe chando goko asina kukanganiswa zvinomera, zvakakodzera kuiparadza, muchidimbu kana zvachose.

Kuti aponese tasara tisina mvura zvinomera uye kudzivisa zvimwe zvinetso zvakakomba kuti kukura zvirimwa vanoda nguva ivhu uye kushandisa chitubu compacting.

Rufu nezvirwere yechando uye tupukanana

Kudzivisa kuparadzwa zvirimwa muchando nezvirwere uye tupukanana, mabasa akadaro kunodiwa kuti tiite munguva yakafanira;

• kudzivisa waterlogging uye damping-kure pezvakaitwa;
• etch mbeu pamberi yokudyara;
• kuitisa chokudzivirira kurapwa zvirimwa mishonga yezvipembenene pasipasi wevasungwa;
• Custom Scans zvirimwa kudzora zvirimwa utano;
• pamberi kukuvara chirimwa nokuda tupukanana kana zvirwere kuti vaongorore ngozi kupararira zvakakanganisika uye kurasikirwa zvirimwa;
• zvichienderana mwero panjodzi kuti dzinoona zvirimwa zvaida wevasungwa kwemishonga yezvipembenene.

zvabuda

Spring nechando zvirimwa zvinofanira akura vachishandisa nyanyisa ruzivo. Nomazvo, nesayenzi inobva kusvika kurima zviyo kuchaita dzakakwirira goho pamwe kunonyanyisa profitability.