Wilensky cheTheotokos: pamusoro kunyengetera?

Pakati zvakawanda zvinoshamisa mufananidzo wemhandara chatinokoshesa Vilna mufananidzo Amai vaMwari. Iye ane akapfuma chaizvo kare, inova achiri kuitwa kubva nevaapostora nguva. Uyewo nokuda kwayo Kuporesa siyana akawanda, chete kubatsira nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana zvinoitwa nevanhu. Pari, ndandanda chifananidzo ichi Amai vaMwari iri muna Vilnius, Mutsvene Monastery (uye icon yepakutanga akarasika pashure zviitiko Civil Hondo uye Hondo Yenyika II).

Legend nezvekwakabva icon

Vilna mufananidzo Amai Mwari ane nhoroondo inokosha mavambo (uyewo nevamwe vazhinji vakaita kwaari). Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakanga zvakanyorwa panguva apo nyika Iisus Hristos apo iye akanga ari mupenyu Amai vaMwari. In Constantinople, maererano nengano, iye wakabuda Palestine, izvo zvinoratidzwa zita raro - ". Jerusarema" "Tsaregradskaya," kana

History Icon muRussia

Rakarurama shanduro chii akazviratidza muna Russia Vilna kuvake Amai vaMwari, kwete. On mumwe wavo, muMoscow uyu mufananidzo rekare vakauya Sofey Paleolog muna 1472. Muchindakadzi akazova mudzimai John III. Pane imwe shanduro sei icon yaiva Russia. mambo Greek akatumira sechipo kuna mambo Galicia uye Galician hugota pashure akarikunda uye akatamira kuMoscow gavhuna.

Chero zvakanga, asi muna 1495 kuvake ichi kuropafadza muchato Princess Elena, mwanasikana John III. Pamwe chete naye, akatamira Vilnius, guta guru Lithuania. Zviri pachena, ndokusaka zvakanzi mazita Vilna. Apo muchindakadzi mupenyu, mufananidzo yekare yaiva yake makamuri.

Pashure Elena afa, asi izvi zvakaitika muna January 1513, temberi akaiswa pamusoro guva kwake nokufungidzira Cathedral iri Vilnius (izvi waiti vake kuda). Raiva yakagara Lithuania uye Metropolitan pakati Kiev uye mumwe mukuru uye vekare netemberi muguta guru. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vakaona uchapupu kuti Elena pachine akapa temberi chifananidzo, uye kwete kubva nguva yokufa kwake, akanga aripo.

An dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti mifananidzo iyi airamba vavezve Grand Duchy kuMoscow. vazhinji kutereswa nokuti aronga, asi kurwiswa vose akarambwa.

Nhoroondo icon panguva paumbwe bhodhi iri Uniate

Wilensky cheTheotokos, pashure pokunge mashoko Brest Church Union, akakurudzirwa St. Nicholas Church. Izvi zvakaitika nekuti Cathedral of cheTheotokos, apo mufananidzo rakava Uniate, Orthodox uye vakaedza kuchengeta kutenda kwavo zvinokosha zvinoera. Zvisinei, muna 1609 akatamira kune Uniate uye St. Nicholas chechi, saka kwakasarudzwa kuti mudzorere Vilna icon yacho kudzokera Church.

Zvakazoitika zvakatungamirira chii kunze akatendeukira kuna Vilna Icon Mutsvene Trinity Church wemamonk. Pashure moto 1610 kumonasitiri Prechistensky kwaizotevera rokugadzira yemo dhipatimendi hwakatamisirwa Mutsvene Utatu Church. Maererano nedzimwe mishumo vakati kuti icon kamwe akatora navo, nedzimwe uchapupu hunoratidza kuti pashure dongo Prechistenskaya chechi mufananidzo hwakatamisirwa Utatu Church. Chero zvakanga, asi muna muna 1652 zvakanga zvapera nezvayo panotaurwa kuti pamberi mufananidzo Vilna kwakapedziswa ose Mugovera akathist ndiye Trinity Church.

Mune ramangwana, hazvina chete vanobviswa guta uye temberi panguva yehondo. Somuenzaniso, muna 1654-1667, ukuwo, panguva yeHondo Polish uye mumakore 1700-1721, panguva Great Northern War. kokutanga nayo kutsvaka kubudikidza sezvakarayirwa Moscow chevaux Alexei kudzoka, asi haana kuvawana.

Muna 1707 icon yakavakwa kuti Kyoto mutsva (rapfuura gore akanyangarika kwokutanga mumoto), gilded dzaro makore mashoma. Kuedza uchatamisa mufananidzo Russian Empire zvikanyarara, sezvo asina kubata kunyange pashure Vilna yakatora kuRussia, uye pashure kudzimwa pakati mubatanidzwa.

Kubvira ipapo, iye akanga ari chechechi iyi, asi rakanga anobviswa muHondo Yenyika I, zvimwe nzira kwayo harizivikanwi. Muchechi iri Vilnius ndiyo kopi chaiwo icon (uyewo, sezvineiwo, nechishamiso).

Iconography mufananidzo

Nokuti zvaAtemisi mifananidzo iyi vakabayiwa mapuranga mana - miti miviri zvomusiperesi, uye vaviri nyepera. Maererano nzira yavo kunyora zvikuru zvakafanana Jerusarema kuvake (pachena, izvi uye ndiko chikonzero kuti dzimwe nguva inonzi "Jerusarema"). Panewo kufanana ne Georgian Tikhvin uye mifananidzo.

On icon unogona kuona mhandara, vachibatirira Child yake rworuboshwe ruoko. pachena chitsitsinho chake uye anotarira, rwake rworuboshwe nekuzorora namabvi ake ane mupumburu, uye rworudyi unomutswa chikomborero.

Paaigara refu mutembere kuvake vashoma zvinopiswa anokosha nezvinhu. Muna 1677, nokuti chifananidzo chakaita Vakadzingana gemenzi sirivha. The mbatya sirivha vaiva vanaamai nevana, makondo uye maruva kuti vakanga vanoratidzwa ndarama. Zvinoratidzawo kuti icon iri necheshure anotaurwa muzviruva. Pamusoro Amai Mwari aiva korona yendarama, vachitsigirwa nengirozi dzendarama, uye pamusoro korona mwana vaiva omoto.

Tikafunga icon ndiyo yakawanda ndiro sirivha, uye siyana zvishongo zvinokosha (marozari, maparera, mabwe anokosha, nendarama nesirivha zvishongo). Kana muna 1866, akaita kudzorerwa, kugadzira uye kuchenesa chifananidzo, kuti vose zvishongo uye sirivha, iyo akabviswa icon, iyo mari itsva yakaitwa, uyewo haloes itsva nengoda uye mangoda. More mifananidzo vakaurayiwa furemu yendarira.

mazuva mhemberero

Munguva mhemberero mufananidzo weveta nhamba mbiri. zuva rokutanga - zviri February 15, kuti chiitiko chiri yakarongwa kuti iitike kuchinjwa Icon muna Vilna, iyo yakaitwa 1495. A zuva kupemberera rechipiri - ndiye April 14.

Prayer kuti Icon

Zvakanaka aizivikanwa siyana zvishamiso Vilna mufananidzo Amai vaMwari. Chii kunyengetera pamberi mufananidzo uyu? Kazhinji yarinopa minyengetero uye chikumbiro kuderedza kana kurapa zvirwere zvavo zvomudzimu. Zviri kuporesa izvi, uye vakakudza mufananidzo. Ndizvo zvavari kutaura mumunyengetero uye kero kuna Amai vaMwari pamberi kuvake ichi.

Kukumbira vadzivirirwe matambudziko akasiyana-siyana, nokuti kununurwa pachivi, kubva vavengi kudzivirirwa siyana. Pane munamato chaiyo, iyo unogona kuwana icon, asi haina kuva yoga akathist, Troparion uye Kontakion.

Nokudaro, pana vose apa, Wilensky cheTheotokos zviri zvikuru utsva zvose.

Brama kuvake

Uyewo Vilnius hakuna zvishoma vairemekedza mufananidzo, riri dzimwe nguva kuvhiringidzwa apa. Rinewo mupfumi uye kare kare zvikuru asi, uye shanduro dzakawanda kwayo mavambo. It Vilna Gedhi Dawn mifananidzo, iyo panguva iyoyo iri Lithuania, muna Chapel of Dawn.

Mabviro mifananidzo iyi inonakidza zvikuru. Vamwe vanodavira kuti mufananidzo uyu akaunzwa kubva Chersonese (Korsun), saka kumwewo uye inonzi "The Annunciation pamusoro Korsun." Duke Algirdas vakamuisa kubva chirongwa pamusoro Tatars uye akapa mukadzi wake Mariya. Zvisinei, mudzimai wake wechipiri akapa icon Mutsvene Trinity wemamonk.

Maererano wechipiri ngano, icon pachake akazviratidza pachitsuwa pasuwo muna 1431 regumi namana April. Asi pane tsika wechitatu, maererano izvo mufananidzo Ioann Paleolog vakatuma Omani Prince Olgerd mushure kuchiKristu. Saka, pakanga chishamiso yainamatirwa pamusoro Lithuanian ivhu.

Days kupemberera uye munyengetero kuna icon

Vilna Gedhi Dawn mufananidzo Amai vaMwari ine mazuva ayo kupemberera. nguva yokutanga gore rino chichaitwa musi April 14. zuva rino rokuyeuchidza zvitatu Lithuanian Martyrs. inowira December 26 pazuva wokurangarira rechipiri.

mhedziso

In mhedziso, tinoona kuti mufananidzo wemhandara Vilna, kufanana Mercy, zvinokosha chaizvo kuti vanhu Orthodox. Kunyange zvazvo zvapedzisira mufananidzo airemekedzwa nevanhu Orthodox uye rechiGiriki vaKaturike somugumisiro zvakaitika musi munharaunda Lithuania. Izvi zvose zvinoratidza kuti kutenda kwechokwadi asina miganhu, kana kutaura varevereri dzedu nomwoyo wakachena uye kuremekedza, zvechokwadi achabatsira iyi, dzimwe nguva izvi hazvisi nyore, gwara roupenyu.