Where zvikure orkideat? Orchids musango

Blooming Orchid anogona shongedza musha chero. Unowedzera ruvara kuti mukati, anosika kunzwa freshness uye kunyaradzwa. Asi munhu wose anoziva kuti Orchid harina nguva dzose ari mumaruva ruva, zvakasikwa kunongova akawanda runako. Where orkideat kurai dzomusango? Iyo nyika inofanira kuenda kunakidzwa nokuona kunaka zvinomera? Mibvunzo iyi munokosha kutsvaka hwakadzama mhinduro.

Imhandoi miti

Our kufarira orkideat tiri mumwe mukuru zvinomera. Akasimbisa kuvapo kwavo kusvikira shure sezvo Late Cretaceous nguva. Maererano zvesayenzi kupatsanura pakati Orchid mhuri ndohwaJehovha weDhipatimendi maruva zvinomera, monocots kirasi, hurongwa asparagales zvirimwa. zita Latin - orchidaceae.

In zvachose mune zvinopfuura zviuru 35. Mhando orkideat. Kutaura zvazviri, zvinomera izvi zvinoumba chikamu zvose mavara dzenyika wechinomwe. Asi havana zvinoshamisa akasiyana zvose nechimiro uye ruvara, uye kukura. Saka, ndiani iye, runako, Orchid? Apo inokura (nyika, makondinendi)? Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinodiwa? Rinhiko kuti vanhu vazive nezvazvo?

Wokutanga kutaurwa

In Verona, pamusoro kupikidura Monte kukkaro, mukuru zvimedu orkideat dzawanikwa. A ruva zita sezvaari nomumwe muzivi wechiGiriki Theophrastus, vaigara 6-5 emakore BC. Beautiful chirimwa muzivi kwaisanganisira mune hurongwa bhuku iri mishonga bhotani, rinonzi De Historia Plantarum. Masayendisiti Ancient kwakaratidza kuti 2 tubercle mujinga midzi vakafanana manhu evanhu, saka akadana chirimwa "orkideat" (muchiGiriki zvinoreva 'zai "). In zvedzidzo yeChina, zita richiri kushandiswa nhasi, miti inonzi orchidaceae, kana Yatryshnikovye.

musayendisiti Dioskrid ane nguva muupenyu chakaitika muzana remakore rokutanga AD, anotaura orkideat muzvinyorwa ake. Anotaura kuti chirimwa aizivikanwa kuti vaAztec (Mexico), uye vaishandisa mumwe wavo, zvikurukuru Vanilla, kuumba anonhuwira chinwiwa.

Uye pano ndiyo bhuku rokutanga kurima orkideat rakanyorwa China regumi remakore. Paiva yakawanda mashoko kukura kupi orkideat, kusimbisa rakanga sei vashongedze yako imba bloomer uye kuti vangazvidzivirira kumidzimu yakaipa.

muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano

Sezvo mhuri zvinomera zviri zvikuru, zvinonzi mamwe dziya muzvikwata:

• boka epiphytic orkideat, izvo kurarama miti;
• boka zvinomera saprophytic vanorarama pachivande;
• boka pano orkideat.

Zvino, achiziva kuti orkideat vanogona kukura mune zvavari ezvinhu akasiyana, zvinokwanisika kutaura kuparadzirwa zvavo.

Kuparadzirwa orchid

Orchid zvirimwa mune mumakondinendi ose. No rombo chete Antarctica, asi pane kazhinji tugovato zvirimwa. Vamiririri Most anogona kuwanikwa munyika dzinopisa latitudes. Izvi imhaka zvikuru akanaka ezvinhu nokuda kukura. In dzinopisa, chikuru nhamba epiphytic Orchid marudzi.

In dzinodziya latitudes pfungwa yakajairika pano herbaceous Perennial plants. Vangave rhizomatous uye tuberous. Asi orkideat hamuzi zvikuru pane munzvimbo dzinopisa. Kana tikafunga hwokumusoro hemisphere, muna unozvidzora latitudes, apo pane pano orkideat boka, anogona kuwanikwa kwete kupfuura 75 genera. Izvi vanenge 10%. Uye pakati latitudes of Southern Hemisphere nayo inomiririrwa dzinokwana 40 kuzvarwa.

Yaimbova Soviet Union anogona kuwanikwa kusvika 49 genera Orchids.

Masayendisiti aidzidza zvimiso weboka orkideat pamusoro okunze Province:

1. Wokutanga kunosanganisira Central America, South America, Africa nedzimwe nzvimbo nemhenderekedzo, riri pamusoro chete kufanana. Ndicho inodziya uye nyorovera, chete chii rudo epiphytic orkideat. In wokutanga mapazi kune vamiririri mapoka ose.
2. The mapazi yechipiri inosanganisira gomo kumatunhu, ndiko kuti, eAndes, makomo Brazil, New Guinea, Malaysia, Indonesia. The tembiricha pano ari akaderera zvishoma, asi mwando zvakakwirira. In yechipiri mapazi angawanika, zvinenge vamiririri vose Orchids.
3. Wechitatu mapazi unotora rwenze uye inowanzorimwa. Nokuti orkideat vari yaivhuvhuta ezvinhu, asi ivo varipo vari dzakaoma ezvinhu. Kune vashoma mhando epiphytic uye yenyika.
4. Nokuti tembiricha chechina nzvimbo ine okunze. Orchid diki. Chete mhuka yenyika.

epiphytic orkideat

Epiphytic orkideat havafaniri kukura uye nyika zvitengeswa. Miti nematombo, apo orkideat vanokura, kuvapa chete rutsigiro. Midzi mudenga, izvo zvavari vakawana uye unyoro uye kudya kunovaka. Asi vazhinji vaifunga kuti orkideat vari parasitic pamiti. Vazhinji epiphytic kwemarudzi vari thickening, yakafanana tubers. Izvi Mabumba venhema (pseudobulbs), izvo kuunganidza zvokudya uye unyoro.

Subspecies epiphytic Orchid miti kukura pamusoro pamatombo, akadana lithophytes. Mabwe Kazhinji kukura avo rudzi kuti dzakapoteredza mumasango hakusi chiedza zvakakwana. Sezvingatarisirwa, litofitnye orkideat zvakasikwa vanewo zvemuchadenga midzi.

saprophytic orkideat

Hazvina boka nani guru zvinomera rinoumbwa nyore yokubuda pasina mashizha, asi pamwe pachikero. Kupera kutiza bhurasho ruvara (mu kuchengeta maruva anosimwa mumba kazhinji chete ruva).

Saprophytic pevhu chirimwa haana chlorophyll. Organic zvinhu kwazviri kuwira pamusoro manyowa substrate. Kazhinji Underground rhizome afanane nekorari. chinhu chake - nekusagona kubereka midzi itsva. Rhizomes nokushingaira Sechipanji mvura mhiri pemvura, sezvamakaropafadzwa yakanyauka muviri. Organic zvinhu kukura uye simba saprophytic Orchid unobereka mycotic chakuvhe.

pano orkideat

The boka yave kubatanidzwa pano orkideat zvinomera, vane zvakafanana egirini, pevhu Mabumba kana midzi uye mudzi wotungira. mhando vakadaro rinoparadzirwa muUnited States uye Europe. Pano, kukwirira yavo vanenge 50 cm. Asi dzinopisa, apo pane wild orchid, pano mhando kunogona kuva yepamusoro zvikuru. Kakawanda, vakafanana vachiita kupararira shrub.

Orchids pano howa vane zvakafanana pevhu midzi kana mudzi wotungira. Pashure chando vechidiki namabukira kukura mapazi matsva.

Familiar immortalstar - phalaenopsis

zvirimwa aya kazhinji inotengeswa maruva zvitoro pasi pose. Isu Chikwata kwakakurumbira chaizvo orchids Phalaenopsis. Where kuwedzera mhando iyi dzesango, handizivi zvose. Asi kumba kutarisira runako ruzivo Galore. Ngativerengei zadza makwanza nezivo uye kubata mhuka Phalenopsis.

Mhando iri rinoparadzirwa neZvapupu Southeast Asia uye China. Ukabata eHimalaya, Indochina, ari Malay Archipelago, kuPhilippines. Rinotaura nharaunda dzeTaiwan, New Guinea uye Australia. Sumatra uye Andaman Islands akawana wading phalaenopsis. Species anoda monsoon masango, uyewo gomo uye anofukidza. Phalaenopsis vari epiphytic boka.

Dendrobium nobile - Noble Orchid

Chii chakanaka Orchid Dendrobium Nobile? Apo mune hunhu maruva aya? Kakawanda vanogona kuwanikwa eHimalaya, kumaodzanyemba China, muna North India, Vietnam uye Indonesia. Munzvimbo nokuparadzirwa zvinosanganisira kumaodzanyemba Eurasia. Miriwo vane epiphytic uye litofitnoy boka, asi dzimwe mhando vari pano. Chitarisiko Dendrobiums anokwezva zvikuru. Matavi kukura kubva pseudobulbs, uye munhu wose anogona kupa 10-20 maruva. Chirimwa ane inofadza kusimba munuhwi.

Cattleya - huya hunenge American

Beautiful Cattleya akasvika Europe zvikuru netsaona. mashizha zvave sezvo kavha mashoko dzaifanoiswa dzinopisa lichens. Nhuri pamwe miti akatuma William Cattleya vakakanganwa kurasa "kavha." Uye chishamiso chakaitika - iri murwi zvakasvibirira tsvina vaiva maruva akanaka! Sezvo vari kudzidza zvekumwe mhando orkideat. To musi, mune zvinopfuura 60 Sub-mhando genus iyi orkideat.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana Cattleya inoda okunze akasiyana. Central neSouth America, uko orkideat iyi mhando ine ndima ine zvakasiyana chikamu mwando tembiricha ezvinhu. Dzimwe vanogara Amazon, apo mwando anogona kusvika 100%. Vamwe vanoda yakaoma jeka nzvimbo. Vashomanana mhando Cattleya vachikura mumakomo Brazil, apo chando tembiricha kuti kumativi 5 ° C. Cattleya genus uye chinosanganisira epiphytic zvinomera uye litofitnyh.

Pasinei kuwanda kwemarudzi, Orchid miti musango vanoda kudzivirirwa. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya orkideat Eurasia. Somuenzaniso, muna Russia, Belarus uye Ukraine pane zvinenge 130 mhando pano orkideat, uye vari mungozi kutsakatika.