Uzivi Socrates

Uyu ndomumwe vazivi mukurusa yose munhoroondo yevanhu. Uzivi Socrates - ichi chinhu iyo vamutye kwavo vanofunga makuru vanhu vemazera akasiyana. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti Socrates pachake haana vanosiya mabasa akanyorwa - pfungwa dzake nguva dzose kune vadzidzi nomuromo. Uye vadzidzi vake pashure uye zvakanyorwa pfungwa idzi. Pane chikonzero chokudavira kuti vakawanda mashoko ake akanga arasika, uye zvinorehwa vamwe zvatakawana nenzira isiriyo nzira. YaSocrates uzivi vaburukira kwatiri pakutanga panzvimbo ngaavongwe Aristotle, Plato, uye Xenophon.

A kanoda muuzivi pfungwa kunoda hunhu, RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA upenyu womunhu, mweya wake, kuziva. Kusiyana vamutangira, Socrates haritauri nguva kudzidza pezvakasikwa uye murume ari rutivi rwenyika. Kuti Socrates nheyo chii runoonekwa Plato naAristotle.

Ona kuti mumwe vakatanga kushamisika pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu munhu kwevanhu munzanga. Uyewo, akanga akateerera zvikuru hwetsika. Yetsika Philosophy yaSocrates ine mamwe dzemunharaunda uye mitemo yetsika, iyo, akatenda, vanofanira kurarama mumwe munhu. Pamberi pake, vazivi washungurudzika kubvunza mibvunzo yakadaro. Socrates zvakare akateerera zvikuru kune nzira kuratidza kana kusaratidza chokwadi kutongwa.

Socrates 'uzivi Rinoshandisa nheyo maviri. Chokutanga kudiwa ruzivo pachake, uye wechipiri - pakuti chete benzi vaizofunga kuti anoziva zvose.

Misimboti iyi kunonyanya akashandisa kundorwa vaSophist - Socrates uye vaSophist kumbovadzinga pamwe, maonero avo zvakasiyana muzvinhu zvakawanda. Muzivi akatsoropodza navo Kusabatsira yechiitwa, nokuti akaratidza kutenda kuti kuziva chokwadi. Uyewo, misimboti iyi dzaishandiswa muzivi kuti kumanikidza vanhu kuti vatsvake chokwadi. Kuti kutifadza munhu pabasa rake, akashandisa ndyaringo, iro rinoitwa pakuziva nokusaziva kwavo.

Under nokuziva pachake, akanzwisisa kutsvaka ruzivo uye kunaka. Dzidziso maviri aya kakawanda iye chinozivikanwa. Akavimbisa kuti huru kusaziva vanhu zvinoonekwa yokuti ivo funga zivo uye simba chete, vanotenda kuti kana kubatsira vanhu maitiro. Nemamwe mashoko, akataura kuti vanhu kazhinji kuita pahwaro ruzivo uye kwete nemanzwiro. Maererano neizvi tinogona kugumisa kuti chokuita muuzivi Socrates hakutsigirwi dzetsika, kureva KUKUNDA nokusaziva, pamusoro kuchinja kubva kwaari kunaka.

YaSocrates Uzivi ane zvimwe zvikamu zvinokosha. inductive zvinogona kunzi naye. Pano, zvose kunobva pakuti iri kuongorora dzinoverengeka nomumwe nokutonga kana kuburikidza pfungwa zvinhu zvaunogona kuita zvayo nharo. Inductive kufunga nechinangwa kutsanangura pfungwa anogona kutaura musimboti zvinhu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti aiva seri kwaita zvavo pfungwa.

Socrates akaita mupiro mukuru kukura dialectics. Aristotle akati kuti akanga asiri chete yakatanga asiwo ndakazvisika. Nevazivi nharo kuti zvakakosha kukunda zvose kupokanidzana kuti ruzivo rwechokwadi. The dialectic yaSocrates - haisi chinhu asi nokumunyima dzidziso kupokana, kukunda navo uye kurega. Zvinokosha kuwedzera kuti pfungwa ruzivo uyewo chaizvo dialectic iri akatibvunzisisa zvakanyatsobatana dzidziso.

Sezvambotaurwa pakutanga, Socrates akaita mupiro wakakura kuti paumbwe uye kukura nouzivi. Ndokuguma nguva rwokuzvarwa uzivi yekare uzivi hwechiGiriki, akavonga kwaari, kukura akagashira neitsva Danho sayenzi iyi. Zvinonzi kutyiswa pfungwa dzake zvaakanyora, Plato naAristotle.