Utsotso pfungwa aruminiyamu

Aluminum - lightweight simbi ine silvery chena Hue, nyoro (inogona hwakakungwa nemaoko ake), izvozvo chikabatwa zvakanaka, panguva simba zvakakwana chete. Zviri rakanakisisa kondakita nokupisa magetsi. aruminiyamu Kwakachena haangambozvipembedzi kushandiswa, kushanda racho kwaiitwa muchimiro alloys nendarira, carbon, tini, titanium, manganese uye zinc. For zvemagetsi uye chafariz conductivity aruminiyamu wechipiri chete sirivha, uye mhangura. Panguva iyoyowo, netsvina vanadium, chromium uye manganese kuderedza parameters izvi.

Aluminum ikasakendenga pamwe acids uye alkalis yokuumba chlorides, sulfates, aluminates, uye dzimwe yeimwe. In mhepo pakarepo zvemapuranga simbi oxide firimu iyo inodzivirira kubva mberi oxidation. Utsotso pfungwa aruminiyamu riri mukati 660,1 madhigirii, chicherwa mu yakaumbwa chimiro ane castability akanaka. Nokuti simbi iyi kunoratidzwa yakakwirira ductility, kutonhora nemishonga, kuramba ngura ne kuita pamwe kwakadonhera mvura uye yakachena.

Nyanzvi dzakaona kuti ngura kurwisa kunoenderana kuchena aruminiyamu - dzakanga ndiko kunokonzera kurwisa. ngura chikonzero kungava kukuvara penyika oxide firimu. Kwakaratidza kuti aruminiyamu utsotso tembiricha inowedzera muwanze kwomwoyo. Tinazvo zvakaisvonaka castability, simbi panguva crystallization kunopa shrinkage guru, indekisi iri kukosha anogadzira zvinhu zvesimbi mutariri kuraswa.

Utsotso pfungwa aruminiyamu anogona anosiyana zvichienderana akashandisa zvinhu sechinhu. Vatungamiriri aruminiyamu Kugadzirwa vari pari Russia, United States vari munyika, Canada, Australia. aruminiyamu kushandisa dzakasiyana zvakakwana guru, madzibaba edu muchimiro aruminiyamu yeimwe (alum) raishandiswa sechinhu astringent mu mushonga, nokuti kusukuta matehwe kuti matehwe nokuda pakukoka pasherefu muupenyu pendi.

Zvakakwana pasi utsotso tembiricha aruminiyamu akabvumira vazvinyause mumamiriro ezvinhu.

Zvakasikwa, kunoitika aruminiyamu oxide (corundum), unoshandiswa sechinhu hasha, uye dzakasiyana ayo - nesafiri uye aiti rubhi - nhengo muchikwata anokosha. Sezvo wakachena aruminiyamu hakunyanyi kushandiswa nokuda zvekushandisa mafomu, kazhinji rinoshandiswa senzira mbishi zvinhu hwokubereka alloys zvakasiyana. Range kuti aruminiyamu alloys rakanyatsojeka yakakura, zvinonzi kugara achiudza (kushandisa michina yakasiyana).

Pari, pamusoro alloys izvi anogadzirwa midziyo zvokudya, magaba, kicheni nemidziyo siyana zvemumba. Zvinokosha vatengi aruminiyamu alloys ndivo motokari, magetsi, mudziyo, kemikari, kudzivirira, simbi indasitiri. At chii tembiricha itye aruminiyamu, inocherechedzwa nhoroondo iri zvaAtemisi chinoumba pagondobwe kudzivirira, Aerospace uye zvenyukireya maindasitiri.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana non-ferrous alloys ndiyo duralumin, izvozvo yakatanga muzana remakore rapfuura parutivi German injiniya A. Wilma. Utsotso pfungwa duralumin yakanga madhigirii anenge 650. Musimboti nokugadzirwa kunoratidzwa kuti aruminiyamu anotsanangura chiwanikwa pashure kupisa kurapwa anova simba yakakwirira neukukutu. Izvi pakarepo vaishandisa unyanzvi uye kutendera zvinodiwa aeronautics. The chiwanikwa mutsva wava mumwe huru STRUCTURAL zvinhu mu ndege.

Iye zvino, izwi iri raireva duralumin guru siyana aruminiyamu chiwanikwa inozivikanwa kumusoro simba. Modern kunze alloys mhangura ine manganese, nesilicon, magnesium, nezvimwewo, vakaswedera simba munyoro simbi. Nhasi, alloys aya zvinowanzoshandiswa ndege maindasitiri, iri kugadzirwa mukuru-nokukurumidza nezvitima uye mune dzimwe nguva.