Tsanangudzo: mari - ndiwo mari, mari. Órgãos uye shandisa Finance

Sezvo tsanangudzo mari - ndiwo mugumisiro usapinde ukama zvimwe zvirwere socio-ezvoupfumi. Nokuti chiitiko kwavo yoga idenderedzwa zvoupfumi ukama vanofanira mhoteredzo umo imomo uye -enderana paneimwewo nhoroondo juncture panguva yose-siyana-siyana, kusanganisira:

• inotungamirwa, uyewo kuremekedza kodzero vamwe vanhu chero mabasa, zvinhu, nyika, dzinongoitika uye nezvimwe zvinhu;
• akaumba nyika zviri pamutemo dzemunharaunda mumunda pfuma ukama;
• munzanga chitarisiko zvakasiyana mapoka mugari;
• vachisimbisa kuti hurumende sezvo bato kuti anoratidza zvinodiwa yose munzanga, uyewo kutsvaka muridzi wavo hweHIV.

Chii vakaumba?

pamusoro zvose zvinhu zviri inomuka chete chiitiko kuti pane imwe zvakafanana pafungidziro - munhu zvakakwana guru kugadzirwa yomuropa, kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka, kuwedzera huwandu mari yevanhu, uyewo kwazvo miganhu zvinodiwa kuti chaivo vapone. Creation, kuparadzirwa, uye kushandisa dzairamba Mari mari ndiwo mamiriro inokosha pamusoro zvavanopa dzakavakirwa somunhu tsananguro. Finance - iri mari imwe munhu. Panyaya iyi, zvaifarirwa zvemari zvinosanganisira zvinodiwa vazvo.

Kuti kuonekwa, kunodawo rakakodzera pamwero pakukura mari upfumi, ari kuramba turnover mari vari vhoriyamu guru, uyewo zvakasikwa uye nokungwarira kushanda kwavo chikuru mabasa. izvi zvose rwuripowo inokosha tsananguro. Finance - imwe mari purofiti, uye kwakadaro ukama chero nzira sei uye pfuma. Zvakakodzera nomazvo kunzwisisa kuti ichi zvinosanganisira kwete chete mari, asi pfuma ukama, uye nyaya anogara zvariri muridzi. Zviri nedanho yavaive uye kushandisa mari pfuma, iyo nhaka yake, imwe neimwe yeboka mukana kuziva zvavanoda uye tsanangudzo dzawo. Finance - mudziyo mumwe nomumwe pamutemo kana dzinongoitika munhu, pamwe pacho inowana zvinangwa zvayo.

pfuma

No enyika kana zveupfumi zvakakomba zvisarudzo haagoni chinozoiswa kana kwete kare rakaitwa tsanangudzo tinyatsonzwisisa uwandu vawane mari, izvo zvinoda. Uyezve, mumwe munhu anonzwisisa kuti mari yakadaro, anoziva kuti kuparadzirwa uye kuunganidza mari inova kubaya unhu uye nezvimiro chinhu chakadai "pfuma zvemari". Rinomirira zveminda, izvo vaunganidza dzinounzwa nokuda kwezvinangwa chaizvo, vari kushandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana nezvimwe zvinangwa zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, magariro, tsika, zvesayenzi uye vazhinji.

Inobva pakuti mari yakadaro, zvinhu anomiririra dzakava mari, izvo chinangwa zvidikanwi chaizvo. Vaigovera mabasa nerimwe danho , mari kuyerera kubva inotungamirwa dzavo uye kupedza kushandisa. Sezvo mari nokuda nzira mari ichifamba iyo, Nguva kwayo rwokufamba ine yakananga kukanganisa pairi. Kazhinji, asi zvaunoda riparadzirwe kwemari zvinosanganisira muzvikamu zvitatu:

• chikuru;
• yechipiri (redistribution);
• magumo (kushandiswa).

Saka, mari zvine chokuita zvakananga sei kuumbwa, akagovera uye akashandisa mari.

chikuru

Paumbwe chikuru mari nokuda Implementation uye kuparadzirwa mubereko, kunobva chero basa kana chinokosha zvigadzirwa. Sezvo kweShanduro tibatwe kakawanda chinhu chinoramba, panguva Implementation rwakazara kunoda yavaive womumwe chikamu yacho kupa chaizvo chamazuva ichi.

Finance musika anopa pakagadzwa chinonyanya mari semubairo kuitisa pakutsanangura kugadzirwa nenhumbi, iro Serviced nokuda mari.

kugova

Kusikwa chikuru mari, yakavakirwa kwakakomba kwemari. Muchiitiko ichi panewo kuparadzira yechipiri chinogona kuitwa matanho anoverengeka uye ane vakawanda hunhu.

Chero kugadzirwa rikurumidze kuti anoshumira zvemari pamusika, mugumo uri kutanga yavaive mari, pasina pazviri hadzisi zvinogoneka zvinopa humwe zvoupfumi. Muchiitiko chino, mari inotambirwa kuparadzirwa chero nyaya vakashumira mari. The hurumende ichiisa zvakakodzera zvinhu zvakatonyanya kuwedzera okuwana anogona kutora akawanda zvinhu siyana:

• amortization zvakasiyana siyana zvinoshandiswa;
• Payment iripo zvinhu mari;
• pakatanga rendi;
• chikwereti mubereko;
• muhoro revashandi vose vanobatanidzwa mune kugadzirwa kwacho.

Pashure rakanga rakataku- kunze kwokutanga kugovera mari inotambirwa redistribution nzira iri atanga, kureva, dzinotanga kuumbika mari yechipiri. Chokutanga, izvi zvinosanganisira mitero uye mipiro evanhu inishuwarenzi, tsika uye nemamwe masangano mazhinji.

Implementation

Wokupedzisira Danho iri kugovera mari ndiko kuziva kwavo, uye vari kunzi zvose. Finance basa kunoita murege kushandisa zvimwe chokupedzisira kwemari uye pachinzvimbo yakanangana kune mari uye kuwanda. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kuparadzira kwacho zvinovhiringidzika kwete chete mari asiwo mari inoshandiswa.

Sezvo nzira dzose Kuziva mune mari chero mabasa, zvinhu kana chimwe chinhu chikaita panguva wakaiswa mitengo, simba ravo rine zvakananga kukanganisa ezvinhu izvi. Akasimba mutengo shanduko kunoitika chero mirayiridzo, zvikuru vawane mari anotanga kuzununguka, uye inochinja zvikurukuru zvikuru zvakadai kuitika panyaya mitengo.

Finance zvinoumba sezvo zvinhu chokuwana pfuma chinogona kuita zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Nokuti huripo kwemauto zvinhu vanomiririra mumwe chikamu mubereko kuti mhuri - yakatarwa mari dzose nhengo dzayo, uye nokuda hurumende bhajeti - yaipedzerwa zveminda ayo.

Sei kuparadzira uye redistribution?

Pane akawandisa mabhizimisi, iro rinoitwa pamwe chete yevagari yevanhu mari uye zvitengeswa pfuma. Zviri zvikuru zvomuzvarirwo kuti zvinogona vanoshandisa munowanika havakwanisi kuona yebhizimisi ukama wacho ezvoupfumi masangano kana mumwe nomumwe mugari. Panyaya iyi, pane dambudziko sei chokubatanidza zvakasiyana nemari iri yakawanda mari kuti ipapo chinogona wakatangwa kushandisa vamwe zvikuru zvinogona investor.

Kugadzirisa nyaya iyi, kushandisa mari mumaoko kushandiswa vanozoshanda, izvo zvingave mabhanga, nokuwirirana mari mari, mhando dzose makambani, shamwari uye mamwe masangano akawanda, kuunganidza vakasununguka pfuma uye zvadaro mari navo mumwe chikamu.

Akakwezva pfuma vanozoshanda inopiwa sezvo zvikwereti kana anogona paakapiwa securities siyana. Inotungamirwa vakadaro mari masangano (yemibairo yavo) rinomirira kusiyana mubereko inobhadharwa pamusoro vakakwereta mari, uye umo iri kuwanikwa inopiwa.

Direct muridzi mari mari anekodzero uchatamisa mari iripo chero mari makambani kana mabhanga, uye zvinogona zvakananga vatenge zvimwe zvisungo migove anazvo ne maindasitiri makambani. Asi zvinofanira kuva zvakarurama kunzwisisa kuti kunyange kana wechipiri vachange atarisana vanozoshanda sezvo nevaichinja uye navatengesi, izvo vatori nyanzvi kuti musika mari. Vatengesi vachiita mabasa pachavo, kuti ari kushanda bedzi pamusoro pachangu kwavo, apo nevaichinja dzinomirira vatengi vavo 'zvavanofarira, vachipedza mari yavo uye mari.

zviridzwa

A musika zvemari ano inopa zvinogona vanoita panzvimbo yakafara mikana guta mari kuburikidza kutenga mari nokubatira vakawanda zvoupfumi masangano, uye wazvipira izvi vanonzi "zviridzwa zvemari". Zvikurukuru, ichi zvinosanganisira zvisungo, mumatanda, kuti maakaundi ake okubhengi, zvikwereti zvokutsinhanisa, neramangwana makondirakiti nezvimwe kuchengetedzeka zhinji.

Nokuda kuti pane zvakawanda zvinowanika zviridzwa mari simba achibvumira varidzi kuti Siyanisai Portfolio yavo, ndiko, kuti agovere kuunganidza nokubatira masangano akasiyana-siyana uye rwezvemabhengi masangano. Saka zvinokosha kunzwisisa zvakarurama, kuti wazvipira vakadaro vachava akasiyana mari, asi panguva imwe chete, ivo vachava akasiyana, uye mwero siyana pamusoro riskiness. Kana imwe kambani achapedzisira kuenda kusauka, ipapo mari nekuchengetedzwa mune mamwe, saka nguva dzose kuitwa panheyo Portfolio diversification, "unogona kuisa zvose mudengu rimwe."

Rara

Financial ukama zvine chokuita zvakananga kuparadzira, redistribution, uye zvakare kushandisa mari. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chavainyanya chakajairika kunoitika kunyange kuparadzirwa chinonyanya mari.

Financial ukama, izvo kuumbwa maererano mari uye zvakananga kushumira kutenderera mari dzinenge zvose mabhizimisi uye vanhu. Huru vechikamu ndiwo:

• vaburitsi zvose, pasinei mune imwe nzvimbo ivo unoshanda;
• hurumende uye vanhu;
• kushandiswa chikwereti uye mari kumasangano rwezvemabhengi nemasangano;
• nonprofit uye budgetary masangano.

Nokufamba ayo kukura, Ukama mari uyewo kusika zvikwereti, uye ipapo kutanga zvivepo, zvakasimba kuwadzana navo.

mabasa

Mari ndiwo magariro ukama mumunda inotungamirwa, kuparadzirwa, uye zvakare kushandisa mari mari, unova mukuru musimboti wavo.

Financial noukama vari achiumbwa chaiyo socio-ezvoupfumi zvakasikwa somugumisiro kukura yebudiriro. The chikuru mamiriro ezvinhu chiitiko dzavo:

• inotungamirwa uye nokusimbaradza ehurumende rakatanga nezuva muupenyu munharaunda;
• ari kuramba kukura kupanana akasiyana zvibereko basa uye chidzoke mari;
• paakasika pachake akasiyana zvibereko basa;
• Kugadzirwa kupfungwa mutemo uye tsika.

Finance mabasa - kuzvidzora, kuparadzirwa uye havi.

mhesano

basa iri ndiro rinokosha kupfuura, napo rakazaruka zvinoreva yavo. It kunoratidzwa pakuti yakanga ichangotangwa zvoupfumi, mutengo unofanira dzinounzwa zvizere maererano zvaidiwa nehurumende uye nzanga, uye zvokushandisa rinoshandiswa kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi, kuita zvakananga mari. Kudivi rimwe, vakagadzira zvavo tichiregeredza zveminda, asi pane vamwe, mutengo mari uye imwe mari inopiwa paumbwe mari yechipiri, iyo inopa mamwe kuparadzirwa uye redistribution kuti GDP kuburikidza mari hurongwa.

Zviri nzira iri kufamba Purofiti, nokuti nepano azvaiitwa zvose. Panyaya iyi, uye ari dzinounzwa chikuru uye yechipiri kuparadzira.

Zvikurukuru, rakakamurwa huru muzvikamu zvitatu kufamba mari, maererano kuti fomu chepuraimari, yechipiri uye yokupedzisira mubereko.

Primary mari kunotangira pakugoverwa yacho kubva pakutengeswa kwenhumbi. Huwandu mubereko inokamukana nokuda mari, kuburikidza icho muripo kuti zvinhu mari chakakonzerwa namaneja ari kugadzirwa kwacho, uyewo akapa mari dzevashandi uye mari yacho muridzi. Izvi anosika mari inokosha anowana muridzi kugadzirwa zvinhu, asi pano kunosanganisirawo zvisina kunanga mitero zvavakatemerwa nomutemo zvinoshanda.

In padariro rechipiri zvikuru mari yokubhadhara yakananga mutero, inishuwarenzi, inishuwarenzi zvemagariro, uyewo kupa rubatsiro kune vakaremara vanhu. Panyaya iyi, rekuUnited mari mari, kusanganisira zvemari akasiyana siyana ehurumende uye siyana vasiri budgetary mari, disbursement aita, anomirira asiri zvinhu zvezvinotaurwa nomudonzvo, vadzidzisi, vanachiremba, vashandi vehurumende, notaries, zvechiuto uye dzimwe nhengo zhinji.