Far East: vangangoramba kukura (general unhu)

Nharaunda yakakura yeRussian Federation anosarudza pakuonekwa kwazvo chinzvimbo uye, panguva imwe chete vachivimbisa pfungwa kukudziridza mano vamwe nharaunda. Pakati nenzvimbo Zvirongwa zvakadaro zvinogona rakatangwa muna vazhinji - kuFar East. Nokuda chii kubatsira nharaunda anogona dynamically kuvaka? Ndezvipi tarisiro kukura kuFar East?

General zvechadenga East Far

nharaunda kure East Russia - imwe nzvimbo inokosha muchiuto-inokosha chinoumba, uye mari. The zvachose nzvimbo woruwa - vanenge 36% kubva mundima Russian Federation. Tariro Kugadzirwa kuFar East inobatanidzwa nokuvapo pano eumambo uwandu zviwanikwa. Zvisinei, tsika okukura mikana munzvimbo rakaoma nokuda rwakakwana kwezvivako, uye vanogara kutama.

dzimwe nguva Distance kubva Moscow, vezvematongerwo enyika uye mari pakati Russian Federation, uye kunoonekwa chaiita kukura kuFar East. The kuitika Pfungwa Russian wokumwe mutemo kunosanganisira achisimbisa munyika chinzvimbo Asia-Pacific nharaunda. Anobudirira Implementation kuti basa iri kunosanganisira mushonga ari kutaurwa matambudziko chaiwo kuna Russian Far East ari, anotokonya kupora zvoupfumi iri pano RF vanotongwa. Naizvozvo, hurumende anonyatsoteerera kuti nharaunda.

Yemakwikwi zvakanakira kuFar East

Tariro Kugadzirwa kuFar East kunonyanya kukonzerwa yayo yemakwikwi zvakanakira pamusoro dzimwe dzeRussia. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuva nenzvimbo napedyo kune misika yakakura Asia-Pacific - China, South Korea uye Vietnam. upfumi izvi varikukura zvishoma nezvishoma. Chinonyanya kukosha yemakwikwi zvinobatsira chechipiri chinowanika kuFar East (tarisiro kukura ndima anoritsanangura May kusvika pamwero) - kuvapo vakawanda zviwanikwa: marasha, mafuta, gasi, simbi, dzisiri ferrous simbi, matanda. Chechitatu, kukwikwidzana zvinobatsira kuti nharaunda - iri okunze kusiyana. It anosarudza mukana vakabudirira kushandiswa kuFar East nechinangwa okurima kukura.

Zvinhu zviri pakukura mudunhu

Under chii ezvinhu tarisiro kukura Russian Far East ari inogona ichizadzika? Chokutanga, zvinoda nouchapupu mubhizimisi mu kwezvivako - chokufambisa, simba. Akatevera rinokosha mutsetse basa - havi mabhizimisi kukura kuitira kuvandudza zvinonyatsorehwa nenhanho capitalization of emunharaunda zvoupfumi, mari kukura uye kubhadhara kuti bhajeti. The dambudziko iri pedyo mumwe chinokosha mabasa ehurumende ari gadziriro kukura kuFar East mikana - paumbwe yakasimba musika kudiwa mudunhu.

Imwe nzvimbo inokosha basa zviremera - Yakakwirira yakagara vagari kurega dzichitama kune dzimwe nzvimbo Russian Federation uye, Ukuwo, kuti Far East rifadze nokuti kufamba nevamwe kumatunhu.

mamiriro Toolkit

Ndezvipi hwokuita zvishandiso kuziva tarisiro zvoupfumi of East Far, ane mamiriro? Chokutanga, nevaongorori avo kutarirwa pfuma mukudenga nharaunda chaiyo ezvoupfumi masumbu, dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira mwero mari Kukwezva - kunyanya dzimwe vakaroorana. Mangwana chokushandisa, inova zviremera - mukana kuwedzera mari chavagari achishanda munzvimbo nemauto, kuburikidza nhengo indekisi zvebasa muripo. Nemhaka iyi inoti, hurumende ungamutsa kukura zvinobudirira kudiwa pamisika mutengi, uyewo chiwedzere Kukwezva yacho nzvimbo yokutama vagari nemamwe kumatunhu Russian.

A chinokosha uwandu mari iyo tarisiro zvoupfumi of East Far inogona akaziva, iri kusimbiswa mumaoko private mabhizimisi, zvainanga pamwe rinovaka nezviremera. Kumbomira mwoyo panguva imwecheteyo, maererano vaongorori vakawanda, vari kuva akakurumbira nokuda Western zvirango pamusoro Russia. Vanamuzvinabhizimisi kubva Russia, vasina kuwana kumisika dzokumwe nokuda chakagadzirwa kurambidzwa, imwe nzira kana imwe mirayiridzo aongorora mabasa ayo achitsigira bhizimisi munyika. East Far anogona kuita anodikamwa nharaunda mune zvatinoita kwenguva refu mari upfumi.

International Kudyidzana kuFar East Russia uye China

Kufarira ndechekuvaka kukura East Far, vava kuratidza dzimwe vadyidzani yeRussian Federation zhinji. Pakati kupfuura - Chokwadi, China. Somuenzaniso, muna 2013 mari - apo pakanga pasina zvirango Western - kutengeserana pakati East ari Kure China chakaita kuti anopfuura mabhiriyoni 12 emadhora .. Runoenzanirana zviratidzi vane ose mukana nokukurumidza pakutanga, nekuti dzinongoitika kwezvikonzero zvemari, kugumisa kukura nemikana Far East, uye chepiri nokuda mamwe anotikurudzira kuti zvimwe kukura turnover pakati Russia uye China nokuda Western zvirango.

Zvinotarisirwa kuti muna 2020 basa turnover pakati China uye Russia kuchasvika $ 200 billion. A chikamu chinokosha zvingangodaro kuitika kuFar East chirongwa, ine chokuita yakakurumbira Mapaipi "Simba kweSiberia". The chete nomumwe ichavakwa pamusoro migumisiro zvibvumirano zviri Russian Federation uye China, akagumisa muna 2014. About kuti ndezvipi tarisiro kukura kweSiberia uye kuFar East angazarura chokuita kusaina kuMudzidzisi chibvumirano, mune Muchidimbu Hazvibviri kutaura. Asi kana tikaedza - kupfuura chinzvimbo.

Asi chero tikaramba kuFar East. Ndezvipi zvimwe inoti dzakaratidza vakagadzirira pamwe Russia munzvimbo?

Far East uye South Korea

South Korea asingafaririwo chokuti pamwe chete Russia kuongorora mikana zvaipiwa kuFar East. Tariro kukura mushandirapamwe pakati Russia uye South Korea zvine chokuita zvikurukuru kune maindasitiri bhora. Trade turnover pakati penyika mbiri muna 2013 akanga akafanana yemagazini Cooperation muEast ari Kure China, uye vakasvika inenge $ 5 mabhiriyoni.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti vamwe zvirongwa kuti muRussia vakokwawo nyanzvi kubva North Korea. Zvichida zvichava nechimwezve chinhu pamusoro rapprochement pakati maviri inoti iyo rumwe anorarama.

Far East, uye North Korea

Chaizvoizvo, zvakananga pamwe pakati Russia uye North Korea tiri kushingaira kukura. On zvabuda 2014 nemugwagwa turnover pakati penyika akaratidza mwero nenhamba - inenge $ mamiriyoni 30. Asi panguva imwe chete, 70% kupfuura muna 2013. About 25 vamiririri makambani pamberi North Korea kwakaita kuFar East. North Korean mamiriro akaita nyore zvikuru visa dzekuziva kuti Entrepreneurs Russian.

The East Far uye Japan

Japan ave rakagara richidudzirwa zvichizivikanwa chikuru zvokutengeserana naye weRussia. Pamusaka jogirafi pakati kiyi dzine akakodzera kukurukurirana zviri chinozoiswa, - kuFar East. Tarisiro kukura Russian-Japanese wezvokutengeserana Kudyidzana rine mukana. Zvisinei, iye zvino, hunoshanda Implementation wavo kungangova zvakaoma chaizvo nokuti kuti Japan zvasungwa dzokuMadokero zvirango. Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti mikana normalization mushandirapamwe pakati penyika mbiri, uye havasi zvakaipa.

Chii dzimwe nyika vari kushingaira pamwe East Far? Tarisiro nokuti pave kudyidzana, tichinyanyotarisa Vietnam uye Singapore dzinoongororwa sezvo akanaka chaizvo nenyanzvi. Saka, basa turnover pakati penyika mbiri muna 2013 semutongo dzinokwana inenge $ mamiriyoni 300. Nenzira, hapana asingadi kuratidza pachena kufarira kutevera mutsara West vakananga Russia. Naizvozvo, pane mukana ose kwohumwe Russian pamwe kukura, Vietnam uye Singapore kuFar East. Mune ramangwana, zvichida munzvimbo kutanga kudyidzana weRussia uye dzimwe nyika - India, Latin America, South Africa.

The East Far uye US

mamiriro ezvoupfumi munyika anonzi kuva mumwe vaitungamirira initiators pakati zvirango zvayakatemera Russia, asi pamberi ukama Russia uye nyika dzokuMadokero pamusoro dzakawanda chiitiko hwaipa, tarisiro pamwe yeRussian Federation uye United States kuFar East ndaona zvizhinji nyanzvi pachena. Saka yakanga American kufarira pakuvaka maindasitiri emakambani, kwezvivako, misha, mari mune zvokurima. Zvakaoma kutaura, sezvo napo resumption mushandirapamwe pakati Russia uye US mudunhu zvakare. Asi vanotsvakurudza vakawanda vanodavira kuti private US makambani - kusafanana, zvichida, hurumende US tichibata Russia somunhu yakavimbika zvikuru naye, kusanganisira mune zvatinoita Implementation kuti vaizotibata matanho kuFar East.

The East Far uye EAEC

Pakati rinonyatsooneka uye zvakanaka zvingakanganisa kukura kuFar East - the kusangana yeRussian zvoupfumi uye EAEC nyika: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia.

Dzakakodzera Area Partnership zvinogona zvokufungidzira mharuro muzvirongwa dzakasiyana kumatunhu nevakawanda zvoupfumi nzvimbo - kusanganisira East Far, pasinei chinokosha nenzvimbo remoteness wenyika chikamu ichi Russian Federation kubva omubatanidzwa. Entrepreneurs kubva EAEC nyika, vatsvakurudzi vanodavira, zvingangodaro kuti rinonyatsooneka mupiro kukura zvoupfumi yeRussian nharaunda.

chirongwa Government

Matambudziko uye tariro kwemashoko kuFar East vari kudzidza nehurumende pamwero. Somugumisiro makore basa nezviremera yava vakatanga nzira ine socio-upfumi kukura East ari Kure uye Baikal nharaunda. Muchirongwa ichi akabvumirwa muna December 2009. Zvinofanira akaziva kusvikira 2025. Kuongorora matambudziko uye tariro kwemashoko Far East, hurumende akaisa basa - kuumba romunharaunda socio-zvoupfumi, vanokwanisa kupa mukuru husingatsigirwi vanogara munyika mairi.

Yaipedzerwa mari zvichawanikwa dzinounzwa purogiramu yaiva anenge mabhiriyoni 411 rubles. anotarisira kusika 69,9 zviuru pakazopera kupera mabasa munzvimbo uye kuwedzera Vhoriyamu GDP ari runoenzanirana chikamu Russian Federation kubudikidza 2.6 nguva, bhuku nengarava zvinhu -. 2.3 nguva yaipedzerwa oupfumi - 3.5 nguva, nhamba vagari vechigaro kuti zvemari kushingaira kwevanhu - 1,1 nguva.

Current mabasa

Ndezvipi zvipingamupinyi zvinosangana yeUnited nemakanzuru vehurumende vari chine chokuita socio-zvoupfumi of East Far izvozvi?

Pakati avo:

- kuvandudza nyaradzo vanogara;

- anotokonya kuwedzera mugove kirasi pakati mumagakava nemamiriro Vagari vanotongwa Russian Federation, nhengo Far Eastern Federal District uye Baikal nharaunda (mari kushanda munhu anofanira kunge kanenge 6 nguva subsistence zvishoma);

- kukurudzira cadres, pakatanga pfungwa itsva dzidzo;

- kuwedzera padanho mari Kukwezva yacho nharaunda;

- mazuvaano simba hurongwa;

- kukura pakufamba kwezvivako;

- mazuvaano kukurukura enyika;

- anotokonya bhizimisi zvirongwa nokuderedza muboka revatungamiriri uye achibvisa constraints siyana;

- kutsigira kunyatsoshanda kuti zvemitemo pezvakaitwa;

- kuvandudza zvakatipoteredza.

Zvechokwadi, mune kuenderera mberi mabasa ehurumende basa - mamwe kuva kudyidzana pamwe mabhizimisi Russian, hurumende vavatorwa uye makambani.

Saka, isu akatarira huru matambudziko uye tariro kwemashoko kuFar East. nharaunda iyi rine dzinongoitika zvekuvaka uye okunze zvinogona riri Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri zhinji zviri geopolitical ezvinhu. Pane tarisiro kuti kukura chokufambisa kuFar East, magariro kwezvivako, maindasitiri, zvokurima, uye dzimwe sectors hwenyika zhinji. Kufarira pamwe nemakambani munharaunda vakaratidza upfumi zvikuru, yakabatana kwavari - China, South Korea, Vietnam, Singapore.

Matambudziko uye tarisiro upfumi kuvandudzika kuFar East nokushingaira vari vakadzidza vaongorori Russian uye vatorwa. Tiri kuramba kushanda mberi Optimization pamusoro nzira okukura yokukosha zviri mudunhu. Panyaya iyi, kuti kufarira kudyidzana rinovaka, kwakavakirwa yaibvira kuzarura East Far, achiratidza masangano zvose private uye hurumende - zvose Russian uye vatorwa. The chikero makambani vanoshuva kuva varipo munzvimbo ndiwo akasiyana chaizvo - kunogona kuva mabhizimisi makuru uye vaduku svikiro kadikidiki mabhizimisi.