The yakanakisisa midziyo kuti pasi pemvura kufema. Aqualung pemvura kufema

The kudzidza gungwa pakadzika, kujairirana rinoshamisa zvipenyu vanogara penyanza pauriri - izvi zvose kusvikira ichangopfuura akanga dzisingambosvikiki vanhu. Asi sezvo chakatangwa midziyo kuti chamunyurududu Diving uye bathyscaphes dzisingambosvikiki kudzika dzawanika.

nyaya

Vanhu vanofarira pemvura nyika kubvira kare kare. In Mesopotamia, Greece uye dzimwe kumahombekombe nyika yacho siyana zvaishandiswa kunovhima uye hondo. Kana izvo chinokodzera kutaura haana, vanhu vaigona sei kuchengeta mweya yavo kuti agare pasi mvura refu. Izvi zvakaenderera mberi kwemakore akawanda emakore, kusvikira muna 1747 kwakanga kusina munhu akauya pamwe wokutanga suit kuti pasi pemvura kufamba. Dzinoshambira mairi zvakanga zvisingaiti, zvakanga guru kwazvo uye rinorema. Yakadaro midziyo kuti kufema pasi mvura yakanga yagadzirwa Klingertom A., German mavambo. Chaiva yesimbi chivharo musoro, iro raiva sepombi maviri, aida kuti inhalation uye nedzinovengwa. Pakazosvika njukura wakanamatira ivavo rejira isapinda, izvo akarara pamapfudzi ake. Pashure bvunzo, mudziyo pemvura kufema haana anoruramiswa. Murume, uyo akanga akapfeka sutu, akanzwa yakawanda vomanikidza pachipfuva.

Mushure Klingerton dzakachinja uye vakwana sutu yake, kunatsiridza izvozvo, gore negore. First paiva simbi puranga, iyo zvaipfekwa pamusoro uye muviri uye kuda rabha bhurukwa. Akazowedzera kwachiri uye hombe chibharuma akazadzwa okisijeni iri kunyudzwa pamwechete dhaivha. Kubva nayo mhepo sepombi zvakaitwa munhu sutu ngowani.

Diving suit

Augustus Siebe akatora pamusoro Baton kusvikira pakusika Diving michina. Kuti aiswe kushandiswa shoko "suit". Metal Ngowani raiwanzobatana mvura isapinda sutu, uye mhepo iri zvokudya pachishandiswa chubhu pedyo pombi, riri pamusoro muchikepe, umo kudzika dhaivha. Zvakanga leaden shangu kuti kukurumidza Dip uye imwe uremu, akapa munhu nokugadzikana nemuGungwa.

Mumakore akatevera, nhumbi riri kunyorwa kwenyaya uye akanga achinja, asi nyaya mhepo wedzerai asina rakasungirirwa nyika, akaramba akakodzera.

Muna 1878, Henry Mononoke tega midziyo kuti kufema pasi mvura ine namahwindo hurongwa oxygen. It anoshandisa controller hwakasikwa uye patented nerimwe makore 12 asati Benoît Rukeyrolem. Mononoke kuvamba ichi modifies uye anowedzera kuti zvienderane Matangi itsva kuti aigona kukurira mukuru kumanikidzwa.

Nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa chamunyurududu

Muna 1943, Emil Ganyan uye Jacques IV Kusto kusika munhu zano kuti anotarisa yaizivikanwa ose dhaivha uye dhaivha. Kugadzirwa rinoshandiswa nanhasi. chamunyurududu ichi - midziyo kuti pasi pemvura kufema.

Hwaro nokuti mhepo romugove vharuvhu mashandiro atora Cousteau uye midziyo kutanga gasi sehuni kupinda motokari injini. Mushure mazuvaano uye kuvandudzwa vaifanira kutanga tichizviedza muitiro kuti yatova rokutanga Danho haana kugutsa muvambi. Panguva dzakasiyana nzvimbo dzomuviri womunhu pasi mvura mhepo zvokudya zvisina kukodzera uye, mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakanga zvisiri.

Mushure kuedza Cousteau dzakachinja mhepo regulator pamusoro sepombi kuitira kuti kufema zvaiita chero kudzika uye panguva dzakasiyana-siyana mumuviri mvura. Izvi vabvumirwe svetuka kune makuru pakadzika uye kuva pasi mvura kwenguva refu.

regulator

Regulators vanoparadzaniswa maererano mhando one- zviviri-pachikuva. Vanobvumira kuti kuderedza compression dzedenga, iro rinobva sepombi kuburikidza kufema chubhu. Vaviri-Danho regulator yokuderedza lowers kumanikidzirwa 6 ATM., Ko danho rokutanga. Next zvemapapu muchina anotakura mhepo kwezvakatipoteredza, zvinova nyore kuti mweya uye kwete zvinokuvadza utano.

Nokuti basa zvakadzama uye refu Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa miviri-padanho regulators.

Mhando mano

midziyo nokuti pemvura kufema modernized, uye yakagadzirwa uye akakurukura zvitsva akavhiyiwa chaiwo ose gore. Izvi imhaka yokuti munhu ari kunyura zvakadzama mugungwa pasi uye zvose haachadi kuva imomo.

AVM-15

midziyo iyi kufema pasi mvura siyana vanobata kununura basa. Inopa mhepo nyanzvi mune nechimbichimbi uye mamwe mabasa. Yakarongerwa midziyo kuti svikiro ne pasi tembiricha uye yakakwirira kusvibiswa. Rinoshandiswa panguva akavhiyiwa kuti parasikira oiri. Kuti aite izvi, mumwe zvikuru zvakagadzirirwa runoenzanirana zvinoumba ari Diving michina. Kusarudza mudziyo haasi kupfuura 22 makirogiramu.

AVM-5

Izvi magiramufomu midziyo kuti kufema pasi mvura vanoshambira vanoburukira kudzika 60 mamita. Weight AVM 5 apo unfilled magaba anosvika 22 makirogiramu. Senzira kwakajairika siyana kuongorora mugungwa, uyewo dzakasiyana-siyana zvakadzama kushandiswa.

AVM-12

midziyo iyi, kufanana rapfuura maviri, kunopa dhaivha kufema pasi mvura zvakasiyana kununurwa uye Emergency Operations. kufema hurongwa yakazarukira, kureva mweya kuenda mumvura. In AVM-12 nyore kuvaka uye kugadzira, unogona kushanda panzvimbo yakasviba ezvinhu, uye panguva yakaderera tembiricha. Zvimwe zvakazosvika ari akapawo.

rakasiyana dhaivha

Stig Severinsen ane rakasiyana kugona: akanga refu akakudziridza uye honed unyanzvi, yakafanana vakabata mweya yenyu. Kufema pasi mvura zvingasava zvakakodzera kwemaminitsi 22. Ndiyo wasiyiwa jaya, vanga pasina mhepo iyi nguva.

Long nokudzidziswa uye ruzivo mumunda zvipenyu vakabvumira kuti vaedze muviri wako uye kuti vabudirire zvabuda dzakadaro. Ake budiriro munzvimbo Guinness Book of Records.

Nguva pfupi asati Stig Severinsen chinyorwa atoisa pasi mvura pasina mhepo kwemaminitsi 20 uye 10 seconds. Asi izvi zvakanga zvisina kukwana, saka akasarudza pamusoro budiriro itsva. Panguva iyi yandiri kugara vakatarisa ake mukoma-chiremba. Uye kuedza kwakaitika mudziva, mvura tembiricha chakanga madhigirii 30.

bathyscaphe

Muna 1930, vavambi American ndakasika munhu bathysphere - imwe simbi bhora riri tambo akawa chikepe pa udzamu. Kuramba kutevera kuvandudzwa, masayendisiti akaita kuti bhora aigona kuburuka kupfuura 1,000 mamita. Asi haana kuwana anodiwa agility uye rusununguko. Naizvozvo, kushanda nokugadzirwa submersibles mberi.

Bathyscaphe - zano nokuda pemvura kufema, izvo rinokwana vanhu 1-2. Kwakadaro Mini-chikepe ndiye akasika Auguste Piccard, musayendisiti Swiss, kufamba pasi mvura uye kuongorora gungwa makadzika. Bathyscaphe raiva kabhini iri muchimiro bhora uye hombe kukwanisa mutangi. Kushandisa zvikuru akashongedzerwa motokari injini vaigona kufamba pasi mvura, uye kuvapo mhepo wedzerai kunoita kuti kuzvitonga pemvura midziyo.

Kushandisa submersibles anogona ndiburukire pakadzika kuti havasi pasi vanhuwo siyana, kunyange zvikuru ano michina. The kunyudza kudzika imwe yepasi pemvura chikepe chiduku kunopfuura 10, 000 metres. Zviri pamusoro submersible kwave kudzidza ndiko gobvu kuora mwoyo Nyika - iri Mariana.

Diving

Munyika yanhasi ine Diving kuti kudzika uye mitambo yomumvura rava nevakawanda mutambo. siyana ruzivo kunakidzwa dzakasiyana-siyana kuitira kuti vose panguva mugungwa refu sezvinobvira: vakabata mweya yenyu, kufema pasi mvura achibatsirwa dzinokosha mano, kudzidza penyanza nyika ari bathyscaphe.

Nokuti chamunyurududu Diving unofanira kumbotambudzika chikoro chinokosha, apo kudzidziswa kubata muchina, gadza pamusoro nemazvo ose parameters zvakafanira overenga mitoro. Uyezve, svetuka kuti zvikuru pakadzika kuti kunonoka, sezvo pamukwidza. Izvi imhaka rezasi vanobhabhatidzwa mumvura, dzakanga kumanikidza uye muviri unofanira kuva nguva kuchinja. The unopinza pamukwidzwa pemvura kungakonzera varwadziwe.