A vazhinji-kuti-zhinji: Muenzaniso muna Access, mu SQL. How kuti vazhinji-to-zhinji?

All DBMS (Database utariri hurongwa) , pane mhando dzakawanda ukama pakati pamatafura. Pakati pavo mumwe kune mumwe, mumwe-to-zhinji, vazhinji-to-mumwe (vamwe vanowanzomuitira kuziva mhando idzi mbiri kupinda rimwe) uye vazhinji-to-zhinji. Muenzaniso vapedzisira, uye tsanangudzo yacho chikumbiro dzakasiyana Databases, akadai Access kana SQL, ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

tsananguro

Vazhinji-to-zhinji ukama Inonzi machisi kune mumwe makopi rimwe essences nezvimwe zviitiko zvose. Nemamwe mashoko, chimwe nechimwe munda wokutanga (wechipiri) tafura chokuita neminda yose wechipiri (pakutanga).

zano ichi zvakajeka zvinoratidza musimboti ukama ichi.

Kana vazhinji-to-zhinji ukama zvinogona kushandiswa?

Muenzaniso vakawanda-to-zhinji - mudzidzi boka neboka vadzidzisi. mudzidzi mumwe nomumwe anodzidza pane kamwe mashoma mapurofesa, uyo, akavapindurawo, kupa hurukuro vadzidzi vanoverengeka. Mumufananidzo unoratidza musiyano mumwe-to-vazhinji-to-zhinji.

Vazhinji-to-zhinji ukama Kazhinji zvakakosha pakugadzirira pamwero mukuru Databases, duku yokufananidzira mienzaniso yemanyorero kushandiswa chete zvinangwa rokudzidzisa, chokwadi, iri tsika zvinoitika kuti mamwe masangano ari Database uye mamwe ukama pakati pavo - zvikuru mukana wokuti kugara pekuhwa- nda vazhinji-to-zhinji.

How kuti vazhinji-to-zhinji?

Mienzaniso ukama iri mubvunzo vachange kuwedzerwa iri kosi yacho, asi zvakakosha kwete chete kunzwisisa chii, asi sei kushandisa nayo. Details iyi muitiro zvakananga kunobva Database kusarudzwa nokuda basa, apo pfungwa ndewokuti vose.

Microsoft Access

Office Software inobva "Microsoft" anozikamwa Software pamusika kwenguva refu. Anouya aine chinyorwa mupepeti Worfd, Excel tabular processor uye mumwe vechigaro mutsara "basa". Unogona Tsvaka (verenga se "acces", shanduro chaiwo - "kuwana") kutenga uye vakaparadzana ake "nevamwe". Zvinokurudzirwa kuti atenge, Chokwadi, marezinesi software, asi hazvina chakavanzika sei pirated repack anogona kuwanikwa huru padandemutande, muchimiro dzose mafaira, kana hova maoko. "Microsoft Acces" rinowanika kunyange ungano inotakurika. It haatarisiri chokugadza chero unyanzvi kushanda ane PC, zvakanaka akakodzera kuti kusarudzwa kana Software haangavi kushandiswa-refu refu uye kakawanda.

Kubva akapoteredza zviri pachena kuti "Microsoft Acces" - mumwe Database Kwevadzidzi. Uye mumwe zvikuru nevanhu. It ndeyeukama, izvo zvinoreva inobva musoro date womuenzaniso, riri mukufamba basa rake rinoreva yakatarwa dzidziso uye vokutanga-hurongwa zvisingarambiki. Vazhinji-to-zhinji ukama mu Access (mienzaniso ichapiwa muna tsananguro) chaitwa chaizvo, nyore chaizvo. Funga izvozvo.

Pane matafura maviri ..

Kuti varege wekuvamba chinhu chitsva, utore kare kutaurwa kutsanangura zvakawanda-kuti-zhinji muenzaniso pamusoro vadzidzi. Unofanira kusika tafura "Students 'uye patafura" Vadzidzisi. " Vose rokutanga uye rechipiri izvi zvikuru kiyi. anodawo mumwe tafura, iyo minda tichibatanidza zviitiko masangano acho ari maviri - kiyi yokutanga uye wechipiri pamatafura.

Kana tikaongorora muenzaniso zvakasiyana: Toti, vatambi, uye chikwata (akapiwa chokwadi kuti anenge mumwe vatambi vachiridza wezvikwata zvakasiyana, uye mumwe chikwata rinoumbwa vatambi gumi), vari kuvaka kubatana hakuzochinji. Vacharamba vanofanira matafura matatu. Ava, "Football" uye "Team" sezvo huru uye mumwe zvenguva.

date vanoronga

Relationships pakati mabwendefa Database "Microsoft Acces" chinozoiswa vachishandisa Tab "Data Scheme". The Kuratidzwa Panel inowedzerwa ose masangano (iyi, zvose namatafura matatu). Kuumba vazhinji-to-zhinji vachange kushandisa ukama maviri, mumwe-to-zhinji ukama pakati wechikoro ( "Vadzidzi" uye "Vadzidzisi") uye inoshandiswa pakutsigira tafura. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira interconnect nhengo chepuraimari kiyi.

The muenzaniso apa anoratidza kuti Tab "mashoko vematunhu" (Relathionships). Kuwanda akawedzera kuti tafura bhodhi nokusingaperi. Location anonyatsokwanisa chinjika pedyo user.

SQL

Database Design pamusoro SQL - zvokuvapfuura basa pane kuti "Acces". Kana maykrosoftovskih chigadzirwa zvizere dzakashandisa hofisi kwezvakatipoteredza, ane huru uye, pamwe neimwe kusunungurwa uye kunatsurudza zvose extensible functionality, asi panguva imwe chete dzinokodzera nyore User inowanikwa, SQL - chiri yoga isiri Maitiro mutauro zvirongwa, nako pamusoro platforms siyana unogona kushanda Databases. Rinozivikanwa Software kuti basa iri: Oracle MySQL uye DB2 (a akakurumbira, asi kwete chete rwayo). Pasinei chokwadi kuti mumwe nomumwe wavo ane subtleties ayo uye nuances, mutauro SQL ndiye "rakabatana" zvavo. Nokudzidza kushanda pane mumwe wavo, kubata nevamwe achava nyore.

Itai, muzadze uye yakananga zviito pamusoro raivapo Database muna SQL aida kuburikidza rinokosha remitemo kana mumanyoro. Zvisinei, vaya kare akaita kuti chikamu "vazhinji-kuti-zhinji", muenzaniso dzakapiwa pazasi mumutauro uyu zvirongwa, unofanira kuziva dzinokosha mirayiro nenheyo mutauro SQL.

Pfungwa rakasikwa munhu vazhinji-to-zhinji

Mazhinji accession aigona nyadza vamwe uye "padzichasiya bvungapfunga", asi chaizvoizvo nheyo Implementation kukurukurirana inoramba zvakafanana. Kuti kutaipa noukama vazhinji-to-zhinji kwave rakatangwa muna tsika, kwete chete "Acces", asi vo SQL, vanofanira pakutanga kusika maviri nechimwe pamatafura uye mumwe - zvenguva. Saizvozvowo, ndizvo pamwe kiyi: anokosha hunhu vari kuminda chikuru, chimwe nechimwe wakanyorwa tafura Linking. Izvo zvinoreva kuti SQL-zhinji-to-zhinji ukama havasi vangasimudzira rakasiyana "Acces".

Implementation kukurukura

Kushandisa vazhinji-to-vakawanda SQL manyorero kushandisa zvimwewo makiyi (MUTORWA ANOKOSHA) zvakafanana kiyi huru tafura yepakutanga. Ivo akanyora pamwechete neminda zvose paaisika uye / kana fora.

Basa vazhinji-to-zhinji

Kazhinji, ukama huri pakati masangano ari Database rakashandiswa kuvimbika mashoko mumabhatiri mavari. Chete zvakanaka yakagadzirirwa Database ose anodiwa kwokubatana kunovimbisa yakachengeteka kuchengetwa, User ruzivo uye marongerwo iri husingakwanisi Kufurirwa nevamwe uye kuchinja. Kazhinji, kana Database rine mashoko ari yose sangano, boka kana makasimba, rine mamwe masangano pamwe zviitiko zvakasiyana.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti mukugadzirwa dzakashandiswa izvi ( "Acces") kana kunyora mumanyoro (mu "Oracle" kana "DiBiTu") achava aripo kanenge imwe vazhinji-to-zhinji. Muenzaniso SQL, rinowanzoshandiswa mukurovedza kosi "Database Organization" - db King.

Mujinga waMambo date

Kurovedzwa Database ndiyo ruzivo pamusoro King dzesangano. Pakati matafura:

• vashandi wekambani - rine mushandi ID, last zita, wokutanga zita uye pakati kwokutanga (Kusimbisa mazita vatorwa), uyewo code for webasa uye mushandi vakatora chinzvimbo, musi kubvuma kuti yemakambani kugamuchira mari yavo uye nekutumwa akapa, dhipatimendi yekubvuma;
• madhipatimendi vemasangano - pakati paminda tafura dzine bumbiro uye zita wedhipatimendi, uyewo bumbiro rayo nzvimbo;
• placement madhipatimendi, kunosanganisira kupinda mashoko pamusoro bumbiro placement uye zita reguta;
• chinzvimbo kambani - duku tafura neminda maviri kuposita bumbiro uye zita rayo yepamutemo;
• yemakambani-vatengi - minda: bumbiro remitemo uye zita mutengi, kero, guta, mamiriro, ZIP bumbiro uye nharaunda code, nhamba dzorunhare, maneja basa mutengi code, mbiri nokuda mutengi netsanangudzo (comments uye manotsi);
• Kutengeswa zvibvumirano, rine bumbiro uye musi chibvumirano, mutengi code, kukurukura Musi uye yaipedzerwa kondirakiti;
• Acts wokutengesa - kuita bumbiro uye bumbiro remitemo chesungano, zvinosanganisira chiito, chigadzirwa code, mutengo wayo, uwandu yakatengwa uye yose kutenga mutengo;
• Nhumbi - bumbiro remitemo zita chigadzirwa;
• mutengo - chigadzirwa code, vakazivisa kwaari mutengo, yepasisa zvinoita mutengo, musi kugadzwa uye musi kukanzura mutengo.

Small tafura iripo umo minda hapana anopfuura maviri kana matatu chokuita kuti tafura imwe chete kusvikira-imwe kana mumwe-to-zhinji.

Scale chete tafura, akadai "vashandi wekambani", "boka-vatengi", "kutengeswa zvibvumirano" uye "mabasa rokutengesa" pamwe yakawanda masangano, vamwe - achibatsirwa "vanozoshanda" vazhinji-kuti-zhinji ukama. Table "vatengi wekambani" pachayo murevereri, sezvo vakadaro, nokuti ane vazhinji munda, akatorwa dzimwe matafura uye kiyi yokumwe. Mukuwedzera, pakafunuka uye ukama Database "Mambo Corporation" ndiko kuti ukama vose zvakabatanidzwa correlated nemumwe uye kukanganisa mumwe. Kuparadzwa pane kumuduku wavo kuchatungamirira kuparadzwa kuvimbika rose Database.

zvinokosha nuances

Kana pakutevedzera vakawanda-to-zhinji, pasinei Database utariri hurongwa rinoshandiswa, zvakakosha kuona zvakarurama kiyi izvo zvichaparadzwa akambochera mafungiro. Zvisiri chinozoiswa kubatana asingadi azadzise chinangwa chawo chikuru - kureva kuti nechokwadi kuvimbika tafura, uye somugumisiro, panzvimbo anokarirwa kunyaradzwa, inodzidzisa muchagamuchira, Ukuwo, zviri kuzvuzvungudza uye mamwe matambudziko, kunyanya kuoneka panguva nokuzadza pamusoro fora matafura avo mashoko.