The Organic nyika yacho Indian Ocean. Indian Ocean kudzidza

The vakapfuma kunobva kusiyana upenyu - ndiyo munyanza. Chero kwevashanu aripo pamusoro redu munyanza ari tsime chaiye makemikari nyika. Uye kana mhuka nyika nesayenzi pakadzika vamwe vagari dzasara vanzika, nouchenjeri akavanda mukudzika penyanza.

It chete unotsigira dzavo inofarirwa zoologists, oceanographers uye mamwe masayendisiti. Kudzidza mugungwa, kubva mumuviri wayo unhu uye anopera chete siyana upenyu mairi, iri nechekumberi nhasi. Funga Organic nyika kuIndian Ocean somumwe vakapfuma achirarama enyika.

Zvinoitwa Indian Ocean

Pakati pezvimwe Indian Ocean ndiye rechitatu ndima inogarwa mvura (mushure Atlantic uye Pacific). Indian Ocean ehupfumi zvinogona dzinoratidzwa akawanda pfungwa dzinokosha:

1. Ocean Territory - vanenge mamiriyoni 77 km ^{2 ..}
2. Indian Ocean Organic nyika iri siyana chaizvo.
3. Bhuku mvura -. 283,5 mln M ^3.
4. Upamhi penyanza vanenge 10 thous. Km ^2.
5. Washes mativi ose Eurasia nyika, Africa, Australia uye Antarctica.
6. Bays (pakamanikana) uye gungwa kugara 15% of nharaunda yose munyanza.
7. The Chitsuwa - Madagascar.
8. Mukuru udzamu pedyo nechiwi Java muna Indonesia - vanopfuura 7 km.
9. Avhareji zvachose mvura tembiricha - 15-18 ⁰ C. In nzvimbo imwe neimwe penyanza (pedyo nomuganhu pamwe muzvitsuwa mumakungwa uye bays), tembiricha inogona siyana yekudyidzana.

Indian Ocean kudzidza

Vaizivikanwa muviri ichi kwemvura yave kubvira kare. Akanga unobatanidza inokosha link inonhuhwira kutengeserana, machira, furs uye zvimwe zvinhu pakati vanhu Persia, Ijipiti uye Africa.

Zvisinei, kudzidza Indian Ocean akatanga zvikuru gare gare, mumazuva yakakurumbira Portuguese aidzidzisa Vasco da Gama (pezana XV remakore). Kuti iye ndiye kuwanikwa India, uyo nokukudzwa uye ainzi yose munyanza.

Before Vasco da Gama, akanga mazita akasiyana siyana pakati pemarudzi enyika: vokuEritrea Sea, Sea Black, Indikon Pelagos, Bar-El-Hindi. Zvisinei, muna I remakore Pliniy Starshy akamudana Oceanus Indikus kuti kubva muchiLatin anoshandura se "Indian Ocean".

More ano uye musayenzi yokusvika adzidze nemamiriro pasi, murwiyo mvura, mhuka uye chirimwa vagari vakatanga kuitwa chete kubva XIX remakore. Nhasi, ari Fauna of Indian Ocean ane mukuru anoshanda uye kwesayenzi kufarira, uyewo gungwa pacharo. Masayendisiti ari Russia, America, Germany uye dzimwe nyika dziri kushanda nyaya ino, uchishandisa zvemberi midziyo (pemvura mano, satellites).

Organic mufananidzo nyika

Indian Ocean Organic nyika iwayo siyana. Pakati nemiti uye fauna of pane mhando kuti dzakananga chaizvo uye isingawanzowanikwi.

kusiyana yayo mugungwa biomass afanane kuti Pacific Ocean (more zvazviri, kumadokero chikamu). Izvi imhaka vanhuwo undercurrents pakati munyanza mbiri.

Kazhinji, zvose makemikari nyika zhinji dzeko anogona kuiswa mumapoka maviri maererano Habitat:

1. Tropical Indian Ocean.
2. Antarctic chikamu.

Nokuti mumwe nomumwe wavo inozivikanwa pachake okunze ayo, dzenzvimbo, abiotic zvinhu. Naizvozvo, akasiyana-siyana akasiyana makemikari sezvamunoita.

Kusiyana upenyu penyanza

Achitsva munharaunda mvura muviri rakazara siyana planktonic uye benthic mhando dzemhuka uye zvinomera. Common algae inokurukurwa sezvo unicellular trihodesmium. wevasungwa ravo repamusoro akaturikidzana penyanza kunyange yakakwirira kuti kushandura zvinonyatsorehwa Ruvara mvura.

Uyewo munda uyu makemikari nyika iri Indian Ocean chinomirirwa anotevera mhando algae:

• Sargassum matope;
• turbinarii;
• Caulerpa;
• fitotamnii;
• halimedy;
• Mangroves.

Mhuka duku rinonyanya yakanaka yemandorokwati plankton vamiririri usiku: Physalia, siphonophores, hwomumazinga mondo, tunicates, peridenei, muramba.

Antarctic munharaunda Indian Ocean chinomiririrwa Fucus, Laminaria, porphyry, galidiumom, rakakura makrotsistis. A mumiririri hwemhuka umambo (minor) kurarama kopipody, evfuazidy, diatomsi pano.

hove Fancy

Indian Ocean mhuka mashoma kana kungoti kujairika chitarisiko. Saka, pakati rakajairika uye dzakawanda hove akawana Sharks, mwaranzi, mackerel, dorado, Tuna, rockcod.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro kujairika ichthyofauna, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa, yakadai se:

• Coral hove;
• kudzokorora hove;
• chena shaki;
• kuti shato huru shark.

Commercial ukoshi pakati hove dziri Tuna, mackerel, dorado uye rockcod.

The pemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana

The Fauna of Indian Ocean ane vamiriri marudzi anotevera, makirasi, mhuri:

1. Fish.
2. Zvinokambaira (nyoka gungwa nenjiva uye hofori).
3. Mhuka (dzisingaoneki hove huru, zvisimbiso, zvitema hove huru, anoti hove huru, nzou zvisimbiso, Dolphins, hove huru dziri mukanwa).
4. Dzemugungwa (hofori octopus, octopus, hozhwa).
5. Sechipanji (calcareous nesilicon chimiro);
6. Echinoderms (gungwa runako, sea cucumber, gungwa urchins, pfava).
7. Crustaceans (magakanje, gakanje, Lobster).
8. Hydroids (polyps).
9. Of siyana.
10. Korari (kumahombekombe kumboongororwa anoumba).

Animals akadai gungwa nerunako vane rakajeka chaizvo ruvara, vanogara pasi uye ane hexagonal chimiro ne TOUR symmetry muviri. Pamusana kwavari, penyanza uriri anotarira inopenya uye wakajeka.

Giant octopus - guru octopus, wakareba kunosvika tentacles 1.2m muviri saka kazhinji haana zvinopfuura 30 masendimita pakureba ..

Lime nesilicon sechipanji kuridza basa rinokosha paumbwe Indian yomugungwa paburiro. On a ndima ine benthic algae marudzi, vanoumba chose deposits ose calcareous uye siliceous sediments.

Chakaipa kupfuura chikara pakati nzvimbo idzi - the rehove chena, kukura iyo kusvika mamita 3. Utsinye uye zvatinogadzira hazvigoni kunyatsotevedzera zvinoita chaizvo muurayi, ndiko kushanda chikuru dutu iri Indian Ocean.

Very yakanaka uye zvinofadza Indian Ocean hove - hove nekorari. Vari nemavara uye oddly, vane sandara, elongated pakukwirira muviri chimiro. hove ava chaizvo nokungwara kuvanda mumatenhere nekorari polyps, apo havana kuwana chinhu chinorura.

Tinofanira kugara ezvinhu kuIndian Ocean kuti tikwanise kuva kwayo fauna of saka siyana uye dzinonakidza, kuti akwezve vanoshuva kuridzidza.

muriwo nyika

Gandiwa map kuIndian Ocean anopa pfungwa mukuru zvaari pamuganhu. Uye kubvira ichi, zviri nyore kufungidzira imwe kuda chirimwa munharaunda mugungwa.

The napedyo kuna Pacific Ocean kunoitawo kuti kwakapararira mashava uye tsvuku algae, zhinji mhando zvacho ezvokutengeserana kukosha. Green algae vari raimiririra munzvimbo dzose Indian Ocean.

Interesting uye kujairika nomukurumbira wokuva vashoma hofori makrotsistisa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pane ari makwenzi mungarava kwakafanana rufu, nekuti vane nyore chaizvo kuwana vavhiringika uye zvachose hazviiti kubuda.

The chikuru Chikamu chirimwa nyanza enyika kunobvumirwa benthic unicellular, planktonic algae.

Economic kukosha Indian Ocean

Kubata mhuka uye zvinomera zviri Indian Ocean hakusi renguva pamwero zvakangonyuka mune dzimwe makungwa yakadzika uye makungwa. To musi, gungwa iri munyika kuchengeterwa tsime Reserve magetsi. Gandiwa map kuIndian Ocean anogona kuratidza chitsuwa chikuru uye Peninsula hwaakange kupfuura dzakabudirira hove uye kunze remigodhi zvinokosha mhando hove uye algae:

• Sri Lanka;
• Hindustan;
• Somalia;
• Madagascar;
• Maldives;
• Seychelles;
• ReArabhiya Peninsula.

Panyaya iyi, kuIndian Ocean mhuka vakawanda - chinokosha chaizvo muviri mhuka. Zvisinei, mukurumbira chaizvo mupfungwa iyi, muviri mvura anoshandisa. Its chikuru chinokosha vanhu nhasi - mikana yakasiyana kunyika, zviwi peninsulas.