The nzvimbo China. China: nevanhu, nzvimbo. Vagari arambe achirema mu China

The Chinese budiriro akura chaizvo. Rine makore zviuru zvina. Kubvira pamazuva Marko Polo hweKudenga kunosanganisira vatsvakurudzi uye nevafambi. Munyika ino, vagari vakawanda - inzvimbo cheshanu vanhu vose panyika. Kana tikafunga nzvimbo China, Hurumende iri rechitatu pakukura munyika.

Uye kunyange zvazvo mazuva Mao Zedong, kare apfuura, simba Communist Party, uyewo kwayo kubatsira nharaunda zvose zvoupenyu kuchiri zvikuru. Muna 1979, nyika yakatanga chirongwa ezvinhu inonzi "2 + 1". Rakanga hunovapo chinangwa pamuviri. Saka, mhuri akasaina nehurumende chibvumirano, pasi izvo vakaroorana vanosungirwa kuva mwana mukutsinhana mutero uye nezvimwe zvikomborero zvakawanda. Kutyora mitemo isingachinji kunotoreva yezve ropafadzo zvemari uye nokugura yakaisvonaka.

Up kusvikira nineties remakore rechimakumi maviri, Chinese vaisabvumirwa kushandisa motokari voga. Motokari All vari nhaka hurumende. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vanhu vanoshandisa mabhasikoro pasina chaakasiya, uye ikozvino motokari mbiri-mavhiri haidereri mu kudiwa.

Nzvimbo China zvakanga zvamboshandiswa akakamurwa mashanu nguva zvikamu. Hurongwa kwakadaro yave iripo kubvira 1912-fung kusvika 1949-fung gore. Pari nyika yose iri administratively munzvimbo iyoyo wongoramba. Masikati rokuponesa nguva haina kuitwa.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

Zvomuchadenga iri kuMabvazuva uye Central Asia. Inoratidza map China, nyika bordered ne Russia, India, Nepal, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, North Korea uye Vietnam. Pamutemo, Hurumende pasi pakudzokorora ndohwaJehovha kuchitsuwa muTaiwan, asi chokwadi haana kuvimba munhu.

Nzvimbo China ane zvinotevera tsaukana zvinhu: kumabvazuva - reArabha, pakati - chikomo kumavirira - gomo.

administrative kupesana

Sechivako ehurumende ane shanu National zvionera nharaunda uye maguta mana anokosha kuzviisa pasi, uyewo mapurovhinzi China, pakarongwa zvinosanganisira makumi maviri pfungwa.

okunze zvinhu

nharaunda China iri mitatu okunze dzinodengenyeka. Uyu mwero, subtropical uye mvura. Gomo ekunze ari Continental.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti mamiriro okunze munyika kusvikira pamwero mukuru nemaonero ayo kuzorodzwa, nekuti China ndiyo hofori pamasitepisi anodonhedza kubva marefu of Central Asia kurutivi munyanza. Kureva anoumba pamusoro nechidzitiro mutsa, kurudyi mumwe zvinobatsira kuti chengetedzo kuti mwando iyo anopinda zhizha monsoon nguva kubva gungwa nyika, uye vamwe - angatema zvikasabudiswa mhepo chando kubva kumusoro kumanikidzwa mapazi riri muchando muMongolia, South uye North Siberia Western China.

Ruzhinji munharaunda China (mu ba. Km ndiye anenge mamiriyoni 9.6) riri pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu Continental okunze. Musiyano mwaka kunokosha.

Maererano nouchapupu zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa chaiko kune Muchiuru chemakore chokutanga BC, ambotaurwa Papurazi Great akanga inodziya. chokwadi ichi, uyewo rakaorera nevhu masango zvikuru chakaita kuti chidzoke uye pakukura zvokurima munharaunda iyi, izvo zvaizoitawo kwakamutsa kwaita nyika ibudirire zvikuru.

Pakutanga kwezana yaitonga yedu, okunze akava kutonhora. Avhareji tembiricha aiwanzova maererano ano, uye ipapo vakatanga kwakapararira chando Snap kuti kwakapararira munzvimbo Eurasia nokufamba kwenguva.

akitekicha

The zvachose nzvimbo China ndiyo hombe - anopfuura mapfumbamwe nehafu dzakaenzana makiromita. Kunyange zvakadaro, nharaunda isina kudaro zvinoorora hunodzorwa imwe tsika mapurani hazvigoni akati pamusoro chero European tsika. All inokosha STRUCTURAL uye decoration unyanzvi yakatanga mazana emakore akapfuura uye vachiri kushanda nanhasi. Panguva iyoyowo kunokanganisa tsika kuenderera munyika anenge atambura chaizvo dzimwe yaingopambwa. Chakavanzika iri chokwadi kuti zvakagadzirwa zvose vagari wehurumende iyi vakayambuka prism pakati nezvavaifunga wenyika. Ndokusaka chikwereti zvinhu hazvisi akasiyana zvikuru kubva chizvarwa Chinese.

Kugara kuvakwa maguta akaitwa pachishandiswa Feng Shui dzemitemo. Saka, vose zvivako nezvatinovavarira kumaodzanyemba. Munyika maiva gadziriro yose ezvekuronga guta mitemo, maererano izvo Hurumende uye Imperial cheguta iri nguva dzose wakaiswa pakati, vakanga vakakomberedzwa masvingo, pova ndima wakarambidzwa. Zvivako kukosha dzakavakwa achitevedza migwagwa mikuru kuuya kubva kumaodzanyemba pasuwo kurutivi rwokumusoro.

Kukwirira uye nzvimbo pezvivako vakanga vakatsunga pachishandiswa mashandiro ayo uye nzvimbo muridzi munharaunda. Uye apo vanhu arambe achirema mu China yatova emakore okutanga munguva yedu chaizvo, vagari vanhuwo vairambidzwa dzimba kupfuura imwe paburiro. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, yakasiyana vhoriyamu-spatial Zvinoumba yawo. Nzvimbo yakanaka zvichiguma zvikuru dzinowedzerwa ruvara zano pamatenga edzimba. Saka, muna Imperial zvivako ainyorwa nendarama, mutemberi uye dzimba machinda - ari mutema (dzimwe nguva rwebhuruu). shongwe akanga akafukidzwa vachena tiled pedzimba.

The yakakurumbira drink

Achirondedzera China: nevanhu, nzvimbo, okunze, tsika, mapurani, upfumi uye vamwe minda - hazvibviri tisingatauri imwe zvinoshamisa zvinobata. Iye refu vanozivikanwa munyika. tii ichi. Iri chigadzirwa, kwaizoita kunzwisisa kubudiswa pokutangira zvinhu. Freshly Mafundo uye mashizha zvokudetemba inonzi neemaradhi tii. Zvichienderana izvo zvigadzirwa kushandisa panguva kubudiswa yavo, zvinoitika mutema, yero, chena, tekoizi, ruva, akapwanyika, chakatsikirirwa, tsvuku, teas matema.

rakasiyana kurapa

Veko vari kushingaira mubasa Tai Chi Chuan. Ichi rinokosha jimunasitikisi kwakavakirwa yekare ezvinhu muviri. Iyewo, inobva vasingasiyani kubatana nhatu zvinoti - kuchinja pfungwa uye kufema. Mumaguta akawanda rakaitirwa makirasi panze pasi kutungamirirwa varayiridzi ounyanzvi. basa ravo unoripa Bazi Health, vanotenda kuti zviri nani kuti kubhadhara gumi, pane kurapa chiuru.

The chikuru Pfungwa Chinese kurapwa hachisi vauye kunze utano, uye kumutsa dzakawanda ehondo muviri. Uye muviri panyaya iyi chete zhinji kusarudza. Somuenzaniso, muna plesieroorde ose. Hainan ari akafunga kubvisa breakdowns kuburikidza nokugamuchira chicherwa uye zvinonhuwirira dzokugezera. spas Local, michina ano vave vakabudirira nezvaaiitawo nemakwenzi ndichiva kubvisa zvirwere zvavo. vanachiremba Chinese zvinobva kurapwa pamusoro pfungwa manzwiro nomwe. Kana uchinge rakakunda nokutsamwa, kutya, marwadzo, kufunganya, kusuruvara, ndezvokuti kana mufaro, zvinogona kuchinja zvakanyatsoenzana yomuviri wake, kureva, kutungamirira chirwere. Kana Hainan chicherwa mvura, ivo chete kubvisa huripo kunetseka mupfungwa nokuda yepamusoro zviri zvesirivha, manganese uye rehydrogen sulfide.

uwandu hwevanhu

nzvimbo China ndiyo ba anenge mamiriyoni 9.6. ? km. On ndima iyi yakakura inogarwa mashanu nevatanhatu vemarudzi. Maererano China Population Census, nyika ine mamiriyoni 936,7 Chinese (Han) uye mamiriyoni 67,23 vamiririri vashoma National.

Density mepu chevanhu China raMwari zvinoratidza unevenness vanhu uchingoti. Saka, vakawanda Han vanhu vaigara nembiya dziri the yangtze River, Yellow River uye Pearl, uyewo kumusoro-kumabvazuva nyika - musi Sunlyaosskoy mubani. Panyaya vashoma yenyika, pasinei duku kukura, anogara vanenge 60% of mamiriro. Yavanogara Tibet, muna Rwomukati Mongolia, Ningxia Huenskom, Guangxi Zhuang, Xinjiang, uye muna gumi enyika.

Nzvimbo China kwakaita mativi. ? km chaizvo, uye munyika yokutama mamiriyoni evanhu kuita basa rinokosha iri kugovera vemo. Kakawanda, vagari maguta vari kufamba underdeveloped munzvimbo.

Parizvino munyika mune kuchinja chourongwa yokuberekwa zvokunyama incentives. Muenzaniso uyu ndiwo sirogani itsva wevanotungamirira mutemo, hunoti "vana vane maduku, nokukurumidza, pfuma." Maererano National Bureau of Statistics, wechitanhatu muna January 2005 nhamba Chinese vanhu zvasvika bhiriyoni vanhu matatu mamiriyoni zana. Zviremera Local vari kuedza kuita zvose zvinobvira dzinongoitika hwevanhu kukura ndiko razero. Zvinotarisirwa kuti kubudikidza 2030 uwandu Chinese vanhu kwasvika Parainge uye achava mabhiriyoni 1,46. Zvinotarisirwa kuti kufadza nhamba vemo akagwinya achava 2020 uye achange kwakafanana 65% kuti (vanhu mamiriyoni 940) yose kwevanhu.

Nyanzvi dzinotaura kuti kana zviremera vasiri kunyevenutsa mumutemo vakaomerwa nhamba yevana, kubudikidza pakati ichi remakore, yakakurumbira kudarika dzimwe mamiriro munyika zita uchaenda India.

Features

Map of Chinese enyika kunoratidza makumi maviri miganhu dzakabatana. Mumwe nemumwe wavo harisi chete administrative basa, asiwo netsika. Most mapurovhinzi ano vane miganhu hwakagadzwa kunyange panguva Ming hwedzinza. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, zvakakomba kushandurwa miganhu kupesana chete kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwenyika yacho.

In yakaoma China akasimbisa yakaoma kuzviisa pasi kuti nechepakati masimba enyika, asi chaizvoizvo, hurumende dzematunhu akapa ane kumbonyanya paupamhi masimba nomufambiro upfumi negwaro. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi zvinoenderana nechipimo ichi anonzi kuitika hurongwa federalism pamwe Chinese maitiro. Panyaya iyi, muenzaniso gutsaruzhinji pamwe Chinese maitiro.

mapurovhinzi Most munyika (kunze wokuchamhembe-kumabvazuva) muganhu panguva yaitonga yacho Yuan youmambo, kuti Qing uye Ming. Panyaya iyi, boka iri kazhinji haibvi mitauro, nenzvimbo kana netsika. Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti pasave separatism uye zviremera zvomunzvimbo pakakwirira. Sami veko vanoti muganhu pakati ematunhu yaiteverwa mazino sezvizvi imbwa. Pasinei neizvi, zvakadai kupesana ane tsika kukosha kukuru. Vagari nechimwe dunhu rangana mamwe maitiro zvinopinda aivapo pfungwa.

Pakati kuchangobva kuchinja miganhu weboka Republic ndedzinotevera: achiita Chongqing uye Hainan dunhu mamiriro, uyewo pakagadzwa dzinokosha administrative kumatunhu Macau uye Hong Kong. Chii pane mapurovhinzi China panguva? List chakanaka:

1. Shanxi.
2. Shandong.
3. Guangxi.
4. Zhejiang.
5. Macau.
6. Qinghai.
7. Jiangsu.
8. Anhui.
9. Jiangxi.
10. Gansu.
11. Jilin.
12. Guangdong.
13. Henan.
14. Guizhou.
15. Heilongjiang.
16. Liaoning.
17. Hebei.
18. Sichuan.
19. Hunan.
20. Fujian.
21. Qinghai.
22. Hubei.

zvisakamboonekwa

Mamiriyoni zvevashanyi vanoshanyira China ose gore. The nzvimbo munyika, izvo zvakaenzana mamiriyoni 9.6 mativi makiromita, rinosanganisira vazhinji mapurani pazvivako, uye ichi chinokwezva vafambi vanobva pasi pose. State nokungwarira anotarisira richengetedzwe nhaka yakasiyana neyevamwe yezvaiitika kare. Kunyange maguta ose (dzinokwana 24) akazivisa dzinongoitika reserves uye zvakanaka kudzivirirwa, tisingatauri wacho sezvivako.

nzwisa yakakurumbira nhare mavakirwo munyika - Ichokwadi, the Great Wall of China. Its kureba zviuru zvina makiromita. mamiriro Unique anodzivirira muganhu nyika kuchamhembe. Akatanga kuvaka pazuva rechina uye wechitatu emakore BC, panguva apo vamwe Chinese hurumende mubasa pakusikwa kuzvidzivirira zvivako vazvidzivirire kubva vachirwisa vemadzinza anongofamba kubva Central Asia. Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, paivakwa the Great Wall of China vanenge zviuru zvina vanhu vakatora chikamu. Pashure paumbwe dzimwe nhengo dzawo akaisa pamwe munhu centralized mamiriro. Saka, imwe chete kuzvidzivirira kunzwisisa rakaumbwa. Panopera basa rokuvaka chakaita kuti rechitatu remakore AD. Wall aiva rusvingo kuzvidzivirira, izvo titaure dzakakwirira makubhiti gumi. A yakafara kumusoro aigona kufamba mauto uye ngoro. Ose mazana maviri metres kure anomira achizvidzivirira shongwe.

Beijing anozivikanwa nokuda pakukura China kwemunhu miziyamu inonzi National Palace. Kare, raiva Imperial Palace. Rokuvaka yakasiyana nedzimwe mapurani Monument rakatanga yokutanga yezana remakore rechigumi nemashanu. Gare gare mumuzinda rakavakwazve uye yakawedzera kukura. Modern Museum iri Beijing ndiyo chinhu chikuru kunzwisisa, umo mamiriro pane Zvivako vanopfuura zana. The mukomberedzo akapoteredzwa navanopinda gwara uye takapoteredzwa rusvingo rwematombo mukuru. The zvachose nzvimbo yamambo - 720,000 mativi makiromita, uye uwandu Exhibits - 800 zviuru. Ekupedzisira vanomirirwa Antiquities, kusanganisira mumuzinda tsika midziyo, zvekare nezvionioni mhangura, nejedhi uye porcelain, mabhuku akasiyana uye yamabhuku ari mumuzinda, uye kwavari zvisere namazana semhosva yenyika pfuma tsika. Zuva nezuva, kuti miziyamu anotora vashanyi zviuru makumi matatu.

China aputsa zvakasiyana-siyana mugadheni uye Park zvivako. Zvikurukuru, vari riri vaimbova dzamadzimambo youmambo uye pasiri nemapaki pakubhadhara akasiyana nzvimbo. Kufarira ndiyo yakanaka kwazvo makomo nevanhu, madziva, arbours, mazambuko uye sokunofadza mirwi yematombo.

A klassiske Muenzaniso watenzi nzvimbo uri - uye iye Yuan, kupaka vakazorora ikoko. It iri mundima Summer Palace pa Beijing.

The Chinese guta iri paki inonzi Hay Bey, rinoreva "Sea North". Unozviti mudhamu rakagadzirwa nevanhu pamhenderekedzo ayo kuisa dzinonakidza gazebos, pamisasa uye temberi.

Suzhou anzi guta zvakasvibirira. Pari kune vanopfuura zana uye mapindu zvivako. Vose vari zvakagadzirirwa kufadza ziso uye kupa mumvuri pakupisa yezhizha.

mhedziso

Anoyemura chinhu chinoshamisa nzvimbo munyika kwete chete. China - imwe nyika kuti akapa nyika pepa, gunpowder, chinongedzo. Mukuwedzera, kunoshamisa basa National tsika. Zvinokanganisawo ruzhinji nzvimbo upenyu hwevanhu uye kukura nyika uye anoramba kuita kudaro kusvikira ikozvino.