The numéro-BSN: majana mhando, kuti uchishandisa pfungwa. The gudzazwi Dunhu iri vasiri inverting operative gudzazwi. Scheme DC voltage gudzazwi operative gudzazwi

Nyaya ichakurukurwa mureza gudzazwi redunhu ndiyo imwe operative gudzazwi, uye mienzaniso yakasiyana modes kushanda kuti mudziyo uyu. To musi, hapana nokudzora chikwata kuita pasina kushandisa woshanda amplifiers. Uyu ichiita mabasa akawanda zvechokwadi zvishandiso vachikubvumira mabasa akasiyana-siyana pamwe chete chiratidzo. About sei akunoita uye chii chaizvo zvinoita kuti mudziyo ichi iwe uye kudzidza pamusoro.

inverting gudzazwi

Driving inverting gudzazwi numéro-BSN iri nyore, unogona kuona mumufananidzo. At paro chiri operative gudzazwi (maererano Type izvozvo munyaya ino). Uyezve, pano:

1. The resistor R1 ane voltage donhwe aripo kukosha kwayo kwakafanana mazano.
2. Muna resistor R2 ane voltage donhwe - ndizvo zvakafanana goho.

Panyaya iyi goho voltage reshiyo ari kurwisa mutengo R2 ari mazano noruremekedzo kuna R1, asi shure chiratidzo. Kuziva voltage uye kurwisa tsika zvinogona dzaona inopfumisa. Kuti aite izvi, pakugovana goho voltage kuti mazano voltage. In ichi operative gudzazwi (nokuchinja redunhu ringave chero) angava zvakafanana pfuma zvisinei mhando.

zvaunofunga Jobs

basa inofambiswa - zvino rimwe inokosha pfungwa unofanira kunzwisisa zvizere. Ngatitii, pamusuo pane makakatanwa. Kuti zvive nyore, Masvomhu achatora kukosha 1 V. kufunga kuti ohms R1 = 10K, R2 = 100.

Zvino ngatitii pane vamwe zvisingafanoonekwi mamiriro ezvinhu, nokuti izvo goho Danho voltage yakatogadzirwa kuti 0 V. Next, pane inonakidza muenzaniso - resistances maviri kutanga kushanda vaviri vaviri, pamwe chete kusika kubva voltage mugoveri. Panguva goho pamusoro inverting pechikuva anodzokororwa pa 0,91 V. Izvi zvinoita Os kugadzirisa mismatch zvinoshandisa pakurima, uye goho voltage rutapudzo kunoitika. Saka, zviri nyore chaizvo namaapuro Mufananidzo operative amplifiers, chiratidzo gudzazwi iyo anoziva mashandiro ari Switch, somuenzaniso.

Uye kuchinja uku acharamba zvikuru pores, chero zvinoiswa pamusoro goho mutengo akatsiga pa 10 V. Yaiva panguva ino ari zvinoshandisa pakurima ari operative gudzazwi potentials vakaenzana. Uye ivo vachava zvakafanana pasi mukana. Ukuwo, kana goho voltage ari mudziyo acharamba kutapudzwa, uye zvichava asingasviki -10 V pa mazano zvinogona kunova kudzika kudarika zvevhu. Mugumisiro - the goho voltage inotanga kuwedzera.

In zano akadaro ane kuvamirira - mazano impedance iri dikisa, kunyanya mune amplifiers rurefu kukosha voltage pfuma, kana inofambiswa loop yapera. A design, kunokurukurwa inotevera, kunyimwa kutadza izvi zvose.

The asiri inverting gudzazwi

The mufananidzo unoratidza dhayagiramu munhu asiri inverting gudzazwi chinhu operative gudzazwi. Aongorora izvozvo, tinogona vafunga akawanda:

1. UA voltage kukosha zvakaenzana mazano.
2. With mugoveri kure voltage UA, inova nhamba basa goho voltage kuti mubatanidzwa R1 uye R1 uye R2 resistances.
3. In Kana apo kukosha UA akaenzana mazano voltage, fuma iri nhamba goho voltage kuti chiyamuro (kana kungava hama kuti resistances R2 uye R1 kuwedzera chikwata).

Chivako ichi inonzi asiri inverting gudzazwi, ine husingakuvadzi parinogumira chiyamuro impedance. Somuenzaniso, kune operative amplifiers 411 akatevedzana kukosha kwayo - 1012, zvinenge. Uye nokuda operative amplifiers vachishandisa nechirwere semiconductor transistor, kazhinji zvinopfuura 108 ohms. Uye pano ndiyo goho impedance ari Pazvinoitika, uyewo ari kare kukurukurwa zano iri dikisa - mugove ohms. Uye anofanira kufungwa kana kuverenga rinoitwa nematunhu chete woshanda amplifiers.

Scheme AC gudzazwi

Zvirongwa Vose vakakurukura munyaya vanomhanya pamusoro yakapfuura zvakananga iyezvino. Asi kana munhu kukurukurirana unhu mazano chiratidzo panobva uye gudzazwi anoshanda rakatumbuka kuitika kuti achapa pasi nokuda uno panguva mazano. Uye unofanira kuteerera chokwadi kuti magetsi mutengo iduku chaizvo kukura.

Kana pane yamuro AC kunoratidza zvakakodzera kuti kuderedza fuma kubatana DC chiratidzo. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya vanenge apo voltage pfuma yakakura chaizvo. Kuburikidza ichi zvinobvira kuderedza zvinoitwa fura kunetseka wakapiwa kuna mazano mudziyo.

Chechipiri muenzaniso redunhu kushanda pamwe AC voltage

In zano iri, panguva -3 db anogona kuonekwa mutsetse Frequency 17Hz. Kunenge kubva impedance pamusoro capacitor pa kilos maviri. Naizvozvo, kuti capacitor anofanira kunge yakakura zvakakwana.

Kuvaka AC simba, unofanira kushandisa asiri inverting mhando nematunhu chete woshanda amplifiers. Uye anofanira kuva guru zvakakwana voltage inopfumisa. Asi pano ndicho capacitor anogona kunge yakakura, saka zvakanaka kurega kushandisa. Chokwadi, zvinokosha kusarudza zvakanaka fura mupfungwa, equating kuti razero ukoshi. Uye zvinokwanisika kushandisa mugoveri T-kuumbwa uye kuwedzera kurwisa tsika vose resistors mudunhu.

Ndeupi zano riri nani pane kushandisa

Developers Most kupa zvatinofarira yavo asiri inverting amplifiers, sezvo vane refu kwazvo impedance pa mazano. Uye hanya zvirongwa inverting mhando. Asi pakupedzisira pane mukana hombe - hazvina kupfuura zvakawandisa operative gudzazwi, inova "mwoyo" ayo.

Uyezve, zvinoitwa, chokwadi, iye nani zvikuru. Uye tichibatsirwa yokufungidzira pasi kunogona chokubatanidza ose anonongedzera nyore, uye ivo havana mumwe achaita vamwe simba. Rinogona kushandiswa zvivako uye DC gudzazwi redunhu kuti operative gudzazwi. Zvose zvinoenderana nezvaunoda.

Uye kupfuura ichangopfuura - kana zano rose, kunokurukurwa pano, zvakabatana mudanga goho mamwe operative gudzazwi. Panyaya iyi, iyo impedance ose mazano hakusi kukosha - kanenge 1 KW, kunyange 10, kunyange zvazvo kusaverengeka. Panyaya iyi, kutanga kwekupwanyiwa nguva dzose kushumira chinangwa chacho chokuita inotevera.

Driving repeater

Powered muteveri operative gudzazwi akafanana emitter yakavakirwa nechirwere transistor. Uye anoita zvakafanana mabasa. Kutaura zvazviri, ndiye munhu asiri inverting gudzazwi, pakutanga resistor akatosimba guru, uye wechipiri razero. Panyaya iyi pfuma kubatana.

Kune mhando chaidzo operative amplifiers zvinoshandiswa magadzirirwo chete nokuda repeater hushande. Vane nani chokupika - kazhinji kumhanya. Somuenzaniso, dzakadai operative amplifiers OPA633, LM310, TL068. Ekupedzisira ane muviri wakaita transistor, uyewo matatu mhedziso. Kakawanda, amplifiers aya anotaurwa nyore sezvo buffers. Chokwadi kuti vane insulator ehupfumi (yakakwirira chaizvo chiyamuro impedance uye pasi kwazvo goho). About yakavakirwa musimboti ichi, uye ano gudzazwi redunhu chinhu operative gudzazwi.

Active muoti

Kutaura zvazviri, ndiye munhu nzira yakadaro umo outputs uye zvinoshandisa pakurima pamusoro operative gudzazwi haisi migweje. Kana mazano redunhu anopa guru kwazvo chiratidzo panguva goho nayo chete anotanga kutema ufanane nemuteresi kana emitter voltage. Asi kana goho voltage ndee pana ufanane chekawo - iri zvinoshandisa pakurima OC voltage haachinji. At chikero ichi hazvigoni kuva mukuru romugove voltage yacho gudzazwi pechikuva.

nematunhu Most nokuti operative amplifiers rinowanikwa vakadaro kuti pezvemakuriro idukusa romugove voltage iri 2 V. Zvisinei, izvozvo zvose zvinoenderana chii rinoshandiswa zvakananga gudzazwi remudunhu operative gudzazwi. Chete pane kukamurwa pamusoro kuenderera ari ano kunobva pahwaro ari operative gudzazwi.

Ngatitii mune kunobva kuyangarara mutoro vamwe voltage inodonha. Kana magetsi ari chakaipa mirayiridzo zvokufamba, anogona kuwanikwa chinoshamisa pakutanga mutoro. Somuenzaniso, dzakawanda perepolyusovannyh mabhatiri. zvakagadzirwa Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa kuwana zvakananga kupomera kuitika.

vamwe zvokungwarira

Simple gudzazwi voltage operative gudzazwi (dunhu inogona kusarudza) zvinogona kuitwa sezvariri "pabvi ake." Asi anofanira kufunga dzimwe zvinhu. Iva nechokwadi kuti chokwadi chokuti inofambiswa mudunhu kunaka. Rinotiwo kuti isanzwiwa kuvhiringidza asiri inverting uye inverting zvinoshandisa pakurima yacho gudzazwi. Uyezve, panofanira kuva inofambiswa nengetani DC. Zvikasadaro, kuti numéro BSN ichatanga kufamba nokukurumidza muna saturation muoti.

Vazhinji operative gudzazwi chiyamuro differential voltage zvikuru duku ukoshi. The kunonyanyisa kusiyana noninverting uye inverting zvinoshandisa pakurima vanogona kungopfeka kuti kukosha 5 V chero unobva simba kunobva. Kana isu hanya ichi izwi, vachava pamusuo kuti panzvimbo yakakura tsika dzenzvimbo ichaita kuti chokwadi kuti zvose zvinoitwa redunhu kuchaita kuipa.

The kutombonaka iri - kuparadzwa operative gudzazwi chaiko. Somugumisiro, izvozvo hunomira kushanda gudzazwi redunhu numéro AMP zvachose.

Yeuka

Uye, chokwadi, tinofanira kutaura pamusoro nemitemo inofanira kutevedzerwa kuitira mudanga uye inogara kwenguva refu nokushanda operative gudzazwi.

Chikurukuru - Du ane yakakwirira chaizvo voltage inopfumisa. Uye kana voltage pakati zvinoshandisa pakurima kushandura kugoverana millivolts, kuti goho ukoshi hwayo angachinja yekudyidzana. Saka zvinokosha kuziva: kubva numéro-BSN goho riri kuedza kutsvaka kuitira kuti voltage musiyano pakati zvinoshandisa pakurima akanga pedyo (Zvakanakisa kuenzana) kusvika razero.

The ushe rechipiri - magetsi kudyiwa ari operative gudzazwi iri dikisa, chaizvoizvo nanoamps. Kana mazano yakaiswa kuti munda-chaizvoizvo transistors, zvinofungidzirwa Pa. Zvinogona vakagumisa kuti zvinoshandisa pakurima murege kupedzana ano, pasinei rinoshandiswa operative gudzazwi redunhu - Zvinotaurwa kushanda inoramba zvakafanana.

Asi musafunga kuti Dove ari kuramba rokuchinja mazano voltage zvechokwadi. Panyama, ichi anenge zvisingaiti, sezvo paizova zvaidiwa nokutonga wechipiri. Nokuda operative gudzazwi kuenda tinyatsonzwisisa zvinoshandisa pakurima zvose. Inofambiswa nechitarisiko yokukurukurirana redunhu iri chakasvitswa mazano voltage kubva goho. The mugumisiro - pakati zvinoshandisa pakurima ari operative gudzazwi ndiye voltage musiyano pakati razero.

zvaunofunga pfungwa

It vanowanzochema pfungwa, uye ndotodururwa zvinoshandiswa Mupfungwa yakakura muminda zvose zvigadzirwa. Chero kuzvidzora hurongwa ine inofambiswa loop kuti rinofananidza goho chiratidzo uye wakatarwa (bhuku). Zvichienderana chii kuitika ukoshi - pane kururamiswa mugwara. Makavigwa kuzvidzora mamiriro anogona kuva chinhu, kunyange motokari kuti anofamba munzira.

The mutyairi pazvisviniro akamedura, uye inofambiswa ndiko - pakutanga deceleration. By muenzaniso muenzaniso wakadaro nyore, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani inofambiswa mune zvemagetsi matunhu. A kunaka inofambiswa - nayo kana apo vachisundira akaputsa chitiviri motokari Inowedzera.

The inofambiswa zvemagetsi ndiyo muitiro apo Kupfuudzwa kunoitika kubva goho kusvikira mazano chiratidzo. Saizvozvo panewo kugadzirisa pamusoro mazano chiratidzo. Kudivi rimwe, hazvina musoro chaizvo pfungwa, zvingaita chokwadi sokuti kubva kunze, izvo kuderedza zvikuru inopfumisa. Wongororo kwakadaro, nenzira, vakatanga wakagamuchira zvemagetsi kukura dzinovaka. Asi zvinokosha kunzwisisa zvizere yakawanda zvazvinoita kwayo pamusoro operative amplifiers - funga dzinobatsira matunhu. Uye zviri pachena kuti ichokwadi uye zvishoma kunoderedza fuma, asi anobvumira kuti kuvandudza munhu mumwe mikana mishoma:

1. Enzanisa kakawanda mhinduro (zvichitungamirira zvavo zvakakodzera).
2. Kunoitawo kuti kufanotaura nomufambiro gudzazwi.
3. Anokwanisa kubvisa vasiri linearity uye chiratidzo kusarurama.

The zvakawanda inofambiswa (tiri kutaura zvakaipa), shoma simba pamusoro gudzazwi kuita ane pakachena Os. Result - parameters ayo zvose kuvimba chete ehupfumi kuti dunhu.

Zvinokosha kuteerera chokwadi kuti zvose operative amplifiers kushanda imwe nzira ine zvikuru dzinovaka. A voltage yakaipa (yaro yakavhurika-loop) anogona kusvika kunyange mamiriyoni akawanda. Naizvozvo, gudzazwi redunhu chinhu operative gudzazwi iri zvikuru zvichiwedzera pamusoro zvaidiwa vose parameters simba romugove uye mazano chiratidzo revarombo.