The mutero mutoro - inokosha inoratidza zvoupfumi ezvinhu ehurumende

The mutero mutoro - kurasikirwa chikamu mambure zvakanakira nzanga nokuda kuwa muna maindasitiri kugadzirwa uye, naizvozvo, kudyiwa kwenhumbi zvishoma pane Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri panyaya yebhuku idzva kana yakawedzera dziine zviripo mitero.

Pfungwa yokuti "mutoro mutero" panguva imwe chete paiva mutero kutarisira. Muzana remakore rechi18 Adam Smith vaidzidza hupfumi ukama pakati risiti mari iri pehurumende bhajeti uye padanho mutero mutoro. Mhedzisiro akatiwanira chiri axiom, iyo inotaura kuti Akaroromesawo mutero mutoro yaizoramba neHurumende scoring, sezvo paine vanosunungurwa mari kubva oupfumi izvo kuwana imwe mari uye, naizvozvovo, chimwezve mutero.

A quantitative yera ichi chinoratidza masayendisiti, nezvoupfumi akaedza kupa nguva. Izvi zvakanga chokutanga Economist German F. Justi, dzakapiwa tsanangudzo izwi panguva makro pamwero uye anoratidza ukama pakati pehurumende bhajeti uye National mari chete mamiriro.

The mutero mutoro kwakakosha nokuti upfumi uye sezvinotevera:

- chakarurama Izvi rinoshandiswa tichienzanisa nevari dzimwe nyika, yakavakirwa chisarudzo anoitwa kuti kuitisa zvimwe zvinhu zviri mitero iri iyo.

- The mutero mutoro zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa neHurumende kukura mitemo zvakakodzera. Pakatanga mitero itsva, kushandura dzavo rates, yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuti mutero incentives nehurumende rinoitwa kuramba zvichiongororwa pakati migumisiro kuchinja kwakamboitwa zvinoitirwawo inokanganisa pamusoro upfumi, hurumende inofanira kuita zvinoenderana.

- zvazvingava Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa chokukomborerwa kwemaitiro masangano. Rakanga riri kwayo nokukura hunobva pakugona akaitwa kuti vawedzere kugadzirwa dzavo kana mari.

- Panguva senyika, mutero mutoro inoshandiswa nokuda mumagariro negwaro. Zvinonzi nanga kukosha kwayo, kuti mamiriro anogona vaipe pakati akasiyana evanhu mapoka.

Kana pakuverenga mutero mutoro hupfumi sangano, zvimwe pane uwandu mitero abhadhara, uye kufungawo mari avo, izvo zvazvinoita kugoverwa mitero izvi. Vanosanganisira:

- kunodyira nokuti mari sangano vashandi;

- mubereko kubhadhara pamusoro borrowings;

- kugadzira mari;

- mari pfuma inishuwarenzi, etc.

Nokuti mutero mutoro zvakunoita zvachose zvose zvoupfumi pezvakaitwa munyika, zviri kuongororwa panguva micro uye makro chechetere.

Panguva micro vanochiva chakarurama ichi rinowanikwa mumwe nomumwe taxpayer (ichi kunogona kuva nebhizimisi sangano - kambani kana yepachivande mugari). The zvebhizimisi mutero mutoro inogona dzaona nenzira dzakawanda. Mumwe wavo - nhamba Verengai mitero inobhadharwa pamusoro vanosvika okutengesa vhoriyamu. Zvakaipira algorithm ndiko kutadza kufunga mari. The yemaitiro wechipiri, iro rinoshandiswa pachinzvimbo okutengesa Vhoriyamu mambure purofiti ndiyo kunyatsoenderana uye inorangarira zvose zvinoita kuti itibatsire nyore mari.

Pakusarudza mutero mutoro vanhuwo vagari vaishandisa nhamba munhu mari mutero (gomba) zvayo zvachose kwemari.

Panguva makro vanochiva chakarurama ichi rinowanikwa nokushandisa nhamba kuuya mutero GDP.

Nokupfupikisa akanyorwa pamusoro, chatingawana zvinotevera mhedziso: nokunyanyisa mutero mutoro - kurasikirwa evanhu zvikomborero zvinobva kuna Implementation yevateresi policies kuti kutungamirira vasanyanye zhinji zvoupfumi zviratidzo munyika.