The kushanda nheyo Geiger pakaunda uye dosimeters ano

Yakaitwa muna 1908 maererano German yefizikisi Hans Vilgelmom Geygerom mudziyo anokwanisa kuona kuti ionizing nemwaranzi zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa mazuva edu. Chikonzero ichi ndicho yakakwirira aikanganiswa ari mudziyo, kukwanisa kwayo kuziva-siyana nemwaranzi. Nyore uye vakaderera mutengo kuti tikwanise kutenga Geiger pakaunda kune munhu anosarudza vakazvimiririra kuyera nemwaranzi pamwero chero nguva uye chero nzvimbo. Chiiko ichi zano uye sei mabasa?

The kushanda nheyo Geiger yemabhuku

By design, Geiger pakaunda iri nyore. The rakanamwa mudziyo pamwe electrodes maviri pumped gasi muvhenganiswa zvinosanganisira neon uye argon, iyo nyore ionized. Chiri akapa kuna electrodes yakakwirira voltage (anenge 400 V), izvo pachazvo hakusi chinhu kukangamwirwa mananara kunokonzera kusvikira panguva apo gaseous svikiro iri mudziyo haasi tatanga ionization rikurumidze. The chidzoke vakabva kunze nezvimedu kunotungamirira kuti chikuru maerekitironi, nokukurumidza mune rakakodzera mumunda, vanotanga ionize mamwe mamorekuru ari gaseous svikiro. Somugumisiro, pasi pokudzora wemagetsi munda kunokonzera aval pakati maerekitironi uye pakusika chitsva ions iyo zvikuru kuwedzera Erekitironi conductivity yacho Ion gore. The gaseous svikiro Geiger buditsa kunoitika. Kuwanda pulses kuti zvinoitika mukati imwe nguva penguva Proportional chitsama akanyorwa nezvimedu zvakananga. musimboti hwemabasa Geiger yemabhuku.

The neizvi kwacho, umo gaseous svikiro iri vakadzokera hwepakutanga kunoitika woga. Pasi zvinoitwa halogen (kazhinji kuiisa chlorine kana bromine) ari svikiro kunoitika kwakanyanya recombination mhosva. Izvi ndizvo zvikuru nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva, uye saka nguva inodiwa kuti kudzorera aikanganiswa pakati Geiger pakaunda, - rinokosha chaizvo unhu mudziyo nameplate.

Pasinei nokuti zviito Geiger pakaunda musimboti iri nyore, zviri anokwanisa kuita ionizing nemwaranzi ose akasiyana-siyana kwemarudzi ezvinhu. It α-, β-, γ-, uyewo X-ray, Nyuturoni uye ultraviolet nemwaranzi. All kunobva mudziyo kugadzirwa. Saka, suo hwindo rimwe Geiger pakaunda, vaikwanisa Detective nyoro α- uye β-nemwaranzi chinoitwa waMika Ukobvu 3 kusvika 10 microns. Nokuti kuziva miedzo maekisirei nayo chakagadzirwa beryllium, uye ultraviolet - Goldstone.

Uko aishandisa Geiger yemabhuku

The kushanda nheyo Geiger pakaunda ndiyo hwaro dosimeters vakawanda ano. Izvi zviduku mano kuva hwakanyatsorwisa yakaderera cost, ane nani yakakwirira nehanya uye vanokwanisa kuratidza kunoguma munhu-verengeka dzakabatana. Nyore kunoita kuti ishande mano izvi, kunyange vaya yokuti dosimetry kure chaizvo.

In Pakuurayiwa zvinhu uye kururama kuyerwa dosimeters vari nyanzvi uye nevatengi. Achibatsirwa pavo unogona nokukurumidza uye zvinobudirira kuona kwaibva ionizing mwaranzi inowanika akazaruka munzvimbo uye mukati zvivako.

mano aya anoshandiswa mubasa nheyo Geiger pakaunda, anogona nenguva ikwidzwe ngozi chiratidzo zvose achishandisa rinoonekwa uye okuteerera kana vibration anonongedzera. Saka, unogona nguva dzose kutarisa zvokudya, zvipfeko, ongorora midziyo, midziyo yemagetsi, zvokuvakisa uye zvichingodaro. D. Nokuti kusavapo inokuvadza vanhu muviri nemwaranzi.