The hunoshamisa mapurani Monuments of St. Petersburg: list, tsananguro, Photo

An hunoshamisa mashoko akaoma - mapurani Monuments of St. Petersburg ane chaizvo chepfungwa munhau peguta, pasinei nokuti zvakanga guta guru duku munyika. Anokudzwa St. Petersburg zvakanaka vakafunga kunze dzose chivako mukuru, zvinoshamisa proportionality vose dzomumaguta ensembles uye kuwirirana sezvinoita polyphony tichitarisa kuderedzwa kiyi kwazvo rwokuzvarwa zvakatipoteredza. Kuti chokwadi, uye zvinokosha kuti nyika ounyanzvi uye mapurani Monuments of St. Petersburg.

Styles uye tenzi

Buildings muguta vakawanda gumi neshanu mapurani akasiyana zvitaera, chikuru anganzi Baroque - Petro uye Elizabeth, Classicism, Empire, eclectic, ano uye constructivism. Italian Baroque - maruva nguva absolutism - kubva 16 kusvika 18 remakore. Pano kwazvo kunzwisisa curvilinear, simba, nokubwinya uye quirkiness. Architectural Monuments of St. Petersburg ndivo manyorero ndiwo tefa chaizvo.

To Peter mavakirwo muRussia ainzi "mapatani Russian ari" mudzidziso uye kazhinji pamwe Byzantine tsika pakuvaka temberi. Russian Baroque - kwemapazi izvi zvitaera maviri. Zvisinei, muMoscow uye Petro Baroque zvinosiyana kwete chete kubva mumwe asiwo mukuru kumwero - kubva Western Europe. Kana tikaenzanisa mapurani Zvivako St. Petersburg kuti Petrovsky ichikosha musimboti upi guta rekare Italian kana French, unogona pachako iratidzwe ichi.

Petro Baroque

Chevaux Peter mufaro kukoka ezvivako kubva West, uye somugumisiro reGermany-Dutch-Italian-French co-kusikwa Fani iyi kwakamuka St. Petersburg maitiro. Raiva Great Northern War, zvivako dzinogarwa dzakavakwa anenge overhauled, zvachose chinochechenya matanda nokukurumidza.

Asi kunyange panguva iyoyo paiva zvivako kuti muzive vomunguva zvedu; shipyard, pachiteshi, Castle - nokungoti, zvokuita nemashoko mashoma ichiti, kwakasara uye pfungwa mapurani akasika pasi chinokosha pokudzora Dutch uye vokuGermany.

Stucco, porticoes uye nembiru havana, asi pamadziro akanga kazhinji pediments, volutes, pilasters, uye denga - spiers kuti inosimbisa vose kutwasuka uye zvido zvevanhu nzira. Inside kuvaka kakawanda aronga aine Suite. Kunyange ipapo, zvivako akashongedzerwa chomumba zvimbuzi uye mvura inoyerera.

mienzaniso

Temple uye rusvingo mapurani raiva nyore, asi yakashongedzwa bhero shongwe Petro Paul Cathedral, Saint Panteleimon chechi, Peter uye Paul Fortress waro Peter Gate, Summer Palace of Peter Mukuru, Menshikov Palace, gumi Collegia, Kikin Chamber of Curiosities, Alexander Nevsky Lavra, Italian palace Kronstadt . The ezvivako nguva: MG Zemtsov, Domenico Trezzini, A. Schluter, JB Leblon, G. Mattarnovi, JM Fontana.

Elizaveta Petrovna

mwanasikana Petra Velikogo akanga kure nababa vake chivakwa vavariro, asi zvose kwake panguva kushandisa pfungwa Western European Baroque kwaro zvikuru yakaisvonaka chimiro, nokuti umambo pasi rwake nzara nokubwinya, zvoumbozha uye ukuru. Architectural Monuments of St. Petersburg ramakore rechi18 zvakajeka zvikuru unhu zvinonyatsorehwa werudzii muguta. Akamisa guru machechi, temberi, dzimba, dzoushe - zvose zvikuru decoration mifananidzo uye mapurasitiki pamwe paupamhi masitepisi mukati, pamwe tiers vaviri mahwindo uye Inn edzimba.

The omukati nguva vaiva fantastically whimsical, zvakawanda chivezwa, akaveza zvishongo vane hwakarongwa flooring uye magirazi. Yanyatsosimba mavara Baroque pamwe ndarayira inoisa. Zvinonzi vakatangazve kuvakwa kereke shanu-domed, akadzokera tsika mifananidzo gilded iconostasis uye Russian temberi kushongedzwa Byzantine canons. Zvino vashanyi vanogona kubatana kubwinya manyorerwo, iro rakachengetwa mapurani Monuments of St. Petersburg.

Muchidimbu pamusoro vanatenzi uye dzimba

Nguva iyi korona, Chokwadi, Rastrelli, asi ivo nomumishinari uye FS Argun, uye SI Chevakinsky uye AV Kvass uye P. Trezzini uye AF Whist. Makore makumi maviri asati 1760 Anichkov dzakavakwa munyika Elizabethan Baroque Stroganov uye Vorontsov dzoushe, Smolny Cathedral, Catherine Palace muna Tsarskoye tiiviste, kuti Winter Palace uye Great Peterhof, Naval Cathedral uye zvakawanda.

Ekaterina Velikaya

Anotevera makumi maviri apfuura, St. Petersburg pakuvaka akagadzira pasi chiratidzo chinoziva absolutism uye manyorero mangwanani classicism. Zvivako ndawana harmonically akarayira, pamwe kufambira mberi nyore uye ukuru panguva imwe chete - sezvo nebhizimisi kadhi rusingaperi nyika.

Zviratidzo - wekare murayiro, monumentality, kuzvidzora, zvose wakachengetwa munhu chekare-mhanya zvivako mapurani Monuments of St. Petersburg. Photo Rondedzero kuchabatsira kusiyanisa vokutanga classicism waro dzimwe mhando.

Buildings sezvinoita mangwanani classicism

The kuitika Administration Building RGPU musi Moika - aimbova muzinda Count Razumovsky, uyo akavaka AF Kokorinov uye JB Vallin the Mothe, aiva mumwe wokutanga mangwanani-chekare-mhanya chivakwa yacho. akitekicha Its kunoonekwa zvinhu yeKorinde uye zvirevo Ionic, reliefs, Arcade, asi zvinoitwa Baroque zvinyanye kuonekwa nevamwe. Front pachivanze namasuo akakura uye yakakwirira fenzi kunosimbisa yakatarwa chivakwa.

Architectural Monuments of St. Petersburg, kuri hwakareba mazita zvipo uye nezvimwe zvisikwa matarenda Artists izvi. It Repin Institute on University Embankment, 17, uye kwokutanga kwaiva Imperial Academy of Arts Fine; St. Petersburg State University chivakwa pamusoro building, 9, kwokutanga - nyaya kuti bhora mitambo; Yusupov Palace. Vallin the Mothe ndokumisa Hanging Garden uye North Pavilion of Small Hermitage. Yuri Felten, mudzidzi Rastrelli akavaka chikoro vasikana muFirisitia, Hermitage Large, ari Armenian Church, Lutheran Church ari pamusoro Vasilyevsky Island uye chechi St. Anne musi Kirochnaya, 8.

oma classicism

Zvakakwana kuine zvinhu zvivako Baroque zvakavakwa pashure 1780, uyewo nhengo Catherine classicism. Vaizonyatsomuteerera vanotevera dzenhoroondo mirairo Vitruvius uye Palladio - rectangular zvakafanana, ichibata Layouts, zvakadzama kushandisa arcades, nembiru, pediments, porticoes. The omukati vari yakashongedzwa magazini zvenhaka zvivezwa uye vazhinji zvinhu mararamiro ekare.

Piyona of St. Petersburg manyorerwo akava Cameron, panguva iyoyo rakashanda VI Bazhenov, D. Kvarnegi, kureva Wekare, NA Shumba. mabasa avo - kuwirirana uye compositional kukwana, conciseness uye proportionality nezvimiro. A muenzaniso unoshamisa - the Tauride Palace.

Pavlovsky classicism

Izvi yemakore mashanu kusvika 1801 rinotaura zvishoma kudanana shanduro classicist mapurani, iro pachena kuchinjwa Gothic manyorerwo. Izvi anonyanya Chesme Palace akitekiti weddill Felten - mativi chimiro pamwe gothic, zvinhu muchimiro turrets, toothed mahwindo Lancet uye parapets.

Architectural Monuments of St. Petersburg kukasawedzerwa uye kumaodzanyemba mhando European Mikhailovsky Castle, uko yakaisvonaka classicism - ndicho chikuru uye kumaodzanyemba pamadziro menyika. Castle anotarisa rinopikisa, noushingi, inorema cornices kuchamhembe France nowenyika knightly nengowani.

Alexander classicism

The mugadzi yeRussian Empire akava classicism Alexander, iyo kazhinji vanozivikanwa chete Empire manyorerwo. Alexander I kakawanda vakokwa vatorwa ezvivako, kunyanya French.

Naizvozvo, kuvaka iyi kusiyanisa inoomesera Doric kana Tuscan mirairo uye inorema mbiru. Kuoneka sphinxes uye zvimwe zvinhu Egyptian Revival mapurani. Kuponeswa yakasimba mitsetse, rakaisvonaka, akakura mifananidzo pamwe nyore uye Kujeka kwakaita siluetti.

Mienzaniso wokutanga coils Empire

Mumagadzirirwo iyi St. Petersburg mapurani Zvivako anomirirwa Mining Institute kuvaka Vasilyevsky Island, yaigadzirwa vanodhirowa A. Vorohnina. Nyere ari Doric mbiru zvikurukuru zvakanaka kusimbisa manyorero yakafanana netemberi yekare, mifananidzo zvakadaro Antaeus, Hercules uye Proserpina varipo ipapo.

Kunyange zvakawanda nomukurumbira mabasa tenzi ichi - Kazan Cathedral. Emperor Paul, uyo aida, aida kudzokorora Vatican raMwari St. Petro, uye mune dzimwe muudzame zvakafanana zvinogona kuonekwa: iri hombe design, ane simba musimboti pemvura, muna elongated Basilica uye pasina bhero shongwe. Zvisinei, ndizvo kushongedzwa chaiyo Nevsky Prospekt.

High classicism (Late)

Kupfuura chero mumagadzirirwo ichi zvakashanda Tom De Thomon: pakuvaka Bolshoi Theater (zvinosuruvarisa, pachine zvachose), musha Countess Laval idzva musika yakaoma uye kuti mate pakati Vasilyevsky Island (rostral mbiru, zvakare). Unogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti chichiri munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva mbiru rakawedzerwa Stock Exchange chivakwa nzvimbo uye zvinoenderana murwiyo Nevsky Prostor. Uye chivakwa pacharo, uye rostral Mbiru yakashongedzwa ndeyokufananidzira zvivezwa.

Panguva iyoyo akasimudza hwakakura pakuvaka Admiralty - chiratidzo guta riri Neva River - murongedzeri AD Zakharov. It rakapera muzvirevo pakuvaka, raiva chete chinokosha yakakurumbira spire akitekiti Ik Korobov. Pamadziro kuwana zvakasiyana siyana, asi mutinhimira kwazvo nokuda yakabudikira porticoes uye Tuscan mbiru (zviya, pamusoro nechepakati mbiru uye akaramba Ionic). Nokudaro taisa Ensemble weSeneti, uye St. Isaac Palace Square uye Alexander Garden. Panguva iyoyowo, murongedzeri Quarenghi akavaka Smolny Institute - uyewo pamatunhu dzenhoroondo manyorerwo.

Russian Empire

Zviratidzo Russian Empire - kupemberera kukunda pamusoro Bonaparte: asi dzekare kuti maitiro uye zvakafanana zvipfupi kuonekwa kuyeukwa mbiru, kwokukunda Maberere, mapurani chinayo zvakawanda zvivezwa, muzvivako akashongedzwa makondo, Laurel nezvishongo, zvombo uye zvimwe echiuto Chirevo.

The vatenzi inozivikanwa kwazvo mirayiridzo iyi - VP Stas uye Madz Rossi. The yokupedzisira ari noushingi zvikuru tinoshandurirwa mumaguta nzvimbo, wakati vakavaka Palace Square pamwechete kuvaka General Staff, Seneti Square pamwe Revafundisi uye neDare, Alexandrinsky theatre nharaunda. Architectural Monuments of St. Petersburg kuuya mufananidzo nani zvikuru kupfuura chero tsananguro. The zvakawanda saka nemhaka nhamba yavo hombe hazvitomboiti kutsanangura mune nzvimbo munhu pfupi nyaya.