The emunharaunda budiriro mabhanga. International uye zvenharaunda kukura nemabhangi

Kubva mune zveupfumi nematambudziko kashoma sei nzvimbo rurefu mwero kusangana uye nokugoverana mari. On kumusika pasina munyika kumiganhu iyo isina kufamba nhumbi, zvinhu, guta guru, vechibharo, pane zvakanaka mubhizimisi ekunze uye zvinhu zviri nani kuti paumbwe vagadziri simba. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvakanga anowedzera kudiwa mumwe mamiriro rwemari - emunharaunda mabhanga.

ramangwana

Regional budiriro mabhanga vakasikwa vaine kutora chikamu kwe hurumende. Vane munzvimbo zvakajeka basa mukwanisi kusangana nehurumende kupinda kwenzanga bhora, kutsigira dzimwe zvokutengeserana ukama, kupa zvikwereti zviduku uye svikiro kadikidiki bhizimisi. Somuenzaniso, rubatsiro inopiwa European Investment Bank muna 2010, Hungary, Iceland, Greece, Latvia, yakabatsira kudzikamisa upfumi uye mari mamiriro ezvinhu nyika. Regional budiriro mabhanga kuti chinokosha mupiro kuna yakawiriranwa kukura nhengo nyika kubatsira tisanyanya zvinokonzerwa nematambudziko zvemari. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, basa Inter-mamiriro zvemari masangano. We funga zvakadzama nzendo dzaitsigira.

History of budiriro

Pokutangira anganzi nguva dzisangopfuma pashure peHondo Yenyika II. Muna 1949 muMoscow vatungamiriri Hungary, Albania, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, USSR uye Czechoslovakia akasarudza akamisa Council kuti Mutual Economic Runobatsira (CMEA). Chinangwa - kupa mari, zvesayenzi uye zvekushandisa pamwe, kuti vanobatsira Implementation rwakashodoka mabasa. Mumakore akatevera, akanga akabatana neDare German Democratic Republic, Mongolia, Yugoslavia uye Cuba. Pakazosvika makore 70s CMEA akaramba arara pamusoro matatu dzakawanda masangano.

kubudirira

Kunyange panguva padariro inotungamirwa ukama sangano aigona kusangana zvinodiwa muvakutsiri ari huni, mbishi zvinhu uye michina kushanda pamwe chete kuti pave kuvakwa makurusa mafuta Mapaipi "Druzhba", iro raishandiswa kutakura mbishi zvokuvakisa muHungary, Poland uye Czechoslovakia. In yechipiri yezana 60s vakasikwa Intermetal Park ngoro. Kuburikidza chikwata CMEA kupishinura kutengeserana pakati penyika mbiri, vakabata tichisunga utariri urongwa, nhengo mashandiro pamwe.

Hungary kusvitsa dzairwisa mabhazi kubva GDR - mbatya, Poland - zvizoro, pharmacology, Czechoslovakia - yemagetsi, Cuba - shuga, Romania - midziyo. zvinhu izvi vaipanana kuti mafuta chisingakoshi, gasi, nesimbi, zvibereko zvokuimba engineering, zvishandiso uye kudzivirira Mazinga. Pashure pokufa USSR, mamiriro uyu haana havasisipo. Asi nhasi anoshanda mamwe masangano akafanana.

Asian Regional Development Bank

ADB hwakagadzwa muna 1966 pedyo Economic uye Social Commission pamusoro Asia uye Pacific. Sangano Zvinangwa:

• kukurudzira kukura muAsia uye kuFar East zvoupfumi;
• mberi vakadzi munyika;
• kugovera basa nhengo States kupfuma.

Regional Bank nokuti Zvokuvakazve uye Development muAsia inopa:

• zvikwereti nokuti kuzadziswa upfumi nemagariro zvirongwa;
• zvekushandisa kubatsirwa kugadzirira zvirongwa;
• zvikwereti kune paruzhinji uye pasiri mabhizimisi kuti kukura;
• It anobatsira ari Kufambisa zvirongwa uye zvinangwa.

At Union zvino ine 56 nhengo nyika. The mamiriro kwesangano inoumbwa matatu wevakuru vehurumende:

• President;
• ari Board Directors;
• Vatungamiri.

Mari zvinosanganisira mugove guru, kuchengeterwa mari, zvikwereti kubva mari anokosha vakasikirwa concessional anomukweretesa. Regional Development Bank rinoshanda munyika sectors dzose upfumi. Asi pfungwa iri inobhadharwa zvokurima, misika guru, simba, nezvifambiso uye kukurukurirana.

The Inter-American Development Bank

Kuti vabatsire kukura kunyika Latin America muna 1959 zvakanzi akasikwa nokuda IDB. Achitungamirirwa sangano:

• kukurudzira mari mu Latin America;
• achitungamirira iripo zviwanikwa zvose mari zvikuru zveupfumi zvirongwa;
• kukurudzira inivhesitimendi;
• vanobatsira mukuwedzera vavatorwa yokutengesera wokuti vechikamu;
• Urongwa unyanzvi kubatsirwa Implementation zvirongwa.

IDB ane zvinopfuura 48 nhengo. The Chimiro kwesangano iri sezvinotevera:

• Vatungamiriri Committee;
• ari Board Directors;
• Kutarisirwa;
• Coal;
• madhipatimendi.

Mari zvinosanganisira chipeto, Reserve guru, kuvimba mari concessional anomukweretesa. Vazhinji yesangano papepa chiri muchimiro mari, izvo zvinogona vakati, kana warranties kuti nekuita mumusika. Bank akavhiyiwa akafukidza sectors dzose upfumi, asi zvikuru pfungwa inobhadharwa zvokurima uye Fisheries, maindasitiri, magariro mabasa, mukuronga, kuchinja uye upfumi.

Kuwedzera IDB muLatin America kushanda sezvo Inter-American Investment Corporation, CDB, Central American Economic kusangana anomukweretesa sangano.

The zvemumba musika

The Central Bank vanoti pakati "utano" uye kukura poto hakuna zvakananga kubatana. The zvenharaunda budiriro nemabhangi inoitawo basa rinokosha kukura ehurumende upfumi. Ndivo rikurumidze uye kuziva zvirinani chaizvo zviduku uye svikiro kadikidiki bhizimisi. Last basa zvinobva Kuwanikwa mbiri mumunda. Maererano nenhamba, makambani kuti ushande munharaunda ine zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira dzemari hurongwa, kuwedzera nokukurumidza kuburikidza 67% kupfuura makambani munyika yose.

MuRussia, zvikoro izvi hazvisi dzakakurumbira chaizvo pakati vatengi. Entrepreneurs ari Urals, Siberia uye kuFar East zvavo havangagoni kugamuchira vakakwereta guru. Vanofanira kushandisa kuti hombe chikwereti masangano. Regional budiriro mabhanga vanofanira vadyidzani kuti Entrepreneurs dzakadaro. Large chikwereti Masangano vatengi dzakadaro havasi anonakidza zvikuru. Hurumende sangano sarudzo muitiro panyaya vakakwereta mari anogona yakanonoka inoverengeka. Zviri nani kutaura Regional Regional Development Bank. Guide Masangano vava kuziva chaizvo vebasa. The ndingangokuvara yakanaka sarudzo kumusoro.

Davi - kwete mubhengi

In hombe chikwereti masangano Chokwadi, pane mapazi kure kumatunhu munyika. Asi kakawanda kushaiwei yekuzviriritira uye kuita chete hwokugadzira basa iri muunganidzwa magwaro. Chisarudzo chakaitwa ne hutungamiri muMoscow, izvo arege kuziva chaizvo yacho uye basa. mabhanga Large vanosarudza kudzivisa vatengi zvakaoma. Uye zvinenge zvose madiki zvinoda munhu kusvika. Regional pfungwa vakagadzirira yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora zvinhu bhizimisi uye kunogona kuva nzira mumunda rwezvemabhengi mabasa maduku uye svikiro kadikidiki mabhizimisi.

rutapudzo

On June 1, 2014 vakavhura 888 Banks Russia. Izvi zvinooneka asingasviki mu Germany (1,8 ths.) Uye US (vanopfuura 5.8 zviuru.). Padanho zvikwereti mabasa mu Russia - 0,6. Kureva munhu ane zvishoma pane chimwe chikwereti pfungwa munyika. Mune US, nhamba 2, uye muna EU - 1.8. Chimwe chinetso kana, kutaura zvazviri, zvakakurumbira nguva - zvose masangano makuru ndivo vehurumende. Sberbank, VTB (24), uye Gazprom Rosselhoz vanoshumira anopfuura 53,8% vemo. Mumakore 5 makore yawedzera zvinoshamisa uwandu zvikwereti pfungwa muMoscow: kubva 15.4% kusvika 22%. Somugumisiro, mabhizimisi kuti tigutse zvido masangano yemo vari hwomutambarakede chinzvimbo zvichienzaniswa masangano kuSiberia uye kuFar East.

mari

Kukura munhu remunharaunda samambure yacho kubhangi kunoita kuti upfumi kukura yacho. Izvi kunosimbiswa ezvinhu Russia. KuSiberia, mune 258 nemabhangi matavi kuMabvazuva, uye kunyange zvishoma - 118. Uye ichi pasinei nokuti zvikuru zvakare havasisipo mumakore 10 apfuura. Hapana mumwe dunhu anozvikudza nhamba dzakadaro. Aripo zvenharaunda budiriro nemabhangi dzinoiswa sezvo diki. Havagoni kupa sangano pamwe zvakakodzera kupfuma. Somugumisiro, pachiyero GDP munharaunda idzi kaviri zvishoma pane muMoscow. Uye vanhu vanogona kupa chete chiduku-siyana mabasa. Izvi runoratidzwa wongororo.

Regional Development Bank zvinofungidzirwa sezvo nhamba guta ine kunonyanyisa yakawanda zvikwereti. Somuenzaniso, muna Russia mune 140 masangano anogona kupa yeGmail.END_STRONG chikwereti ari uwandu bhiriyoni 1 rubles. Of 37 muzvikamu izvi dziri muMoscow, 6 - muSiberia (Tyumen, Novosibirsk) uye 3 - kuFar East. Somugumisiro, mabhizimisi vanomanikidzwa kure maruwa kushandisa nokuda kwezvikwereti kune hombe guta mamiriro, kana ari "Regional Development Bank".

Out mamiriro ezvinhu

Regional chikwereti masangano vanofanira kukudziridza. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira zvikuru Central Bank, capitalized sangano diki. Munogonawo kusika rudzi cherechedzo kuti zvichaita kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu ane algorithm zvakasiyana icho inoshandiswa guru hurongwa. Zvino chinokosha duku mabhanga rutsigiro matanho haisi yeUnited chechetere kana panguva Central Bank. Asi kana zviremera zvomunzvimbo kuteerera nyaya iyi, nhamba mabhanga kunyimwa marezinesi mudunhu iri shoma zvikuru. Asi kunyange kana kwakadaro uye varipo, havana achiperekedzwa guru zvinonyadzisa, kukurukura nyaya munhau kwaizotevera kutya. Mamiriro ezvinhu kwakaitika muna 2013, apo rezinesi chakarasikirwa remunharaunda kukura mabhanga. Deposits pamusoro makasitoma asi hamuna kudzokera nayo. In chete maviri apfuura, Central Bank kubvisa marezinesi ose 62 chikwereti masangano. Nhamba dzakadai iri anovhundutsa. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu haachinji, shure 5 makore rwezvemabhengi zvekutepfenyura achagara kutongwa hombe ehurumende-muridzi zvemari masangano.

mhedziso

Economic uye munzanga kwemashoko nharaunda hunobva pakugona kukwezva Entrepreneurs ane munharaunda mubhengi mari. In zvachose mune 888 Russian chikwereti masangano. Uye vakapararira munyika iri gogonera. Somugumisiro, Entrepreneurs kuSiberia uye kuFar East havagoni kushandisa zvinogoneka marudzi ose chikwereti nemasangano mabasa. Inovabatsira kuva kuenda chikuru mumaguta kana remunharaunda kukura mabhanga. Rating kuitwa muna 2014 kwakaratidza kuti huru kupfuura unyanzvi masangano maererano nokururama (Russia, MDM, AK Bars) vari kusimbiswa St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk uye Kazan.