Paanotarisa - kuchera indasitiri sayenzi uye ruzivo rwokugadzira

History panenge pachivakwa akatanga kare - 5 zviuru zvemakore akapfuura. Chii chiri - Ongororo angu nezvinonhuhwira zvangu panenge pachivakwa. Mashoko Foreign chokuita zvigadzirwa, zvamugere kazhinji chakangomuka German. Germany kwagara mutungamiri mumunda engineering. zvinhu zvakadaro zvakawanda chokuita siyana maindasitiri, vane mazita German.

Chii dzangu kuongorora

The Indasitiri wose chokuita migodhi, ongororo yangu anonzi. Shandurudzo chaiwo kubva rinoreva German "Muganhu Kuparadzaniswa" kana mezhevschik. Paanotarisa kunosanganisira kuziva miganhu kwazvo remigodhi deposits, asi vachiri mubasa chairo tsanangudzo dhipoziti nziyo, ayo chaiyo spatial chinzvimbo, kwokugamuchirwa kukura - zvose chokuita mberi Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kukura uye nokushanda dhipoziti. Pachivakwa anounganidza date zvose kubva zvakazosunungurwa kwerunyararo dzavo pfungwa, pakutaura uye graphical kumiririrwa pamusoro zvirongwa akambochera.

Chete yokuvhima yekare

Paanotarisa - mumwe mukuru mapazi nesayenzi uye ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu. Yokutanga mabasa angu ndeyemunguva IV-III emakore BC. Vanochengetwa mune dzimwe nyika nhasi, isu vaivawo Masvomhu uye magadzirirwo vanodhirowa kuti akazotevera kuitika. Vamwe Zvirongwa akaita zvimwe pemipumburu, kuti kuvhenekerwa - mvura yakanga mavara ebhuruu, jecha yeyero. Mune tsananguro manotsi kuti vanodhirowa akaratidza kuti vakanga pre geodetic zvokuyera. Uye kana geodesy atova I remakore wakaunganidza chiridzwa wayo wokutanga - diopter pamusoro iyo pashure Theodolite rakanga ramiswa, iri kuongorora anenge chete kugamuchirwa, asi akava yakazvimirira bazi chete kuMiddle Ages. With veMubatanidzwa migodhi nzvimbo, matambudziko matsva simuka, mabasa matsva zvakagadziriswa. angu kazhinji vaiva ne akawanda varidzi, uye miganhu pakati munzvimbo dzavo raifanira zvakajeka zvose pasi uye zvayo makadzika. Iri raiva musimboti nechirango itsva. Panguva iyoyowo, anofungidzirwa, pakanga yake zita - "Paanotarisa".

The kwaita kurangwa itsva

Anozviratidza siyana nyanzvi munyaya iyi chete, unyanzvi migodhi kuyerwa achidzidzisa vanotanga mune Ages kumayunivhesiti. Muzana XV remakore pane wokutanga zano nenyanzvi - gomo nekambasi. Kuwanda kuyerwa inodiwa tunnels mumigodhi uye yamabwe midziyo vachiwedzera dzose nguva, mazano ake akava yakagozha. For nomazvo chokupika basa rinodiwa nenyanzvi. Sezvo Masvomhu vave vachishanda kuti azopiwa vakawanda vanhu norudo dzenyika, mainjiniya vaifanira kuwana dzidzo yepamusorosoro mugodhi.

Russian zvangu kuongorora, kufanana mumigodhi yose yose indasitiri, akatambira zvikuru riwedzere kuti kukura pasi Peter I. Kuendeswa sepokutangira kuwana zvikoro German maindasitiri vakanga vaisanganisa ne zvakabudiswa mhizha Russian. MuRussia, zvakatanga kubudisa mabhuku kushandiswa dzesayenzi, akamisa Mumusangano nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi zvakarurama zviridzwa (mu wekishopu iri Russian Academy of Sciences akabudisa compasses, quadrants, astrolabes nzvimbo yakakwirira zvikuru yepamusoro), Mwana Africa, izvo zvibereko yepamusoro mainjiniya. Muzana XVIII remakore kuRussia akazarura rokutanga urongwa edzidzo (chikoro) kugadzirira chete vanachiremba pakuchera nevangu panenge pachivakwa. Uye vakuru vanorumbidza ari mugodhi uye metallurgia indasitiri pakati Urals vakarayirwa raanotaura "Factory Rules" pasi ndima VI, chokwadi kuti pambiru mukuru pachivakwa, kana mezhevschika, chete vanachiremba chemhando chechetere vakatorwa.

Ruvara National panenge pachivakwa

The vakawanda nzira kuongorora kuongorora yakatanga M. V. Lomonosov. Nokuti paumbwe uye kukura National kuongorora yangu aita zvikuru masayendisiti Russian akadai GA Maksimovic, munyori mabhuku, PA Olyshev, yakaitwa Russian Theodolite pamwe eccentric mutopota, G. A. Time, uyo akabudisa pamusoro kushandiswa Theodolite uye nekambasi inotungamirira mune yangu nyaya. Great munorumbidzirweiko V. I. Baumana, ari murongi maviri-Union Congress of vaiongorora Russian - muna 1913 uye 1921. Muna 1905, akabudisa basa "Nzira Paanotarisa ounyanzvi", uye muna 1921 kokutanga kuRussia (Petrograd Mining Institute), mumwe dzakagadzirirwa itsva, vakagadzirira-vaiongorora mainjiniya wakatangwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa dhigirii PM Lentovskogo, uyo akadzidza sainzi ichi muFrance uye Germany. On ake dzoka, yaakasimbisa wokutanga nyanzvi magazini yacho bhizimisi uye akasika pachivakwa munoenzanisa muchina.

Muna 1938, munyika Kharkov akavhura mufekitari kuti pagadzirwe chaiyo zvokushandisa, izvo vakasunungurwa panguva dzakasiyana Gyro M-1 uye kudzama DA-2.

Decent basa - vakadzikama mubairo

In tsarist Russia, kupupura injiniya kwagara asingaremekedzwi uye tsime akabhadhara. Ipatiev House inonzi mushure injiniya Ipatiev, wokupedzisira muridzi neimba. Royal Zvipikiri Munzeve mukuru azvipire anogona kuuya muumbozha musha uye kurarama zvakanaka. Munguva Soviet, kuti dzakagadzirirwa "injiniya-pachivakwa" havana chinhu makwikwi. Pamwe zvino chinhu zvichachinja nani.