Kukwanisa mbaravara ndangariro Info

Kuwanda kwemashoko anobatsira kuti tinogona kuchengeta mune zvemagetsi chimiro, zvichienderana nekugona imwe mudziyo. Very chinobatsira semaonero iyi maonero ndiko nokupenya ndangariro. Zvakakurukurwa mudziyo unoshandiswa, inowanzonzi raireva zvinokosha vhoriyamu uye duku chaiko kukura nhau.

Chii mbaravara kuyeuka?

Saka tinoti kuti semiconductor mabikirwo electrically reprogrammable ndangariro imwe mhando. Vanonzi hushande zvakakwana kubva muzvigadzirwa nemaonero, chisarudzo rokuvaka zvachose okuchengetera.

Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva mashoko okuti "nokupenya ndangariro" rinoshandiswa kureva boka paupamhi zvokufonongonwa ehurumende mano kuchengeta mashoko, akaita kushandisa unyanzvi. The kukosha zvakwakanakira zvakazoita kuti avo kushandiswa kwose kwose, muri:

1. Compactness.
2. Cheapness.
3. Zvokuimba simba.
4. vhoriyamu Large.
5. Speed.
6. Low simba rakawanda.

Nemhaka iyi yose nokupenya ndangariro anogona kuwanikwa dzakawanda inotakurika digitaalinen mano, uyewo dzinoverengeka nevezvenhau. Zvinosuruvarisa pane zvainovhiringidzawo akadai zvishoma nguva unyanzvi mudzimu mutakuri uye aikanganiswa electrostatic discharges. Asi chii vanokwanisa kuti nokupenya ndangariro? Kashoma kuti kukwanisa zvokufungidzira, asi edza. The kunonyanyisa Kukwanisa pamusoro nokupenya ndangariro anogona kusvika zvikuru sizes: saka, pasinei waro duku saizi, okuchengetera zvenhau 128 GB iripo kutengeswa ikozvino vanhu vashoma vachakwanisa kushamisika. Kwete kure nguva apo 1 TB achava zvishoma kufarira.

History chokusika

Precursors vaiona zvachose okuchengetera namano ayo vakadzima Via ultraviolet chiedza uye magetsi. Vaivawo ane transistor kuko kuti aiva akayangarara suwo. pano chete maerekitironi mariri Engineering chinozoiswa paakasika hombe yemagetsi munda kuchinyanya munhu mutete dielectric. Asi ichi zvikuru kwakawedzera wiring nharaunda hunomirirwa chizvaro zvinoriumba, kana zvakanga zvakafanira kusimbisa Ivan Kuchin munda simba.

Zvakanga zvakaoma kuti mainjiniya kugadzirisa dambudziko arambe achirema riri erasing matunhu. Muna 1984, yakanga vakabudirira chakagadziriswa, asi nekuda zvakafanana. pezvakaitwa kuti upenye mumwe zvigadzirwa zvitsva rinonzi "nokupenya" (mu Chirungu - "Flash").

musimboti oparesheni

Zvinonzi inobva kunyoresa uye kuchinja yemagetsi vebasa iri kwayo yoga nzvimbo imwe semiconductor mamiriro. azvaiitwa kuitika pakati kunobva uye gedhi hombe tichikwanisa voltage yemagetsi munda mu dzakaonda dielectric anoiswa kuna izvi zvakakwana kukonzera nomumugero maturo pakati muhomwe uye transistor chiteshi. Kusimbisa nayo, achishandisa zvishomanana kumhanyisa pamusoro maerekitironi, uye ipapo jekiseni inopisa vatakuri kunoitika. Kuverenga mashoko itungamirirwe munda kushanda transistor. Homwe izvozvo anoita gedhi chaitika. Its zvinogona anochinja chikumbaridzo transistor unhu yakanyorwa uye verenga matunhu. Magadzirirwo ane zvinhu izvo zvinokwanisika Implementation basa zhinji siyana emasero dzakadaro. Nokuda duku kukura zvikamu kugona nokupenya kuyeuka uye zviri chaizvo.

NOR- uye NAND-mano

Vari kusiyaniswa nzira, inova hwaro muchitokisi kwokubatana mugomba chete siyana, uyewo kuverenga uye kunyora algorithms. Kana magadzirirwo anobva chaiwo maviri-dimensional chizvaro pakati conductors, sezvamakaropafadzwa panguva mharadzano kuti mbiru uye Pamusara ane sero rimwe chete. Ndichifunda kondakita mitsetse chokuita kuti zvaimutambisira ari transistor, uye gedhi wechipiri vanobatana mbiru. Source kwakabatana kuna substrate, inova zvakajairika zvose. zvakagadzirwa Izvi zvinoita nyore kuverenga mamiriro chaiwo transistors, kupa simba akanaka kune imwe musara uye imwe mbiru.

Kumirira kuti NAND, fungidzira-dimensional matatu kuko. In kwayo hwaro - zvose zvakafanana chizvaro. Asi vanodarika transistor riri nechimwe mharadzano, uye wakaisirwa wose mbiru, chine masero akatevedzana-zvakabatana. zvakagadzirwa ichi ane yakawanda gedhi nematunhu chete mharadzano chete. Kana izvi zvinogona kuwedzera yekudyidzana (uye ichi kushandiswa) arambe achirema zvinoriumba. The marapirwo ndechokuti zvikuru yakaoma kurekodha algorithm kuwana uye verenga muchitokisi. Nokuti kana anobatsirwei nokukurumidza, uye kushaya - kufadza mashoko anokwanisa nokupenya ndangariro. For NAND Kukura - plus uye kubvisa - nokukurumidza.

SLC- uye MLC-mano

Kune namano kuti anogona kuchengeta munhu kana mamwe nhonga mashoko. Rokutanga mhando kungava maviri chete kwevari ane zvinoyangarara gedhi mutariri. Masero yakadaro inonzi mumwe-wedzeredzei. Mune dzimwe zvakawanda kwavari. multi-ikakuruma Sero anowanzotanga vaakadanawo multilevel. Ndivo, vasinganzwisisiki zvakakwana, akasiyana cheapness uye vhoriyamu (mu yakanaka mupfungwa), kunyange anononoka kupindura uye kutakura vashomanana rewrites.

Audio ndangariro

Sezvo MLC aiva pfungwa kunyora pasi mashoko analoginen chiratidzo kupinda muchitokisi. Pokushandisa mugumisiro yakawanikwa iri vakapiwa Chips kuti vari kuita zviduku playback ruzha zvimedu mu zvakachipa zvigadzirwa (matoyi Somuenzaniso, ruzha makadhi uye zvinhu zvakafanana).

kwesayenzi zvausingakwanisi

kutsikisa uye kuverenga pezvakaitwa vakasiyana nesimba rakawanda. Saka, wokutanga chimiro vane mukuru voltage. Panguva iyoyowo pakuverenga mutengo simba iwayo diki.

upfumi zvinyorwa

Kana kuchinjai vaunganidza mutariri kusingarapiki kuchinja mamiriro. Saka, zvinobvira uwandu vakanyoresa kuti sero ishoma. Zvichienderana kuyeuka uye muitiro mudziyo anogona kurarama mazana ezviuru zvinogara (kunyange zvazvo pane zvimwe vamiririri kuti murege kusimudzira kusvika 1000).

The multi-ikakuruma mano munhu akavimbisa upenyu basa rakanyatsojeka yakaderera sezvo zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando sangano. Asi nei kune chaizvo huchashandiswa kudzikisirana? Chokwadi kuti haugoni somunhu kudzora mhosva, iro rine zvinoyangarara gedhi muchitokisi chimwe nechimwe. Mushure kutsikisa uye erasing anoitwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvose. Quality kuzvidzora rinoitwa maererano avhareji ukoshi kana bhuku sero. Nokufamba kwenguva, pane mismatch, nokuchengeta anogona kudarika muganhu bvumidzwa, ipapo ruzivo anova unreadable. Uyezve, zvinhu ratowedzera.

Chimwe chikonzero ndiyo interdiffusion pamusoro conductive uye insulating kumatunhu ari semiconductor mamiriro. Saka simuka nguva nenguva dzemagetsi breakdowns, iyo inosvitsa munhu blurring miganhu, uye nokupenya ndangariro kadhi dzakabvarurwa.

Data chengetedzo

Sezvo kuputira muhomwe kukwana, ipapo zvishoma nezvishoma mhosva nounzenza. Kazhinji nguva kuti anogona kuchengeta mashoko - anenge 10-20 makore. mamiriro chaiwo kwezvakatipoteredza kukanganisa kuchengetera nguva. Somuenzaniso, mukuru tembiricha, wegamma nemwaranzi kana mukuru-simba nezvimedu anogona kukurumidza kuparadza mashoko ose. Ndiani zvemberi mapatani kuti anozvikudza kuti vane guru mashoko inokwana nokupenya ndangariro, vane utera. Vane zvishoma pasherefu upenyu pane mudziyo nechekare refu-makasimbiswa uye akaruramisa, izvo haisi wakaisvonaka-zvirire.

mhedziso

Pasinei nematambudziko vanozivikanwa panoperera nyaya, nokupenya kuyeuka zvemichina unoshanda chaizvo, zvokuti kwakapararira. Uye ayo zvakwakanakira kupfuura pechifukidziro zvikanganiso. Saka, mashoko anokwanisa nokupenya ndangariro yazova chaizvo uye yakakurumbira kumba midziyo yemagetsi.