Astrakhan: zvinotyisa kuti munokosha achiona, Tours guta

Kunyange zvazvo nhoroondo Astrakhan ine nemidzi ari makore anosundwa kwenguva, guta, iro rinozivikanwa nhasi, rakaumbwa muna 1558. Panguva imwe nguva yaiva mutaundi duku, uyo aiva nhengo Kazan uye Astrakhan Khanate. Kana kwete zvinodikamwa Russian hwacho kuti vawedzere zivo yavo kuti Middle uye Lower Volga, kuti vawane kweGungwa reCaspian, nhoroondo nharaunda yaigona mune yakasiyana zvachose Muchiitiko.

Nhasi muguta Astrakhan, zvinokwezva zviri zvakakwana vakachengetedzwa kwemakore 450, ndiwo vafambi zvisingashamisi rayo UKURU uye runako.

History reguta

Nhoroondo Russian kweguta vakatanga pashure muna 1552 mushure kukombwa Kazan vakaurawa. Izvi rakanamwa njodzi yacho Kazan Khanate hachisisina simba munharaunda. Astrakhan rakatorwa muna 1556, izvo zvaireva pakuguma accession kuMiddle uye Lower Volga mudunhu Russia.

Nokuti kare nzvimbo muguta rakanga kubudirira, sezvo yaiva pachena inowanzorimwa kubva kumativi ose, kwakasarudzwa kuvaka nzvimbo itsva kuruboshwe kumahombekombe Volga River pamusoro zvakakwirira, inova dzinongoitika kudzivirirwa vachirwisa.

Pakutanga, guta idzva yakavakwa huni uye ane undotenga runodzivirira kudzivirira, asi sezvo Ivan Grozny aifarira yakasimba panhare pamusoro nzvimbo iyi, ipapo nepaunogona napo pano zvagadzwapo - vanhu, mari uye zvinhu.

Chikonzero kurwiswa yaiva Crimean Turkish mauto muna 1569, yakanga unonyangadzwa, asi akaratidza kukosha Astrakhan. Rokuvaka ibwe idzva Kremlin chakaratidza kutanga kuvakwa wenhare, iyo rinosanganisa zvaidiwa Orthodox munzanga dzose dzavo kusiyana vemarudzi dzaiuya pano kubva chinokosha Russia.

Kuvakwa ibwe Kremlin masvingo yakapedzwa muna 1589, uye kuvakwa shongwe dzokugara rakapedzwa pakutanga pamusoro XVII remakore. Nhare zvachose yaiva neshongwe sere, vatatu vaiva napo muguta chemumigwagwa siyana.

Pakukora masvingo uye simba vakakatyamara vose vanopinda muguta. Astrakhan, apo zvisakamboonekwa uye tanga Kremlin nhasi, akachengeta vakawanda zviitiko nguva. Zvinokonzera Kremlin masvingo dziri panguva inokosha nguva nemamiriro - iri zvombo kuti gunpowder yakavanda, yemamongi, seshongwe yeko kwamachinda nekereke.

Nechekare rokutanga yezana XVII remakore, Astrakhan raiva guta guru rine kukura vakawanda, tsime kunyatsobudirira wezvokutengeserana uye ounyanzvi.

Kremlin

Zvakatanga shure apo Ivan vanotyisa pakati Kremlin ivakwe rakapedzwa munguva yokutonga chevaux Fedor Ivanovich Panguva Troubles.

Wall kukwirira kubva matatu kusvika 9,5 metres uye anosvika matatu metres gobvu vakanga kudzivirira yakanaka pamusoro encroachments of Crimean Khanate uye Turkish wokuwanazve ndima. The huru pasuo reguta vaiva pasuwo Prechistenskie, riri pedyo chirefu kupfuura chivako panguva yaiva - neshongwe bhero, zvinosanganisira 4 storeys.

Dangwe akachengetedzwa Building Kremlin nguva Zhitnyaya shongwe riri kurutivi rwezasi. Kamwe pachivanze muzvivako yake iri pamusoro kuunganidza kana okukomba kweguta.

Kupfuura simba uye yakavimbika akanga akavakirirwa neshongwe, yakabudiswa muna Crimean Way uye akagamuchira zita chete. Vachirwisa neDare Crimean Tatars vakanga kakawanda, asi nguva dzose avasimbise kudzivisa.

Mukati Kremlin ane vakawanda vemauto, vehurumende uye zvechitendero zvivako iyoyo, zvakadai Cathedral of kubvuma.

chechi

At nzvimbo Cathedral, iyo inogona akashanyira nhasi, isu taimbova mumachechi maviri, rimwe riri chakasakara, sezvo akanga repuranga, uye wechipiri vakava hakukuringani kukura nokukurumidza guta.

Yakavakwa muna 1710, ari Cathedral itsva Astrakhan ari Nyanzvi chaiye mavakirwo nguva. Cathedral ine 2-tiers panzvimbo dzapasi akagadzirisa kumakuva. Vakanga vakavigwa madzimambo Georgian Vakhtang rechitanhatu Teimuraz II uye Metropolitan pakati Astrakhan Iosif Svyaschennomuchenik uye dzimwe nhengo dzechechi vakuru.

Yokumusoro Chikamu Church - hazvina wakapamhama uye uzere nechiedza temberi tiers maviri mahwindo. Kana, muna 1702, haana kunyura kuva zvivako, ari Cathedral of kubvuma nhasi vaizova mumwe ainge akamonererwa guru. Nokuda chiitiko ichi, unyanzvi mapurani wakakombwa Mineev Dorofei zvakachinja kwokutanga kuronga uye rakadzikwa 5 domes, iyo zvino vachiyemura vashanyi muguta uye vemo.

Akazvitsaurira chechi ezasi yakaitwa 1707, apo kumusoro ndiye chiitiko chakaitika chete pashure kuvakwa muna 1710.

Kuva mukuru Cathedral weguta emakore akawanda, izvozvo payakarovera zvikuru panguva paumbwe simba yeSoviet. Chete muna 1992 akatamisirwako shure muchechi, uye basa rakatanga musi kudzorerwa kwaro. Nhasi, ndicho ano Church, kumira pamberi peungano yose zvayo pristine runako.

mabhishopi remubatanidzwa

Vazhinji akachengetedzwa Zvivako vanozvikudza nhasi muguta Astrakhan. Attractions, kufambidzana shure panguva kuvaka Kremlin, "akararama" kusvikira panguva ino, kwete zvose, asi muchivanze Bishop ndiro imwe Kunze inofadza.

Remubatanidzwa iri zasi nokufungidzira Cathedral pakutanga XVII remakore painyanya chete mumba nabhishopi. By 1677 akanga avaka pedyo izvi ibwe makamuri, uye muna 1709 pane wedzera-munyika itsva, zvinosanganisira zita Cross Church weMuponesi wedu.

Mushure imba nabhishopi payakarovera nomoto mukupera XVIII remakore, ndikavakira panhurikidzwa yechitatu, uye XIX remakore mumwe. chivanze Bishop somumwe zvivako mukuru muguta riri pachikwata kuti vavakezve, urongwa izvo zvose Papera wedzera-Ons zvichabviswa kudzorera chepakuvamba chitarisiko meimba.

Cyril chapero

Chimwe chiratidzo kare ndiyo chapero Cyril kuti, iri mumugwagwa. Trediakovsky 2 (Russia, Astrakhan). Chikonzero chacho kuvaka waiva chishamiso kwakaratidzwa mukupera Rector Mutsvene Trinity wemamonk.

Cyril akafa muna 1576 uye akavigwa wemamongi, uye remuti chapero diki yakavakwa pamusoro peguva. It yakavakwa zvaipesana dzakafuridzirwa mitemo Orthodox, sezvo nomukova hazvina kumavirira uye kumabvazuva.

Zvisaririra zviri abbot pakati wemamongi wokutanga akaramba mukati mamasvingo ayo kusvikira 1677, asi muonekwe wake uye navaranda vake, vatongi mufananidzo apo mukuru Cyril akamira pabhokisi uye yakavhenekera murazvo muchinjikwa, Astrakhan vakaponeswa kubva mumoto.

In kukudzwa abbot zviratidzo zvisaririra vakanga reburied pedyo wemamongi, uye pamusoro pawo shongwe ibwe chapero ose akafuridzirwa mitemo. Zvazvakadaro, iye akasangana vashanyi uye vanamati nhasi.

guta chena

Kare, kumatunhu Astrakhan kuti akaumbwa kuti masvingo Kremlin uye vaiva vashoma wakadyarwa.

In nezvivakwa dzinogarwa 1631 uye raanoziva yabuda kumabvazuva wakakombwa pachikomo, akanga takapoteredzwa rusvingo simba, uye pakuzivikanwa se White City. Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yacho yakanga kaviri Kremlin, zvakanga zvisina kukwana vanotama zvose kubva Central Russia, saka kwavari, yokugara idzva rinonzi guta yevhu. The zita riri nokuti kuti idzva mumatunhu akavaka kunhivi imwe muhari runodzivirira pamwe emapuranga masvingo.

Unhu of White City muna Astrakhan ano ane muenzaniso zvakafanana mune kure XVII remakore. Pakati hwakawanda huripo zvivako nzvimbo zvichengetedzwe Demidov chivanze uye tende neshongwe, chete chiyeuchidzo Mutsvene Kuchinja wemamonk. Uyewo kufarira zvivako akazotevera, dzakadai dzimba vatengesi kubva East uye mosques.

Kuwedzera yakare chikamu guta Astrakhan zvinokwezva inovakwa pave paya, asi kuva inokosha mapurani Ensemble panzvimbo ino.

bvunzandibvume Theater

Kunyange zvazvo Astrakhan chidzoyi Theater runoonekwa kuti nheyo muna 1986, musha chaiwo kubva vemifananidzo vavo vaduku vakokwa vakauya pashure kutamira aimbova yavatezvara zvomutengesi Bashkina muna 1991

Vaviri-storey mushambadzi kuvaka chaiko kune pakutanga XIX remakore, atenga muna 1889 maererano achitengesa Grigoriev uye rinovakwazve. Modern Kutarira anowanikwa chete muna 1910, pashure dzakawanda kuwedzererwa. Vasati 1917, zvakanga dzichengeterwe nemabhengi zvitoro zvinodhura.

chivakwa Anoshamisa, vakaidzwa gadziridzo pakutanga 90-ies pamusoro XX remakore, vakava yakakodzera kuratidza chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba. Pakuvaka chidzoyi yemitambo iri mazita mapurani Monuments of batana kukosha.

The shongwe Gabdulla Tukai

Vanhu nyanduri Gabdulla Tukai ndiye muvambi wesangano klassiske wechiTatar mabhuku.

Tukai akaberekerwa Kazan muna 1886, musi April 26 uye akafira ikoko kubva chirwere muna 1913, April 15, vasati kusvika dvadtsatisemiletiya yavo. Tatar vanhu Gabdulla akaziva ari mudziviriri kumeso yavamanikidzi. Mudetembi akatora chikamu mune echimurenga fambisa 1905, kubudisa pepanhau, iyo inobudiswa ake anoratidza ndima, aifamba chaizvo, aiva Astrakhan, St. Petersburg, Ufa nemamwe maguta Russia.

In upenyu hwayo pfupi andisiya hombe chavangayeukwa Tukai muna wechiTatar mabhuku. Pakuyeuka kushanya nyanduri guru Astrakhan mune yaimbova wechiTatar sabhabha shongwe Gabdulla Tukai akanga asina kufukidzwa muna 2013

Saizvozvo rikaporeswa kuyeuka murume vakabatana vanhuwo vemarudzi siyana vari vanhuwo rinondinetsa rusununguko rwavo uye chiremera.

Attractions kunze Astrakhan

Kwete chete nokuda kwezvivako zvayo nhoroondo inozivikanwa Astrakhan. Reviews vanoti pamusoro akasiyana kukwezvana, riri 130? Km kubva muguta. Pano, muna 1965, takatanga Zvakafukunurwa kuti kwakaratidza kuti nyika guru Golden Horde, Batu yakavakwa pakati XIII remakore.

"Sarai-Batu" kwava pachena mhepo miziyamu nokuti filmed "The Horde" (2011), pashure idzo paiva Kushongedzwa sezvo pedyo nhoroondo ichikosha Yechinwiwa Horde.

Nhasi ndiro yakazvimirira Museum, izvo zvibereko zvimwe zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo guru rekare.

Astrakhan hove

No zvishoma uchikwezvwa iri hove Astrakhan. The guta kwagara wakakurumbira senzvimbo ine dzakabudirira hove indasitiri.

Sezvo July uye kuguma October munharaunda iyi kuuya vanoda hove, zvakanaka nzvimbo uye kutandara zvivako nokuda Astrakhan ichi zvikuru. Musi Volga vehove vakamirira mukuru hove pamusoro kabhu, Catfish, whitefish uye knot. Hove zvokuti hove siya kunyange beginners.

yegore ushanyi

Nemhaka iyi zvizhinji hove Astrakhan - zvinobatsira toerisme maindasitiri, akazarura mutsva kutandara muzinda munzvimbo navakanaka dzichiruma. Astrakhan chando hapana havanyanyi kukwezva kupfuura dzemazororo yezhizha.

Akapiwa chokwadi kuti vose mumahotera uye plesieroorde panguva chando mwaka uri isingadhuri, vanoda chando hove uye zvemitambo muchando vanosarudza kuuya panguva ino.