Mudetembi Yan Raynis: Biography, inobudisa rokusika, zvinonakidza zvinhu

Yan Raynis - anozivikanwa nyanduri wokuLatvia, anokudzwa munyori, anofunga uye wezvematongerwe enyika, izvo aiva zvikuru kwakabatsira paumbwe tsika uye zvitupa vanhu venyika yavo munguva paumbwe kwayo rusununguko.

udiki

Janis Pliekshans (zita munyori, ikapiwa kwaari pakuzvarwa) akaberekerwa September 11, 1865 mu munda Tadenava - kupfuura kure pakona Latvia, iri Courland. The pedyo nemagariro muzinda kunyika iri guta shopkeepers, navapfuri vesimbi, vavezi - Dinaburg (Daugavpils). Mukomana vakadzidza vachengete nechisikirwo; achiri muduku Zvakaitika chakanakisisa akarangarira zhizha, akanaka mitema minda uye mvura yebhuruu, dzinopoterera makwara dondo uye zuva, simba zvakanaka uye ichiri akanzwa yemunyori nhetembo. By pfuma yevanhu okugadzira zvinhu romunyori ramangwana kubatana mai vake, Darth Pliekshane, akangwara mukadzi uye basa. Iye vakaimba chaizvo, uye Yan Raynis akakwanisa kunyora vakawanda zvavo nziyo.

Baba John akanga chaizvo murume akapfuma - mumwe murimi mudiki uyo akakwanisa vakazvimiririra kuzadzisa yakatsiga mamiriro ezvemari uye akapa dzidzo chaizvo mwana wako. Kubvira vachiri vaduku mukomana aitsetsenura Russian uye German, akazodzidza Latin uye French. On pedyo kuziva pamwe Biography pamusoro Janis zvinova pachena kuti nyanduri akataura achinyatsogona muna Lithuanian, Belarusian, chiPolish uye wokuItaly.

makore chikoro

Sezvo 1880 Raynis Yan akaenda kudzidza panguva Riga City chikoro, ipapo "rikamunya muchindwi" girenayiti wesayenzi pana St. Petersburg University iri rorusununguko mutemo. Maererano Yang, wepamutemo basa akasarudza, nekuti aida kuva pachake muupenyu ehurumende, achiishandura zviri nani. Panguva ino akaverenga zvikuru; Ndivo mabasa evanyori yekare (Aeschylus, Sophocles, Homer, Herodotus, Plutarch) nevanyori ano (Shakespeare, Byron, Lermontov, Shelley, Heine, Pushkin). Parallel rinoshandurwa mabasa makuru enyika Classics.

Maiva muna St. Petersburg, paucheche Nyanduri echimurenga akanga apika mhiko kuti proletariat uye rokupedzisira chaizvo zuva akashumira zvaanofarira.

journalistic mabasa

Pamusoro kupera, Yan Raynis, ane Biography inyaya zvikuru kuzvikudza nokuda vomunyika yake, akatora basa iri dzakagadzirirwa: kutanga Vilnius, ipapo muBerlin, Panevezys, Jelgava. Pashure achidzivirira dissertation yake muna 1891, akava anoda kubhabhatidzwa sayenzi zvemitemo, asi kumbonyanya nyore akaonekana navo kuti aizobudirira mubasa rake somunhu gweta. Panguva iyoyowo Yan Raynis zvinonyatsoda zvematongerwo enyika, Aifarira mabhuku basa, paakasvika pepanhau "Dienas Lapa", maererano nezvido pedyo zvemagariro democratic mweya. makore Nyaya vaiva zvibereko kupfuura nguva journalistic basa Yana Raynisa. Mudetembi akanyora nhetembo, ongororo, wongororo nyaya enyika uye polemical, yava imwe chakanakisisa uye akakurumbira venhau munyika yake.

In nhapwa

Nyanduri Rainis Yang, ane Biography ari kufarira kwechokwadi kunosanganisira nevaverengi, achishingaira vakakurwirai echimurenga pfungwa, nokuti chii kakawanda ari mujeri. Kokutanga akanga ari mujeri muna 1897. Muna 1899, mudetembi akaendeswa kuutapwa 5 makore Vyatka mudunhu - mumwe nzvimbo nhapwa political, yaizivikanwa zvisingaperi anezvimiti uye safambika masango batana. Zvakanga ipapo, ari amachinda Russian taundi dzokubikira basa romudzimu Rainis rakabudiswa muunganidzwa wake nhetembo "The Zvisaririra zvitema usiku kure" (1903) chokutanga, zvakajeka unhu ayo rwendo zvinoyevedza uye pakunamata kweanenge makore 20.

Pavakadzoka kumba Rainis akapedza makore maviri zvikuru zvibereko zvoupenyu. Pakazosvika nguva mudetembi akaroorwa mudetembi yakakurumbira Aspasia, aiva nemakore 38 okuberekwa, uye akanga zvakazara mubasa evanhu basa uye mabasa okusika. Yang akazviratidza vakawanda panguva Misangano mikuru uye misangano, akatora Zvinoshingaira muna Congress of weLatvia vadzidzisi collaborated pamwe Social Democrats, kuMoscow senhume. Vachifara uye mufaro mudetembi pavakatambudzwa yaifamba 1905, iyo akatora zvakananga chikamu.

Rinonyatsooneka Kuitwa iyi yaiva huru ndima mutambo "Moto uye Night" - basa guru wokuLatvia mutambo.

Biography uye munyori bhuku

Raynis Yan wake pashure pokukundwa ari kumukira nezvombo iye vachienda Switzerland, kwaaigara kwemakore 15. Kuti ichi nyika mudetembi akadana musha wake wechipiri. Pano nyika akaona mabasa akadai munyori se "Kuguma uye Kutanga", "Akanyarara Book", "New Force", "Avo usakanganwa", "Daugava", "Ridzai, Wind", "Moto Night", "Joseph nehama dzake "," bhiza Golden ". Plays uye nhetembo Raina akava mienzaniso yakanakisisa nhetembo muna Latvia, kare aipfeka hunhu yechipiri uye kutevedza mabhuku German.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Pavakadzoka kare kuzvimirira Latvia, apo iye nomudzimai wake, zviuru zvevanhu akakwazisa sezvo magamba enyika, Yan Raynis akanyora njodzi "Ilya Muromets" uye akabva zvakabudisa bhuku nhetembo "Sketchbooks Vashanu Dagda." Tapedza okupedzisira 9 makore ake upenyu Riga, mudetembi akatora Zvinoshingaira muupenyu enyika, iye akasarudzwa kuti Constituent Panounganira Latvia, zvakanga mumwe vanyori reMitemo munyika uye kunyange muchirongwa vemutungamiri nhangemutange, chakarasika. Kubva 1921 kusvika 1925 yaaishandira sezvo mutungamiriri Moscow Art Theater. A dzakawanda pachikuva mabasa akange kusvitsa ne National Theater paitonga Rainis. Kubva 1926 kusvika 1928, Yan Raynis akashanda se Minister of Education, uye muna 1925 vakagamuchira chepamusorosoro mubayiro munyika - murayiro Three Stars 1 dhigirii.

Upenyu nyanduri wokuLatvia ikaputsanya Jurmala, 12 September 1929. Yan Raynis akasiya pakarepo, vachisiya zvakachengetedzwa zvinhu kwerinopfuura zana nezvidimbu konekwa. Kuvigwa nyika yakakurumbira munyori ari New Cemetery, yainzi pashure pake. Muna 1943, Jan akavigwa parutivi wake, Aspasia.

Plays Yana Raynisa wakaiswa pamusoro nzendo dzemitambo kwete chete wokuLatvia, asiwo nyika yose, uye nhetembo yake, rakabudiswa muna shanduro itsva, anotora mamiriyoni vaverengi.