The ehupfumi of magineti uye simba remagineti simba

To nezvenyaya iyi, sezvinoita magineti, zvose kare wakajaira. Hatidi kuona mairi chinhu chinokosha. We kufambidzana nazvo zvatinosiita wefizikisi chidzidzo kana kuratidzwa kuti zvivako zviri magineti anonyengera kuti vanoenda kukireshi. Uye kashoma kuti mumwe munhu anofunga sezvo magnets a tichigara muupenyu. In ose mufurati pane yakawanda. Magnet mudziyo chipo mumwe mutauri, tepi, dzemagetsi shavers, maawa. Kunyange mabhanga zvipikiri haisi.

Asi?

Isu - vanhu - kwete kunze. Pamusana kuitika mumuviri Biotok yakatipoteredza pane muenzaniso chisingaoneki kwayo munda mitsetse. Huge magineti ndiyo nyika. A zvikuru chinzvimbo - yeplasma bhora kwezuva. Havanzwisisiki kuti pfungwa dzevanhu kukura emapoka uye nebulae kashoma kubvuma pfungwa yokuti zvose izvi - uyewo magnets a.

sayenzi yemazuva kunoda kusikwa hombe uye super-simba magnets a itsva, kushandisa izvo ukama Fusion zvenyukireya, chizvarwa Magetsi, kumhanyisa mu synchrotrons mhosva nezvimedu, vachisimudza mungarava midziyo. Kuumba superstrong munda uchishandisa rinobva ehupfumi ari magineti - mumwe zvinetso wefizikisi ano.

kujekesa pfungwa

A remagineti ndiro rinoita kuita pamusoro muviri une mutariri, vari kufamba. Zvinonzi "kwete kushanda" pamwe pazvinhu (kana isina mutariri) uye anoshumira rudzi remagetsi hwuripo iripo sezvo mamwemazwi pfungwa.

Kana muviri anogona kuumba kumativi pacharwo remagineti pachavo uye kunzwa simba rayo kwechirwere, dzinonzi magnets a. Kureva, mashoko zvinhu - vari magnetized (nhaka runoenzanirana nguva).

zvinhu zvakasiyana tinoita zvakasiyana kwokunze munda. Nyadza zvainoita mukati inonzi paramagnetic, muedzo - diamagnetic. Zvimwe zvinhu vachikwanisa kusimbisa chiuru iri kwokunze remagineti. Izvi - ferromagnetic zvinhu (cobalt, nickel, simbi, gadolinium, uye alloys uye yeimwe ose akati simbi). Avo akawira pasi pokudzora simba chokunze minda pachavo wana rinobva ehupfumi, anonzi magnetically. Zvimwe, inokwanisa kuita sezvinoita magineti pasi zvakananga simba dzesango, uye kwaguma kuna Kutsakatika ake - magnetically.

A zvishoma nhoroondo

Kudzidza zvachose magineti zvivako zvevanhu nemumwe chaizvo, refu chaizvo nguva. Taura navo murugwaro nyanzvi Greece yekare vachiri 600 makore asati munhambo yedu. Natural (rwokuzvarwa mavambo) anogona kuziva magnets a mu rinobva mhangura deposits. The kupfuura inozivikanwa makurusa rwokuzvarwa magnets a anochengeterwa University of Tartu. It anoyera 13 makirogiramu uye kurema kuti inogona akasimudza nokubatsirwa ake - makirogiramu 40.

Vanhu akadzidza kusika chakagadzirwa magnets a, kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana ferromagnetic zvinhu. Ukoshi upfu (cobalt, simbi, uye zvichingodaro. P.) Ko kukwanisa kubata uremu anopfuura 5000 nguva yayo uremu. Chakagadzirwa zviitiko zvinogona kuramba (vakawana kubva rinobva zvinhu) kana electromagnets kuva panozogadzirika ane zvinhu - nyoro simbi. voltage munda umo unovapo nokuda kwemutemo Magetsi kuburikidza waya windings iyo vakakomba core.

Bhuku rokutanga zvakakomba ane kuedza anotsvakurudza ehupfumi ane magineti - basa London chiremba Hilbert, rakabudiswa muna 1600. Basa iri rine raora ari anowanika mashoko panguva pamusoro remagineti uye magetsi, uyewo yemunyori kuedza.

Mumwe aripo mananara munhu ari kuedza kuchinja upenyu hunobatsira. Chokwadi, magineti hakusi kurwadziwa.

How kushandisa magnets a

Chii vari ehupfumi ari magineti revanhu ava vakagamuchirwa? Makuriro zviri zvokuti rakafara kuti tiri kukwanisa muchidimbu chete bata huru, iyo inozivikanwa zvikuru mano uye mafomu ichi chinhu chinoshamisa.

Kambasi zvose anozivikanwa mudziyo nokuda Pakusarudza mamiriro enzvimbo munzvimbo. Pamusana kwaari, kugadzira nzira ndege, zvikepe, pasi chokufambisa, achifamba zvinangwa. mano izvi zvingava rinobva (dhayira mhando) chinoshandiswa revashanyi vaiongorora kana vasiri rinobva (redhiyo uye gidrokompasy).

The compasses wokutanga kubva dzinongoitika magnets a vakanga kugadzirwa ari XI remakore uye yaishandiswa wekushandisa. Ivo inobva chiito yavo vakasununguka kutenderera ari chinjikira mundege imwe refu tsono ane simba rinonzi magnetic zvokunyama, pakati nepakati pamusoro akabatana. Mumwe kuguma kwayo nguva dzose paanoputsikirwa rwezasi, mumwe - kuchamhembe. Ukadaro unogona nguva dzose kuona chaizvoizvo huru mirayiridzo panyaya mufundisi.

Huru munzvimbo

Dzine magineti ehupfumi awana chikuru kushandiswa - redhiyo uye magetsi, zvishandiso, Automatic uye Remote Control. Of ferromagnetic zvinhu vari relays, rinobva, uye zvichingodaro. N. Muna 1820 zvakanzi yakawanikwa kondakita pfuma pamwe magetsi basa museve waJehovha magineti, kumanikidza kwake kutendeukira. Panguva imwe cheteyo, zvakaita mumwe kuwanikwa - peya inofambirana conductors kuburikidza izvo kuitika inoyerera rimwe divi, vane zvinhu kukwezvana.

Nokuda kubvuma ichi chakaitwa nokuda ehupfumi ari magineti. All izvi zviitiko kuitika nokuda dzenzvimbo, kusanganisira achiparadzira mukati rinobva zvinhu. pfungwa Modern sayenzi akafanana ne kubvuma ichi.

On injini uye emagetsi

Anoritsanangura akasika mhando dzakawanda dzemagetsi Motors uye emagetsi, i.e. munhu muhombe mhando michina, ane oparesheni hwakavakirwa Kushandurwa zvokuimba simba kupinda zvemagetsi simba (tiri kutaura pamusoro emagetsi) kana magetsi mu zvemaziso (nokuti injini). Chero jenareta anoshanda panheyo remagetsi induction, kureva EMF (electromotive simba) rinowanikwa muna waya iyo zvinofamba nenzira remagineti,. Injini anoshanda inobva Chiitiko kuti panowanikwa simba iri waya pamwe uno, akaisa mune transverse munda.

Achishandisa simba nekuita pamwechete nomunda ano iyo inopfuura nomunyika windings ari zvinofamba zvikamu anoshanda mano raireva magnetoelectric. Sezvo itsva simba rakatumbuka-ano injini rine windings maviri anoita induction simba mita. Zvayaiva pakati conductive ichitenderera ngarurege iri pachena kuti Kutenderera torque, simba iri Proportional kuti simba rakawanda.

Uye muupenyu hwezuva nezuva?

Zvaaishandisa ane vakasiyana bhatiri dzemagetsi dzokurinda vakajaira zvose. mudziyo wavo nokushandisa peya magnets a, peya inductors uye transistor zviri nyore ari nhamba zvinhu zvinowanikwa kupfuura zvemaziso pakurinda.

More zvikuru kushandiswa chiri akagadzirwa remagetsi mhando kana dzevhudzi vari humburumbira dzevhudzi izvo Anopiwa rinobva okunze. Vakafanana anokosha uye zvechizarira chinhu romutemo yakatarwa. Kana jekiseni muimba tsime yakarurama inokosha Pazvibato zvechizarira kupinda nzvimbo akakwezva dzomunyika zvinoumba munhu rinobva zvechizarira unokubvumira kurivhura.

Zvichienderana Zvakaitwa magineti mudziyo uye galvanometer dynamometers (mukuru aikanganiswa pamusoro mudziyo iro kunoyerwa simba dzenzvimbo). The ehupfumi zviri magineti zvaishandiswa pakugadzira abrasives. Saka ndizvo unopinza uye vashomashoma nezvimedu zvikukutu, izvo zvinodiwa machine (kukuya, makorari, nokutorera), akasiyana-siyana zvinhu uye zvinhu. In pagadzirwe zvandinenge iri musanganiswa ferrosilicon pamwe rinopedza pasi mevira pamwe midzi mune hasha sezvamunoita. Kuti arubvise ipapo, uye magnets a zvinodiwa.

Science uye kutaurirana

Nokuda simba rinonzi magnetic ehupfumi nezvinhu sayenzi inogona kudzidza sechivako siyana miviri. Ndinogona chete taura magnetochemistry kana rinobva pachiri (kuremadza vasabatwa nzira nokuongorora remagineti kusarurama zvigadzirwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo).

Uye shandisa navo kugadzirwa unyanzvi ultrahigh kakawanda chikuva, redhiyo hurongwa kubatana (zvechiuto uye zvokutengeserana mitsetse), panguva kupisa kurapwa sezvo mumba, uye yaigadzira zvokudya zvinogadzirwa (zvose kujairana microwaves). Zvisingaiti mune imwe nyaya kunyora zvose zvakaoma hwokugadzira uye namano mafomu, dzinoshandiswa mazuva ano rinobva ehupfumi kuti zvinhu.

denderedzwa zvokurapa

Ndaiva asingasiyi uye kukura kwebasa Diagnostics nokurapwa. Kuburikidza X-ray nemwaranzi urwu Erekitironi Linear accelerators akaita bundu kurapa, mune cyclotrons uye synchrotrons vanowanika hwepurotoni matanda rine zvakanakira pamusoro x-mwaranzi vari munharaunda wezwi ikawanda efficacy pakurapa ziso uye pfungwa anomera.

Panyaya chaivo nesayenzi, zvichiri kusvikira pakati pezana remakore yokupedzisira mashandiro anoita muviri upenyu havasi chokuita nokuvapo rinobva minda. mabhuku Scientific kashoma kukasawedzerwa nguva dziri kure mishumo mumwe kana mumwe wavo utano migumisiro. Asi sezvo sixties aval hoyerera chinyorwa pamusoro zvipenyu ehupfumi ari magineti.

Kare Ikako uye Zvino

Zvisinei, kuedza kubata vanhu vakanga kwakaitwa masayendisiti ari XVI remakore. It akanyora kuedza zhinji vakabudirira kurapa ndichinzwa zino, huta zvirwere, kushaya hope, uye vazhinji zvomukati matambudziko. Kunenge kuti kushandisa kwainoita magnesium mune zvokurapa kuwana nzira pashure kupfuura wekushandisa.

Yokupedzisira hafu-remakore zvinonzi nevakawanda kushandiswa rinobva zvamaoko, akakurumbira pakati varwere havachanyatsogoni BP. Masayendisiti zvakakomba kutenda kukwanisa kuwedzera kurwisa vanhu magineti womunhu muviri. Achibatsirwa remagetsi mano vakadzidza kuyera kumhanya ropa kuyerera, kana kutora mimwe mishonga raitongwa achida capsules.

Magnet kubviswa parumananzombe ziso rakanaka simbi inoramba. chiito Its inobva basa elektrodatchikov (chero wedu vanoziva nzira unonzi, electrocardiograph). Mazuvano yefizikisi pamwe zvinhu zvipenyu kudzidza dambudziko zvigadziriswe kwevanhu kuona rinobva minda iri kuva pedyo uye kudiwa.

Neodymium magineti: zvivako uye mafomu

Neodymium magnets a vanoonekwa kuti mukurusa zvazvinoita utano hwevanhu. Zvinosanganisira neodymium, simbi uye Boron. Makemikari yokuita - NdFeB. The chikuru mukana magineti akadaro anonzi kuva chakasimba womunda wake duku shoma. Saka, uremu rehondo magineti 200 anenge 1 gauss c. Tichienzanisa, ake vakaenzana simba resimbi magineti ane uremu kupfuura anenge 10 nguva.

Chimwe undoubted mukana vakati magnets a - kushinga akanaka uye kukwanisa kuchengeta zvinodiwa unhu kwemazana emakore. Nokuti remakore magineti anorasikirwa ehupfumi yaro chete 1%.

Sei chaizvo vari kubatwa neodymium magineti?

Uchibatsirwa kwayo kuvandudza akaparadzirwa, nhamo iri akagadzikana, vatambura migraine.

The ehupfumi kuti neodymium magnets a akatanga kushandiswa kurapa zvimwe 2,000 apfuura. Muchirumbidza chimiro ichi yokurapa inowanikwa muzvinyorwa China yekare. Zvadaro kurapwa nokushandisa imwe magnetized matombo womunhu muviri.

Zvipatara yaiva muchimiro achabatanidza navo muviri. Ngano anoti akaisvonaka utano uye Watermark kunaka Cleopatra aifanira kuramba kusakara pamusoro rinobva musoro bhandeji. In Persian masayendisiti X remakore yksityiskohta akatsanangura kwaibatsira neodymium magineti ehupfumi pamusoro womunhu muviri panyaya kubviswa kuzvimba uye tsandanyama spasm. The vasara hwokuti nguva anogona kutongwa pamusoro pokushandisa kwavo kuwedzera tsandanyama simba, mapfupa simba uye kuderedza marwadzo majoini.

matambudziko ose ...

Evidence pamusoro kubudirira dzokuteerera kwakadai dzakabudiswa muna 1530 maererano yakakurumbira chiremba Paracelsus kubva kuSwitzerland. Mune zvaakanyora, chiremba rakarondedzera mashiripiti ehupfumi pamusoro magineti kuti kungangova kuti vabatsire muviri nokuzviremekedza kuporeswa uye chikonzero. A chikuru siyana nezvirwere mumazuva iwayo akanga vakawira nokushandisa magineti.

Kwakapararira dzokuzvirapa muUnited States tichibatsirwa chokushandisa ichi mumakore post-hondo (1861-1865) apo mushonga categorically kukwana. Uye isu akarishandisa sezvo mushonga uye ave kurwadza.

Kubva XX remakore pamwe kuchirapa ehupfumi ari magineti akagamuchira kururamiswa nesayenzi. Muna 1976, Japanese chiremba Nikagavoy Pfungwa chirwere remagineti kushaikwa wakatangwa. Research chigaro wayo chaiwo zviratidzo. Zvinosanganisira muutera, kurukutika, akaderedza kuita, uye hope zvirwere rikurumidze. Uyewo, pane kutemwa nemusoro, vagari uye musana nemarwadzo, nezvinetso zvomudumbu uye zvemwoyo enyika sezvo hypotension kana BP. Kana urwere uye Gynecology, uye ganda kuchinja. Kushandiswa rinobva mashoko ehurumende zvikuru zvinobudirira vakakwanisa normalize.

Science haadi mira

Masayendisiti kuramba yokuzvionera vaine simba rinonzi magnetic minda. Kuedza yaiitwa zvose mhuka neshiri, uyewo utachiona. Terms simba remagineti akazoita kubudirira metabolic pezvakaitwa ari experimental shiri, mbeva, mabhakitiriya muwande nokukurumidza akamira. With kuperevedza minda refu zvipenyu munyama vanosangana kusingarapiki kuchinja.

Zviri kuzorwa zvose izvi zvakavapo uye kukonzera zvakaipa zvizhinji aishanda rinobva kurapa sezvo vakadaro. Kunenge kuti panguva ino vose kunobatsira ehupfumi ose magnets a vasina kudzidza pane zvakakodzera. Mberi pavadzidzisi yakawanda dzinonakidza matongo uye zviitiko itsva.