The chikuru nzira risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi. The ano shoko inotungamirwa

The Mutauro chero mutauro inongogara kuwedzera pamwe lexical muzvikamu itsva. The nzira chikuru replenishment ndiyo risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi. Izvi ine maitiro ayo uye mhando. Basic nzira shoko inotungamirwa dzakananga mumwe chaiyo mutauro. It zvinoenderana nemamiriro, unhu uye kugarisana zvikamu kutaura.

pfungwa

Under shoko nokuumbwa kunzwisisa chimiro zvinhu zvitsva lexical kushandisa suffixes, prefixes, uye dzimwe nzira. Munhu anoziva sei shoko inotungamirwa mumitauro, anokwanisa kupfuura nokukurumidza zadzai chakazovapo, uyewo kuverenga uye kunzwisisa mitsara vasina kushandisa muduramazwi.

Kune classifications inoverengeka nzira shoko inotungamirwa. Vamwe nyanzvi dzemitauro shandisa typology uye shinichiroinaba pfungwa synchrony, asi vakawanda ndiye pakugoverwa kwacho nokuda morphemic uye nemorfemny subspecies. Kupatsanura inobvawo pane mutauro, apo shoko inotungamirwa. Tafura pazasi inoratidza zvainyanya acho mumutauro weRussia.

Mumwe subtype ane yayo zvinhu uye unhu.

Risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi kushandisa morpheme

Morphemic nzira kunoratidzwa ndechokuti mashoko matsva mumutauro kuonekwa kuburikidza nokushandisa yaivapo lexical dzakabatana uye yakananga affixes. Izvi mhando ine chikuru nzira shoko inotungamirwa:

• Suffix.
• The prefixed.
• mubatanidzwa siyana prefixal, suffix uye Postaffixal mhando.
• Uyezve.
• Chidimbu.

Yega ane vakasiyana maitiro, zvinhu uye inotungamirwa zvimwe mitemo.

mhando suffix

Mukuru nzira Kunyange zvazvo kwakabva mutauro wokuRussia inofanira suffixes. Muchiitiko chino, zvinhu zvitsva lexical ngavauye nokuwedzera kuti mujinga shoko suffix derivational mhando. Somuenzaniso, uchi mashanu, uchi Tel. Suffixation anofukidza zvinenge zvose zvikamu pakutaura, asi rakajairika ishoko inotungamirwa emazita, adverbs uye adjectives.

Izvi achabatsirwa siyana morphemic okunatsiridza, izvo rakakamurwa wandei Sub-mhando:

• Rakatumbuka morphemes: mumwe - shamwari (R-g).
• Truncation urwu morpheme: dzakakwirira - soro.
• Uchidzifukidza vakawanda morpheme: blue - pink.
• Change madudziro emazwi: matema - mitema.

Iyi haisi gurupu kuchinja, izvo zvingaita risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi. Suffixes sei dzimwe morphemic maitiro. Level kuchinja zvichienderana zvinoitwa imwe mutauro.

The prefixed mhando

Kana shoko itsva achiumbwa nokuwedzera kuti mujinga nhengo inonyaradza, tiri kutaura pamusoro chirongwa prefixes. Kusiyana suffix, chivakashure kazhinji nokuumba zvitsva dzakabatana lexical mukati chete mukukurukurirana. Nokuti mutauro Russian uchishandisa zvetsika nzira ndiyo Kunyange zvazvo kwakabva shoko rechiito. Somuenzaniso: kubika - kubika - gadzirira; nyora - chiratidzo - Unsubscribe etc.

Pasinei kumbonyanya kwose kwose mhando ichi, kazhinji prefixing rinoshandiswa pachiimbwa nedzimwe mhando shoko inotungamirwa. Kazhinji, izvozvo suffixes, postfiksatsiya uye nevamwe.

Tikafunga suffixes, prefixes uye postfiksatsii

Modern shoko inotungamirwa kunoratidzwa ne mawa kushandiswa mashoko suffixes, prefixes, uye dzimwe pfungwa dzakafanana uyewo mubatanidzwa siyana ayo. In mutauro wokuRussia kusiyanisa anotevera nzira:

• Prefixal-suffix. Shoko itsva dzaiumbwa panguva imwe chete tichibatsirwa prefixes uye suffixes. Somuenzaniso, mumugwagwa - plantain; muganhu - mhiri kwemakungwa.
• Postaffixal. The kwaita shoko idzva nokuwedzera postfix: Xia, -kana, rimwe zuva, -So Ataurwa etc. Somuenzaniso, mumwe munhu - munhu - munhu ..
• Prefixal-Postaffixal. Muchiitiko chino, shoko itsva achiumbwa nokuda chivakashure uye postfix panguva imwe chete. Kakawanda, izvozvo nezvechisarudzo aripo mune imwe mukukurukurirana. Saizvozvowo, saizvozvo zvinokwanisika Kunyange zvazvo kwakabva adjectives, emazita, verbs, etc. Somuenzaniso, kudana - kuzodana .; hope - hope uye nevamwe.
• Suffixal Postaffixal. Shoko rinowanika panguva imwe chete chete suffix uye postfix. Somuenzaniso, maturo - paine kupikisana kwakadaro; revanhu - vazhinji. Kunyange zvazvo kwakabva verbs - chete nzvimbo iri mutauro Russian, iyo inoshandisa nzira iyi.
• Prefixal-suffix-Postaffixal. musiyano uyu kunoratidzwa nokuumbwa mashoko matsva achishandisa vose suffixes, prefixes uye postfiksatsii. Somuenzaniso, kuzevezerana - nokuzevezera; taura - taura.

Mhando idzi kweshoko inotungamirwa zvikuru kushingaira kwete chete Russian, asiwo vamwe mitauro yakawanda.

Kuwedzera

Zvakajairika mazuva ano kuti mutauro wokuRussia ndiyo pamberi kuwedzera senzira shoko inotungamirwa. Panyaya iyi itsva lexical chikwata anooneka somugumisiro tichibatanidza mashoko maviri kana kupfuura vakasarudzwa muna akaumbwa. Zvichienderana nemashoko chii ikashandiswa uye iyo nzira, kusiyanisa nzira dzinotevera chikuru shoko inotungamirwa achishandisa Uyezve:

• Stem-. New lexical zvinhu pashure kuwedzera maviri kana kupfuura mashoko nokushandiswa interfiksa. Panyaya iyi ndiyo yokupedzisira chikuru chezvinonhuwira wemishonga. Somuenzaniso, nembeu, etc. daily.
• Kuwedzera zviviri kana kupfuura mashoko, inozivikanwa nokuvapo kwemisha akaenzana. Somuenzaniso, pasofa mubhedha, ari Prime Minister nevamwe.

Kuwedzera vachishingaira kushandiswa Russian nemimwe mitauro, uye zvinokonzerwa anokonzera Kunyange zvazvo kwakabva emazita uye verbs.

chidimbu

A nzira rokuumba, ndiro namaapuro zviratidzo matsva vachishandisa splicing migove nemamwe mazwi, rinonzi chidimbu. Zvichienderana nzira uye mubatanidzwa zvimwe vaishandisa zvikamu kutaura, ipapo vari kutevera chidimbu:

• Pakutanga. Muchiitiko chino, mazwi matsva vape- kuburikidza nokushandisa munhu ruzha kana tsamba. Saka, kutanga chidimbu kungava anzwike (semuenzaniso, bonde, chikoro) kana neurongwa hwemabhii (semuenzaniso, NLO, LPG and unto.).
• Syllabary. Izvi mhando kunosanganisira kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana mashoko (semuenzaniso, dhipatimendi chitoro, kutengeserana mubatanidzwa and said.).
• Hwakakanyiwa. Iyi mhando kunosanganisira kutanga chikamu pachavo chete lexical dzakabatana uye dzimwe dzakabatana dziri zvakazara (semuenzaniso, muhoro, pamwe, etc.).

Chidimbu kunonyanya kushanda mune ano lexicography, nekuti ikozvino pane zviri kuitika pasi pose panyaya kuunza kunonyanyisa nemazvo uye conciseness mutauro.

Nemorfemnye mhando shoko inotungamirwa

Kana kweDzimba lexical dzakabatana matsva pasina kushandisa morpheme, ipapo pane zvinotevera chikuru nzira shoko inotungamirwa:

• Lexical uye syntactic.
• Morphological uye syntactic.
• Lexical-kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro.

Muzviitiko zvakadaro, mashoko matsva kuonekwa nokuda yezwi nomutezo mumwe kutaura kune mumwe, kana Fusion pamusoro dismemberment pamusoro lexical zvinorehwa nemashoko ari munhu zvinoriumba.

Lexical uye syntactic nzira

Ipfungwa ichi chiri kunzi coalescence, nekuti mashoko itsva iyi vari inoumbwa ne Fusion imwe mutsara. Izvi zvinotungamirira zviri kuchinja kwete chete lexical zvinoreva shoko, asi zvaro syntactic basa. Somuenzaniso, miti yakasvibira - evergreen: unopenga aburukira - kupenga, et unto.

Kakawanda muyanzvi lexical chikwata anoita somunhu dudzirachiito, uye kazhinji kacho ndiye Fusion cheshoko inotungamirwa adjectives uye PARTICIPLE. Anoreva zvakafanana lexical dzakabatana izvi zvakasiyana pakuti vane madudziro emazwi uye kunyatsoomerera arayira ose nhengo dzayo.

Morphological uye syntactic nzira

musiyano uyu kunoratidzwa nokuumbwa mashoko matsva nokuchinja chikamu chimwe rwokutaura mumwe. Zvinotevera subtypes pamusoro nzira iyi:

• Substantivation. Kuchinja kubva chikamu chimwe chokutaura kuva pazita. Somuenzaniso, imwe aitungamirira nyanzvi uye hondo chokuratidza, munhu akuvara murwi uye akanyarara uye vamwe vakuvara.
• Adjectivization. Kufambira zvikamu kutaura chipauro. Somuenzaniso, mumwe muimbi ruzivo, zvichingodaro ruvara tafura.
• Adverbializatsiya. Unomutsa pazita ari dudzirachiito. Somuenzaniso, uri chando mangwanani - mangwanani kuuya.

Panewo dzimwe nzira kuti morphological uye syntactic nzira. mutauro mumwe ane yayo maitiro, kugarisana zvokusarudza uye nevamwe zvinhu.

Lexical-kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro nzira

Muchiitiko chino, zvinhu zvitsva lexical kuoneka pashure yakananga shoko rinotsemuka chawo kukosha, uye anowana imwe. Somuenzaniso, Satellite - zvose somunhu shamwari uye zvomuchadenga muviri; titanium - a ngano hofori uye simbi uye nevamwe vakawanda. Saka, nemamiriro mutauro Mutauro dzinosiyana nokuda kusiyana neshoko semantics.

Nokuti risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi vanofanirawo zvimwe zvinhu uye kufanana mananara maviri kana zvinhu. Kazhinji ichi vanoda chaizvo nguva yakawanda.

Shoko inotungamirwa mu Chirungu

Kuvaka matsva mashoko mumutauro Chirungu rinoitwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Setsika, nyanzvi dzemitauro kusiyanisa Chinowedzera uye risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi sezvo shoko inotungamirwa mu Chirungu. The tafura pazasi inoratidza izvi:

Kana Chinowedzera, ipapo nzira iri runozivisa mutauro wokuRussia. Saizvozvowo, mumutauro Chirungu vari aumba chero mukukurukurirana. Somuenzaniso, kuti tyisidzira, musikana, rima-zvitema, mumwe, et unto. Risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi dzinoratidzwa paumbwe dzimwe lexical dzakabatana. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa rokutendeutsa chikamu chimwe rwokutaura mumwe (mhinduro - kupindura), kuchinja kunetseka nzvimbo (kunetsana - muhondo), kuti alternation mazwi (zano - mazano) kana affixation kushandisa prefixes uye suffixes. Tikafunga yezwi - ndiro hwaro, iro rine shoko inotungamirwa mu Chirungu. Tafura zvinoratidza.

Huru nzira kuwedzera Mutauro - munhu risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi, iyo ine zvinotyisa uyewo zvinhu zvichienderana kumativi kutaura. Pfungwa kuumbwa lexical dzakabatana itsva hakumboperi uye ane yayo nevamwe nyaya mumitauro.