The chikuru mativi ruva - zviri ... chikuru zvikamu neruva; pistil uye Stamens

Botanists kunge vakaverenga vanopfuura zviuru 360 siyana pakati maruva zvirimwa. Uye nyaya iyi haisi yapera. Flowers vanowanikwa kubva dzinopisa kusvikira achinaya mvura - ose okunze dzinodengenyeka panyika. Ndivo pose pose; mumarenje, masango, steppes, marshes uye nyanza, pamahombekombe uye munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Izvi maruva vanoumba unorema nyaya biosphere. Nemhaka kwavari, ikabereka chirimwa zvokudya - bota, vakawanda muriwo nemichero, michero uye nzungu.

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pakati angiosperms (maruva zita wechipiri) iruva. The chikuru zvikamu ruva - munhu pistil uye Stamens. Nokuda kuoma dzinotsanagura pollination uye fertilization, avo kupindura fomu mbeu - kuenderera mberi noupenyu uye shanduka zvinomera panyika.

Flower: mamiriro uye mashandiro

Yepamusoro zvinomera dzine pamidzi, madzinde mashizha nemaruva, izvo pfupi uye dzakachinjwa hunde. Root, chokumisa uye mashizha - vegetative nhengo kuti vane basa kukura zvinomera. Flower - rokubereka che nhengo dzokubereka nadzo. Kazhinji, maruva vari vasiyana pedicels - atumidzwa yakagozha chikamu hunde pasina mashizha. Mune dzimwe mbesa peduncles vasipo kana nepaburi akaratidza. It - sessile maruva. Peduncle anowedzera, kutamira kupinda mudziyo.

We nyora kubva pasi kumusoro, kubva peduncle, chikuru zvikamu ruva. mudziyo ichi, kutorwa kuti placement vakasara zvinhu ruva. Sekaiichi zvingava zvakasiyana-siyana kubva conical, sezvinoita magnolia kuti ndege (camomile the) kana kunyange concave (rosehips), kutanga mukombe, ndiko kuumbwa sepals. vari kazhinji manyoro, asi zvinogona nemavara. Calyx kungava chimwe musara kana epicalyx aumba kubva kumativi ose sepals wechipiri. Next - the Corolla of ruva, rinoumbwa petals. Siyana ruva Corolla guru: ruvara, ruvara zvikuru, saizi, nhamba, chimiro, yakawiriranwa urongwa, cleavage petals.

Pamwe, kuti sepals uye petals vanoumba perianth - kufukidza ruva. Vamwe miti nemaruva vasina petals, kana vasingagari kwakasiyana sepals. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, mashoko perianth iri nyore; inonzi kaviri kana pane sepal uye petals. Perianth - chena manda ruva. Mabasa maruva basa perianth - kudzivirirwa carpel (pistil kana carpel) uye zvinovimbisa pollination. Bright mavara uye anokwezva kunhuwa Corolla zvinopa Zvipembenene achishanyira zvinomera.

The bracts vari yakaorera, vanenge chikuru chikamu ruva. It gynoecium, nyore - the pistil, umo dzakabudirira ovules pamwe mudziyo nokuda gametophyte (megaspores). Ndiyo munhukadzi nhengo dzokubereka nadzo pamusoro ruva. The bracts uye ndicho mukono pabonde nhengo, munhu STRUCTURAL chikwata iyo - stamen. Pamwe, kuti Stamens dzinonzi androecium. The stamen Mukume vakaumba microspores. Ivo zvinosvibisa mukume zviyo - makono gametophyte.

The chikuru zvikamu ruva

The pistil uye Stamens zvinokosha okunze, sezvo - kuparadzirwa vechirume utachiona masero. It - gametophytes, mumwe venhumbi unovapo kubva confluence wembeu, uye chibereko maruva. Pistil (carpel dzakarurama kumutumidza) inoumbwa ovary, wechikamu (vamwe maruva hauna), uye rusarura. In ovary ipapo mudumbu zai rayo chipfuro ovules. Pamusoro mbiru inoguma rusarura, apo mukume iri kunonoka. Zvinonzi akaumba ari Stamens (mikrosporolistikah). Typical stamen ine zvikamu zviviri: kuti filaments (chena, chena chikamu) uye rakaorera anther (chokubereka) ushande.

Monoecious uye dioecious

About 75% of mhando angiosperms vari hermaphroditic (hermaphroditic) maruva - vane zvose Stamens uye pistils. Izvi zvirimwa ndivo monoecious (muenzaniso - chibage). Pane miti umo vamwe vanhu - nemaruva chete staminate, uye vamwe - chete pistillate. Dzinonzi dioecious (muenzaniso - hemp).

Pfungwa pollination

The Chaizvoizvo ndiko kuti varove pollination kuti mukume pamusoro rusarura pakati Stamens. Zvinogona kuva kuzvipira pollination, mashoko chaiwo muenzaniso iyo kunoonekwa maruva chisingadudzwi (dzimwe mhando violets, nzungu, bhari). nzira yechipiri - muchinjikwa-pollination kuti anowanika mune dzakawanda maruva. Vamwe vatakuri mukume: mhepo, mvura, tumbuyu, masvosve, shiri.

kaviri muchangosangana

At confluence varume gametes (dzisingaoneki) kubva hadzi gamete (oocyte) fertilization kunoitika. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira pamusoro rusarura, nyoro namuka inotapira mvura, kumera mukume Stamens. In dzakamera danda anotanga kukura mukume chubhu - refu kwazvo uye dzakaonda chaizvo. Panoparadzana mwoyo kupinda ovary pedyo ovules. Pakapera sepombi mbiri chaidzo dzisingaoneki. Ovule, rine masero kuti kuva mukati ovary. Zai pedyo pyltsevhodu, izvo chinopinda pyltsetrubka. Mamwe masero, chesekondari, riri pakati ovary. Pyltsetrubka watsemuka uye vose urume kubva pairi. Mumwe anopinda cytoplasm uye musimboti fuses pamwe zai, uye rimwe - chinopinda musero dzisiri. Muchangosangana kunoitika uye zai anotanga kugovera kakawanda, naro anovandudza utachiona hwomuti. Sero The yechipiri sezvo nourume otanga kuumba endosperm - pandiri dura rezvokudya nokuda embryo. Izvi unoumba mbeu.

Muchidimbu pamusoro mashandiro maruva

Flowering miti iri nemiti panyika nenzvimbo hukuru nzvimbo iri kwayo kukura, uyewo pakati mhuka fauna of. Chinangwa zvose zvipenyu zvose - kuratidza mhuri dzavo, kusika kuenderera kwayo. Chete shungu uye maruva. Dzavo dzokubereka nadzo, kuita mashandiro kubereka, muri maruva. The chikuru mativi ruva - gynoecium ichi (nomutswi) uye androecium (stamen) izvo zvinoumba zvepabonde masero - gametes. In maruva mushure pollination kuti kurara - yomurume ane gametes. Somugumisiro kaviri pakusangana pakati ovules pakati ovary ikabuda paganda mbeu pamwe kuchengeterwa nezvinovaka muviri. Izvi - kutanga upenyu hutsva munguva pamazera mhuri maruva zvinomera.