Terrain zvinhu uye anobatsira zvinhu muSweden

Zviri ino - the Geological marongerwo uye chicherwa pfuma Sweden. Nei nyika ino? Ndicho kupfuura kwete chete kunyika Western Europe, kuti miganhu State, asi mufumi hunhu uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoita kuti zvinhu vasingazivikanwi kuti vakawanda vokuRussia. Geography uye Sweden zvinobatsira mari nyaya mubereko kwete chete kune vanachiremba, geographers, asiwo vaverengi vakawanda kuziva.

Imhandoi nyika

Location Sweden - Northern Europe (Air Peninsula). Vavakidzani - Norway kubva kumavirira, Finland - kubva kuchamhembe kwakadziva, Denmark - kubva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero. Mamineral Sweden uye Finland, uyewo zviri okunze, akafanana ari mamiriro nokuda pedyo napedyo. Sea reBaltic uye Gulf Bothnia okumavirira nemvura yaro mamiriro kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba. Kukura nyika 450,000 mativi makiromita.

Sezvo kare akataura, Sweden - huru kupfuura Air nyika. Pakati munyika dzose European saizi yayo wechipiri chete expanses wenyika yedu, uyewo Ukraine, France uye Spain. Kureba ndima yayo zasi-rwokumusoro mirayiridzo - anenge 1600 makiromita, uye "zvido zvevanhu" (kumadokero-kumabvazuva) - vanenge 500 km.

Vanopfuura hafu yacho inogarwa masango, asi 14-15% ndiyo achinaya mvura uye bogs, uye vanenge 9% munyika inogarwa kure negungwa mvura. Kuwanda nenzizi, nehova uye madhamu muSweden inosvika 90 000. Mazita zvikuru pakati madziva - Vättern, Vänern, Mälaren, Elmeren.

A tsananguro maitiro yorwizi Swedish - kunyanya refu, asi chaizvo dzakadzama, pamwe mapopoma uye Mangondo. Channel Vanovata substantially nenzira kubva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Vazhinji Nzizi runoyerera muGungwa reBaltic (yaro Gulf of Bothnia).

Hurumende ine kwemhenderekedzo nokururamisira refu (2,700 makiromita urefu), yakashongedzwa wakajeka muzvitsuwa uye zvengarava rwokuzvarwa mavambo. Mazita akawanda zvikuru Swedish muzvitsuwa - Oland uye domsaga.

Relief uye anobatsira zvinhu muSweden

Gore akadana Kebnekaise ndiye yakakwirira munyika. Maka nayo pamusoro pegungwa -. Vanopfuura 2100 M yokusunungurwa inotungamirwa wayo dzinokosha zvinhu pachishandiswa nzvimbo Air Peninsula uye chikamu kuBaltic Shield. Akapeta gomo mamiriro panguva yayo pasi pokudzora vakawanda mazizaya dzakamutsa hunyambiri mutambi kunangiswa.

Island akawandisa makore apfuura yaiva musimboti reEurope Continental glaciation. The nzvimbo akazadza ayo mazizaya simba, inopfuura chiratidzo 1500 m. Masayendisiti makasimbisa nokuvapo wokupedzisira cover akadaro anenge pedyo Stockholm ano. Zvino anenge 100 akapfuura. Other wandisa mazizaya iri kuchamhembe pemhenderekedzo Gulf Bothnia, vanenge vanomwe kana masere zviuru zvemakore akapfuura.

A vakasvimha jogirafi

It kunobva nzvimbo munyika chicherwa pfuma pamusoro zvechadenga kuzorodzwa Swedish. Ndima yayo unogona kukamurwa kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba dzakadaro. Northern Sweden yaiva kunonyanya pachikomo, rakakamurwa rokumusoro, pakati uchingodzikira wehunyambiri bhandi. Panyaya zvicherwa nezvimwe zviwanikwa, nebani Norland akabata rokutanga zvikamu izvi aumbwa kunyanya moraine deposits uye peat bogs. Munzvimbo kumadokero pamhenderekedzo Gulf Bothnia ipapo ravanhu zvomumvura sediments.

Plateau Norland ndiyo musimboti makuru esimbi deposits. In chete chinangwa uye chikuru reserves mapuranga. Part mumipata kuchamhembe akapfuma rakaorera nevhu ayo ainyanya kushandiswa mafuro.

Kumaodzanyemba kwenyika (pamusoro enyika Småland, pamapani Central Sweden uye Skåne Peninsula) iri kunyanya kuisa indasitiri munyika yayo kurima. Ibid - inonyanya kwevanhu arambe achirema. Småland maererano ayo nekaupenyu nounyoro okunze ndiyo nzvimbo tsvene akanakira upenyu hwevanhu.

On nevhu kukodzera nokuda zvokurima zvikure masango kunyanya coniferous. Zvikuru yakakura chikamu ndima rinosanganisira peat bogs. Skåne - Sweden South - mumapani akaita vakarima zvinodiwa zvokurima anenge zvachose. Pane zvakanaka vadanana, riri nyore kugadzirisa uye awane mukuru goho. Mapani yaiteverwa pamwe matombo anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri kwayo duku, ndichinanavira kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kubva kumavirira. Kana nguva wakajeka bani safambika mumatenhere vakanga zvemapuranga aine predominance pamusoro Deciduous miti (padurunhuru, pomuouki, Maple, Beech). Zvadaro, masango akanaka yaparadzwa nemaoko evanhu.

Sweden oruzivo - zvishoma pamusoro huru mhando

A pachena kuchiitwa Swedish subsoil - pfuma nesimbi uye hama urombo chicherwa rinochiwedzera. Terrain zvinhu uye anobatsira zvicherwa Sweden akabatanidza kare. Nemhaka dzakawanda outcrops pamusoro magmatic uye metamorphic mavambo dzinowanikwa yakawanda matura esimbi ores. A chaizvo shoma chete sedimentary matombo hunhu kwakakonzera kusavapo kutopedza mafuta, negasi uye marasha.

Swedish simbi mhangura deposits zvinogona kutakurirwa mumwe vakapfuma munyika. Izvi zvinoshandawo wevasungwa esimbi reserves, uye simbi tigutsikane iri mhangura. Chokutanga zvinoriumba anenge mabhiriyoni 3 arşive matani, uye avhareji zviri simbi iri mhangura kwazvo 60%.

On kutipa pikicha - Sweden hunoshatisa zvicherwa (huru zvakatapwa marudzi).

Kuti papi

Ndepapi zvakavigwa huru hunoshatisa zvicherwa Sweden? Vanopfuura 4/5 munyika yacho simbi mhangura Matura kusimbiswa yayo inokosha simbi mhangura weruwa. It riri muLapland, mhiri kweArctic Circle. Kudeuka dhipoziti unonzi Kirunavaara uye, maererano nenyanzvi, ine haana asingasviki mabhiriyoni 1,6 matani.

Lapp akapfuma mhangura ine dzakakwirira kuwanda zvesimbi - dzinenge 2/3. Asi kunze kuti, pane mijenya uye phosphorus. Ndokusaka mhangura ichi chinonetsa itye. Shandisai zvinhu izvi kubatsira Sweden musi commercial pamwero akatanga chete pakatanga Thomas simbi kwacho kwakaitika pakutanga kwezana XIX uye XX emakore.

Mumwe dzine simbi, akadana Bergslagen uye anozivikanwa kubvira Middle Ages, iri pakati chikamu nyika. By uwandu esimbi, iye concedes rwokumusoro, asi mbishi zvinhu zviri zvikaramba ine chikamu maduku kunokuvadza sarufa phosphorus, saka kuti yava nenguva ichishandiswa zvinodiwa indasitiri, kunyanya simbi.

Ngatimbotaura non-ferrous simbi

Saizvozvowo, interconnected Geological marongerwo uye chicherwa pfuma Sweden, vachirondedzera vasiri ferrous simbi. Uise kupfuura deposits dzavo - musi Norlandskom rwenze. Munzvimbo Buliden - Kristineberg ane guru kunzwisisa kuti deposits uye sulphide mhangura. In nechivako kwavo - mukanyiwa hwemhangura, kutungamirira, zingi, sirivha, nendarama, Arsenic, pyrite. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, munharaunda Laysvall ane kutungamirira munda, uye muna Aitik - mhangura. The vakapfuma uri European pamwero yemhangura deposits muCentral Sweden nezvichaitika refu nokushanda yekudyidzana wava muduku uye Pari hatina dzokutengesa ukoshi.

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinobatsira zvinhu muSweden kuitwe munharaunda yayo? Ikoko unogona kuwana uye bituminous shale deposits izvo kutakura kure duku matura uranium exchange. Zvinofungidzirwa nhamba 317 000 matani. Nhamba iyi anenge 20% of zvachose reserves ari capitalist nyika.

Asi nokuda kukura kwake kwokutsungirira uranium exchange-shales zvinoda chinokosha vapfume. nzira iyi haisi chaizvo mari-kubudirira maonero yemamiriro nhasi ari mutengo pamwero kuti mbishi uranium exchange.

The vakapfuma deposits pamusoro Norrbotten uye Bergslagen yepamusoro simbi mhangura mapurovhinzi vanozivikanwa kwete chete munyika asi wezvenyika nyika. In Norrbotten - zvizhinji hwemhangura-pyrite deposits. Uwandu kunze uko - anenge 100. The dunhu rinonzi Västerbotten uye Bergslagen chokuita nechepakati Sweden, muri akapfuma ari esimbi uye mhangura pyrites.

Petroleum muna Sweden

Zvose izvi zvicherwa Sweden nyika kushanda aneta. A minda mashomanana inozivikanwa mafuta dziri muna Central European mafuta uye gasi bheseni. In Sweden anowana chikamu chiduku chete nayo, kufukidza kukura sezvakarayirwa 30 000 mativi makiromita. It inoremekedzwa chitsuwa domsaga kuchamhembe-rwamavirazuva. Zita remasangano yeminda - Hamra. Oil reserves ipapo, maererano nenyanzvi, ndiyo matani anenge 20 000.

Zvisinei Available munyika, uye marasha, asi zvinorehwa reserves ayo nomwoyo wose,. Pano, kuzorodzwa uye anobatsira zvicherwa Sweden interconnected zvakananga. Musono ukobvu ake -. Not anopfuura 0,8 M Coal deposits (Öresund, Höganäs) anogona kuwanikwa muruwa Skåne, yaiva kure kumhenderekedzo yokumadokero Sweden.

Kana kuchava kuSweden anokosha nesimbi? uwandu goridhe nesirivha Small concomitantly anobudiswa panguva kubudiswa sulfide esimbi deposits. Zvisinei, muna Enasene zvichida pane chete imwe yendarama-minda.

Pamusoro Swedish ekunze

Kufanana zvose Air nyika, vakawanda mundima Swedish nhema pasi marongera echando. Izvi imhaka kunzvimbo dzinoti Air makomo. Ivo vanoita basa inotadzisa kuti ushande nyorovera mhepo gobvu richibva Atlantic. Kusiyana yacho Swedish okunze akabatanidzwa basa rinokosha chinokosha nokureba nyika iri índico negwara.

Eastern uye kumaodzanyemba dzenyika nokuda kwoushamwari mvura Gulf Stream vane nepagungwa okunze ane zvishoma iya kuti Continental. Muna January tembiricha iri kazhinji iri zvinobva - 15 kusvika ⁰S - 3 ⁰S. In July - 10-17 ⁰S.

Annual mvura inenge 300-800 mm kuti kunonaya. Sezvo volatility yavo duku, pane zvakawandisa unyoro. Nezvokumutswa yokupedzisira chinhu mundima munyika dzinongoita swamped.

In yemakomo rwokumusoro-kumabvazuva kumatunhu nyika, kunyanya kunze kweArctic Circle, okunze ndiko kunyunguduka hunhu. A chinokosha chikamu Northern Territory rakafukidza echando machira, uye zvakawanda gomo-mupata mazitombo echando.

About Swedish nzizi uye madhamu

Mineral deposits muSweden - kwete chete zvayo zviwanikwa. Zvose pamusoro zviri okunze, kwakaita nzvimbo yacho uye Geological chivako muSweden vane zvakanaka zvakasiyana-siyana zviripo Makungwa nenzizi kufukidza mepu munyika ine batana network. Swedish nzizi dzinoyerera, kazhinji kuburikidza yakamanikana mumipata uye yakashongedzwa yakawanda mapopoma uye Mangondo. Kakawanda, kushandisa kwavo sezvo simba zvinyorwa.

Kana tikafunga rwizi hydropower somumwe munyika zviwanikwa, unonyanya kukosha mari avo kuti kutanga muna Air makomo (ari mujinga dzavo kumabvazuva), ichiyerera kuburikidza Norlandskomu rwenze uye ichayerera kupinda Gulf Bothnia. mazita avo - Ongermanelven, dalälven, Lule, Umeelv, Indalsälven. Rivers chinjana pamwe akawanda madhamu uye zvakawanda rwegungwa-zvakadai Extensions kuti ave dzinongoitika reservoirs. Vanogona kupa mvura iyerere murau iri kosi kwegore.

Lake - chinhu vasingasiyani chikamu vaiongorora hwokufananidzira kunyika dzakadai muSweden uye Finland. Pasi pavo ndakabatikana kanenge 8% munyika. Zvinowanikwa pakati Lake Vänern, Sweden mu Europe - chikuru. On ichiyerera kubva Rwizi Göta Älv ane mukuru mapopoma, iro rinoshandiswa, dzichiisa pamusoro payo Hydroelectric chirimwa simba uye zvinoverengeka kutumirwa nekiyi.

Zvinomera nyika yose

In mhedziso - mashoko mashomanana pamusoro chirimwa nepfuma kuSweden. Zvinenge zvose mundima yayo, kunze kwazvo kumaodzanyemba, ndezvaJehovha podzolic mapazi. Havadi kumirira chimwe ukoshi kuti kurima. More dzakakodzera panyaya iyi ndiyo pevhu-podzolic ivhu marudzi, vakava kwakapararira pamapani pamwe makungwa Middle Sweden.

Forest shava nevhu, iyo vanonzi kupfuura yakaorera zvose, zviripo pamusoro munharaunda Air Peninsula, iri kumaodzanyemba kwenyika yacho. Kazhinji kuti mupfumi kweItari Skane.

Zvinomera Sweden anomirirwa zvikurukuru nokuda masango, kuvanza anopfuura 50% mundima. nzvimbo yavo -. anopfuura mamiriyoni 23 hectares, saka kuti chakarurama iyi mamiriro anobata nzvimbo yokutanga pakati nyika dzokuEurope. Unorema mumasango vanoumba coniferous. Kurutivi rwokumusoro, riri pamuganhu polar Lapland, dzichikura mawere yomusango zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera dzakakwirira kutsiviwa pamusoro Birch rwakakombama. More kunosvika kumusoro gomo achinaya mvura mumatenhere lichen, chikwindi, omujunipa uye zvipfupi birches.

Chete mumwedzi yokupisa, utsinye serakavakwa makomo vakashinga Blooming patsangadzi mune uswa. Tundra uswa rinofukidza kanenge 1/8 of nzvimbo. Nemiti yakafara-leaved anogona kutaura pamusoro klone, nemiouki, Linden nemadota. Kumaodzanyemba dzenyika anogona kusangana uye masango Beech.

Pane vazhinji Sweden huni

Kwete chete mumwe Sweden zvicherwa kungoita izvozvo pakati flagships hwenyika yose. Maererano nomumwe anokosha zviwanikwa - matanda pfuma - Sweden ndowenyika European vatungamiriri kunze. Mugore yakabereka mabhiriyoni 2,3 cubic metres, uye zvinenge zvose ndezvenguva Conifers. With kudaro chinogona mujinga nyika zvakanaka dzakabudirira kuveza uye pulp nebepa Mazinga.

Kana pakati remakore rapfuura pakanga ufuza zvechokwadi watemwa nemasango anokosha, nhanho yaro emakore achangopfuura kwave yekudyidzana seiyi. State vakapedza mari yakawanda kudzorerwa uye pakuzvichenesa dzakadaro uye kuvandudza sezvamunoita kwayo. Somugumisiro, negoho kwenzvimbo inotaurwa dondo kwakawedzera zvikuru.