"Tatra T3 ': zvakagadzirwa zvinhu uye pikicha

For tramways muguta ino enda ano yemashoko trams, izvo atambudzwe kwete chete nokuda kwayo Stylish chitarisiko, asiwo hwokugadzira zvinhu zvechokwadi kusimbisa. Vanoenda chinyararire, nokukurumidza, zvinobudirira, ivo chaizvoizvo nenyaradzo, saka kakawanda kubva kare trams mumaguta vanoramba. Ndiko sei zvishoma nezvishoma mumigwagwa mumaguta Russian zvishoma nezvishoma inonyangarika trams "Tatra T3 'womuenzaniso. Asi ivo kamwe vaionekwa kapoka kane. Sezvineiwo, hapana maguta makuru vachiri kushandiswa, saka unogona kunyudza zvomunguva yakapfuura uye kurangarira nguva Soviet, apo trams izvi zvaiva kwose kwose.

Zvisinei, kuti zvawaifunga zvakadzama nezvenhoroondo, magadzirirwo zvinhu uye nyaya yakafanana pamusoro Somuenzaniso, "Tatra T3 'muenzaniso? vanhu Very shoma kufamba mabhazi uye zvakafanana kufunga nezvei vari magadzirirwo zvinhu imwe muenzaniso. Naizvozvo, kana uchida ino muchawana zvose zvakafanira mashoko ari pamusoro chitima. Rine yakawanda yakasiyana-siyana mashoko, kutanga kugadziriswa zvakatendeka ambotaurwa, uye anopera magadzirirwo zvinhu zvekushandisa nokurondedzerwa.

Chii?

Nokudaro, "Tatra T3 '- muenzaniso chitima motokari, izvo zvakagadzirwa 1960. Dzaguma Kugadzirwa trams izvi muna 1999 chete. Somugumisiro, panguva iyi vanopfuura zviuru gumi motokari dzakabudiswa, ayo chakagadziridzwa, zvichienderana kukurukura magumo. Modifications ichakurukurwa zvishoma gare gare, asi iye zvino vanofanira kunyanya Vhuṱanzi pamusoro trams "Tatra T3 '. Kutaura zvazviri, motokari idzi vakaitwa dzose nguva muPrague, asi ndainakidzwa chikamu chazvo rwunotumirwa Soviet Union nedzimwe mugovanisi nyika. In Western Europe, iwe kashoma kusangana motokari dzakadaro - kunze East Germany.

okunatsiridza

ukuwo, imi munotoriziva kuti chitima "Tatra T3 'zvakagadzirwa muPrague, pamusika chikuru yave musha naye. Vazhinji trams muenzaniso uyu akaberekwa uye kushandiswa pamusoro munharaunda Czechoslovakia. Kana kunze kwenyika, muchiitiko ichi chakange vakaperekedza kupfuura tichishingaira. Izvi runoratidzwa chokwadi kuti mumwe nomumwe kuenda nyika akasika pachake nadzurudzo kwayo, izvo zvisiri yakasiyana chaizvo kubva pakutanga, asi zvakadaro vakanga mamwe mashoko uye zvinhu zvishomanana.

Chinonziwo zvinoratidzwa mumotokari womuenzaniso zita. Somuenzaniso, chechipiri pakukura nhamba yemaBhaibheri anobudiswa raiva T3SU muenzaniso kuti akanunurwa kuti Soviet Union (SU kubva Soviet Union). Musiyano mukuru pakati motokari idzi Kunyanya kubva chepakutanga yave kushaya nechepakati musuo, uye imwe zvigaro zvakanga yakaiswa pamusoro liquidated zvichipfuura. Uyewo yemakambani manera yaiva shure mumotokari, kwete pakati, rakanga chokuita kusavapo pamukova pakati. Pane dzimwe kusiyana kuduku, izvo voga nokuda muenzaniso pamusoro pakanyorwa hwaro.

Ndokupi akanunura chitima "Tatra T3 '? Yaiva yoga shanduro yokuti Germany, Yugoslavia uye Romania, uye muna 1992 akatanga kuberekwa trams T3RF, izvo chinangwa kuumbwa Russian Federation. Uyewo kucherechedza T3SUCS womuenzaniso chitima - ndidzo motokari, iyo yakapiwa pachishandiswa akaronga kuti Soviet Union, asi akapa kune epamba kumusika. Chokwadi chokuti muenzaniso yepakutanga hakuchisina kubudiswa 1976, asi paiva chimbi kutsiva motokari dzakawanda vakuru eighties. Yakanga, uye akatanga kugadzirwa nadzurudzo iyi.

Nhoroondo chitima

Chii chaiva nhoroondo motokari yayo okunatsiridza, zvakadai sendarama akakurumbira pakati pavo - "Tatra T3SU"? Zvinofanira kuva pachena kuti, nokuda zita, akanga asiri motokari yokutanga dzinoti - "T2" motokari zvakabudiswa kare, uye kwete chete nokuda kuCzechoslovakia, asiwo yakawanda vakanga aivigirwa kuna Soviet Union. motokari idzi aiva nezvikanganiso zvavo, izvo zvabviswa mune shanduro itsva.

Nechekare muna 1960 yokutanga kumumvuri yakanga yakagadzirira, iyo akaedzwa uye anotenderwa. Zvadaro, vanhu vakawanda kugadzirwa vakatanga uye chitima kubva muenzaniso itsva Chakatanga mumigwagwa Prague muzhizha 1961. Zvisinei, kutanga kwegore ra1962 ari trams yakanga yabviswa basa nemhaka urema kuti wagadzirirwa uye makore nehafu. Somugumisiro, yokupedzisira musi kutanga chitima oparesheni razova Mumatsutso 1963. Mugore iroro rakatanga, uye zvokushandisa specialized motokari kuti Soviet Union - the kubva muzana aiva soro, kunyange Czechoslovakia haana kushandiswa sezvo motokari zvikuru muenzaniso uyu, sezvo kushandiswa "T3SU Tatra" trams. Vazvo kuti trams izvi mumaguta eSoviet akanga refu kwazvo uye dzakaguma chete muna 1987.

Recent nhoroondo

Zve vazvo, sezvamunoziva, mukuvamba nineties, apo Russian Federation dzawanika T3RF motokari. Vakanga vanunurwa kuna Russian Federation kusvikira yokupedzisira, kana kwakaregwa kugadzirwa yavo, kureva, kusvikira 1999. Zvisinei, pomugove kuguma hazvirevi kuguma kushandiswa: chete eleven zviuru trams zvikapiwa Soviet Union, uye vazhinji vavo vave upgraded kuwedzera upenyu apfuura nemashanu. Mumaguta akawanda trams izvi nenzira vemakumi navamazana, saka kuti munguva yemberi iri pedyo kuRussia, havana chaizvo munguva yapera.

Technical zvechadenga wetende maviri muenzaniso

"Tatra T3 'maviri-musuo waiva mukuru chigadzirwa nechikoro kuti Soviet Union. Ndizvo nezvazvo uye unofanira kutanga kuudza. It ane zvigaro 38 uye zvigaro inokwana vakawanda 110 vanhu. It ane ina Te of injini 022, imwe neimwe ine kukwanisa 40 kilowatts. Design kumhanya muenzaniso uri 72 makiromita paawa, apo chaiko kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza ndiyo 65 makiromita paawa. Kureba motokari iri 14 metres, upamhi - maviri nehafu metres, uye kukwirira - mamita matatu. uremu wayo anenge gumi matani. Kana tichibatanidza motokari mbiri kuwana wemakamera mamita 30 pakureba. Kana isu kutaura zviri mukati, zvinokosha kuziva kukwirira mukati, inova 2 metres 40 masendimita, uye upamhi roruvanze, inova 1 mita 30 masendimita. Ndiro huru hwokugadzira unhu ine tramcar "Tatra T3 '. Salon naye, sezvaungaona, guru kwazvo uye yakakura, uye motokari pacharwo yakanaka saizi.

Technical zvechadenga wetende matatu muenzaniso

Zvisinei,-musuo mbiri muenzaniso wanunurwa kuna Soviet Union haana dzose nguva - akazotevera muCzechoslovakia vakatanga kugamuchira maodha pamusoro-musuo matatu ngoro "Tatra T3 '. The mapikicha anoratidza kuti kusiyana motokari mbiri haana zvakare guru, asi achine. Naizvozvo, nokurondedzerwa kuti motokari iyi inofanira kufungwa kunyatsotevera, uyewo kuenzanisa navo yapfuura shanduro.

Saka, nhamba zvigaro nokuda chidzoke egonhi pakati akanga aderedzwa - kuti motokari yavo ane 34, kwete 38. Uyewo kutsauka uye mutakurwi vanokwanisa, iyo yava nevanhu 95, kuti idukusa gumi vanhu. The Injini inoramba zvakangofanana, kwete kwakachinja nhamba, saka nokukurumidza inoramba zvakafanana. Dimensions handishanduki, chaizvoizvo, sezvo kurema motokari yose. Sezvaunogona kuona, misiyano vakanga zvechokwadi kwete zvakawanda, kunyange upamhi pamukova hwomukova inoramba zvakafanana.

Design zvinhu

Chinhu chinotevera kutsvaka kana kufunga motokari akadai chitima "Tatra T3 '- zvinoriumba nemagungano, marori muviri uye zvemagetsi uye mabhureki, uyewo zvakawanda. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, zvino famba magadzirirwo zvaidiwa chitima. Uye wokutanga chinoumba, izvo zvinokosha kuteerera, ndizvo kusavapo yakakwana pneumatic michina. Izvi zvinoreva kuti midziyo yose chitima iyi mechanically kana electrically. Zvisinei, izvi zvinoita rose-siyana mota.

Chii chitsva pamasikiro kuonekwa chaizvo panguva "T3" muenzaniso? Side uye padenga kuruboshwe-metal, asi muromo motokari zvakaitwa yokuzvidzora ukabvisa Washington City Offices, inokosha polymeric zvinhu izvo ane zvikuru yakaderera guru uye mukuru streamlining. Saka, kushandisa mashoko aya zvinobvira kuderedza zvinonyatsorehwa uremu uye kuwedzera aerodynamic ehupfumi motokari. Uyewo, kudzora magetsi kuburikidza kufamba injini inoshandiswa kunzwisisa magetsi mudziyo, inonzi akisarareta. Muna kabhini vakanga yakaiswa fluorescent mwenje uye Heaters mhepo hita, iyo inopa vanhu vane kunonyanyisa azvipire kunyaradzwa. Model chitima "Tatra T3 'yekudyidzana vakapfuura hwokugadzira zvinhu nowakautangira, muenzaniso" T2 ".

Housing

"Tatra T3 '- tikaisa kudanda, iyo ichiri kushandiswa munyika Russia, uye zvinoreva kuti panguva Data motokari dzakaitwa panguva soro chechetere. Asi kana ukatarira kupinda kare, tinogona kunzwisisa kuti muna 1963 muenzaniso yaiva chinhu incredible. Pasina chero pneumatic, Kuwanikwa yepamusoro fluorescent marambi uye kudziyisa, uyewo zvimwe zviri mumuviri kunoita husiri nyore kuwana ichi chaiyo chitima. Kunyanya dzinounzwa polymeric dzimba zvinhu uye yokufeva windshield. Kazhinji, chitima ichi vazhinji vaiona mberi nguva yake, iyo ndokusaka kachiri saka munyika huru yakadai Russia. Chokwadi, kushanda uye kutsanangurwa zvitengeswa uyewo nei kubvisa gumi nezviviri trams kana zvichigona dzakachinjwa uye kushandiswa pasi?

zvingoro

With chitima ichi ngoro ave yakawanda nematambudziko. Chekutanga, nokuda kwakaderedza kurema motokari kazhinji asingakwanisi kuenda nokukurumidza sezvataizoda, kunyanya kana chiito kwakaitika pamusoro nyoro kana akachengetwa njanji. Uye ichi kunokonzerwa kwete chete kudikanwa akaputsa apfuura, asi nokukurumidza stitching mavhiri, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma awana mativi chimiro uye otanga kuita ruzha.

Zvisinei, izvi handizvo chete dambudziko, sezvo motokari idzi akatanga kusakara zvikuru njanji pamusoro izvo vakafamba, nokuti kuti vaishandisa rimwe-padanho kuturika rori michina. Ungangove, ichi chakaitwa kuderedza mutengo sezvo maviri mudariro cushioning, izvo zvinosiya pasina zvisaririra yakadaro munzira, akanga atova kuzivikanwa uye vachishingaira kushandiswa nevamwe yemashoko trams.

Somugumisiro, kunyange Voronezh chirimwa akatanga kubudisa chaiyo nokugeda trams kuti zaravnivali njanji. Pashure pezvose, kana iwe kuvasiya zvokuti pakupedzisira zvinogona kutungamirira zvikuru kukuvara. Uyezve, njanji izvi hwakonzera ruzha kunyange trams mamwe mavanga uye yokutevedzera.

electrics

motokari idzi dzaiva akura chaizvo magetsi, izvo vaipa chokufambisa mvere, uye vazhinji nevamwe zvakanaka zvinhu, asi panguva imwe chete paiva zvikanganiso zvakakomba. Somuenzaniso, ari trams vakakurumbira havasi inonyanya kuvimbwa, uyewo "chirwere" namuka akisarareta munwe, izvo zvakakonzera tsaona hwekazhinji kuitika. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vanongotora kutungamirira sokunonoka pamitsetse, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kubvisa chitima mitsetse ari zvashata muoti.

mabhureki

Maererano braking hurongwa, akanga asiri oga - pane vatatu chete vaiva. Izvi hurongwa ushande pasina mumwe - the electrodynamic kwava chikuru, electromechanical kushandiswa dotormazhivaniya, uyewo simba rinonzi magnetic njanji, iro rinoshandiswa amburenzi braking uyewo kubata motokari panguva mbudo kubva nokusvika uye nemasiraidhi pamusoro pavo.

kutadza

The chikuru zvazvakashatira muenzaniso uyu anogona kunzi sezvo ruzha mukati nokuda nokushanda jenareta-injini uye isanamira akisarareta minwe apa. Uyewo kuteerera mutakurwi nyaradzo - polvagona hahusvikirwi, uye mahwindo - chakanyanya kuderera. Zvinonzi zvakare kunowanzoguma basa chitima creaks - creak akafanana masuo kuvhura nokuvhara, uye motokari pachavo vari Bends.

kukurumbira

Ndiyo hazvishamisi kuti muRussia motokari idzi dzichiri dzakakurumbira chaizvo. Zvisinei, vanozivikanwa kunze kwenyika. Somuenzaniso, unogona kuwana chitima "Tatra T3 'nokuti Trainz 12, akakurumbira Simulator nezvitima uye trams. mutambo uyu akasiyana mune adzo uye anobvumira waizoenda dzakasiyana-siyana nezvitima. Uye 2012 shanduro ane muenzaniso "Tatra T3 'nokuti Trainz, saka kana iwe haudi kana havagoni vatasve chitima ichi, une mukana kutungamirira rakapotsa.