Svosve shumba tarisa kufanana? mazana antlion

Antlion munhuwo - zviri zvinoshamisa zvakasikwa, kuvapo zvakanyorwa zvakawanda mabhuku uye mapepa yesayenzi. Judge iwe ndeupi ari zvipembenene mazana zvinobvira kuitisa zvikuru vanoshingaira uye inonakidza upenyu pane vakuru? Nemhaka kwayo tsanzira dukutu zvipembenene vacho zita yakadaro kujairika. Unoda kudzidza zvakawanda? Zvadaro verenga nyaya ino.

svosve-shumba sei?

Tumbuyu kubva mhuri svosve veshumba ndezvaJehovha hurongwa Neuroptera. Uyu kumbonyanya guru ichiyevedza zvisikwa refu (2-7.5 cm) muviri uye mbiri yegwara segirazi mapapiro yepasi, kukura kwebasa izvo rinosvika 55-80 mm. Pasinei nezvimwe zvakafanana, svosve neshumba nyore kusiyanisa kubva dragonflies pamusoro tunonzwa refu uye anonoke ndege zigzaobraznoy nenzira. Uyezve, tupukanana izvi vanokwanisa, kufanana moths kuisa mapapiro pamusoro musana. Vanhurume pane vakadzi ukoshi upamhi wamapapiro nevamwe zvinhu. Musoro wemhuri uyu wakaiswa vertically. Club-zvakaumbwa tunonzwa Tupukanana thicken mugumo kana musoro kuguma zvishoma. The dukutu of svosve shumba afanane chishambwe. Hazvina wingless, ane teardrop chimiro uye rusununguko hombe jeko serin'i uye serrated shaya, iyo woripa utsinye chinorura. Head mazana sandara tunonzwa pariri chisingaoneki.

Where svosve shumba upenyu?

About 2500 mhando mhuri ine antlions. Vazhinji vavo vanosarudza kupisa, saka inowanikwa kunyanya micheto inopisa uye subtropical okunze. Yaimbova Soviet Union Zvipembenene izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa Crimea, kuCaucasus uye Central Asia.

MuRussia, svosve shumba inowanikwa Leningrad mudunhu. Kakawanda zvinowanika pamusoro kumiganhu muGulf of Finland uye Lake Ladoga, uyewo kurarama mukati miganhu St. Petersburg. Zvipembenene izvi kugara parutivi vamiririri kufanana marudzi, mune yakazaruka jecha dzinodiwa inodziya mumamirire ekunze. Svosve shumba uyewo kurarama inowanzorimwa dzinodengenyeka kumaodzanyemba kweRussia.

Sei atumidzwa svosve-shumba?

Kubva airehwa lacewing zvisikwa zvakaoma kunzwisisa nei chavainacho chinoshamisa zita kudaro. Zvechokwadi, apo anoita "shumba", ndipo "svosve"? Zvakaratidza kuti nhengo dzayo zita mhuri iyi vanosungirwa tsika mazana avo. Kana vakura svosve shumba - kuva ichiyevedza uye hakukuvadzi, avo muedzo mazana muenzaniso manomano uye dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya mafungiro. Wose upenyu svosve yeshumba wokutanga maviri kana matatu ariko nechinangwa kukura, saka mazana ava zvisikwa kuronga shingirira anovhima dzimwe diki tumbuyu, kuchitsausa kwavari mumusungo, uye vanonwa muto. Sezvo mazana chakaurawa vanowanzobatwa masvosve, izvo kwangotangwa nomusungo, haachagoni anozombobuda simba mandibles voracious chikara lacewing Tupukanana inonzi "svosve shumba."

Hunting "shumba" riri masvosve

On roadsides kana jecha mahombekombe unogona kuona mwena ane dhayamita pamusoro 5-15 cm. kuora mwoyo uku - musha uye Lovcen gomba antlion. The mazana zvisikwa izvi kusarudza musha kubva mvura uye mhepo, nezuva uye dzakaoma kuti jecha micheto ari fanera nyore chiwondomoke pasi kurema zvimwe nezvipembenene. Chikara kuchera misha yavo achibatsirwa nesimba sunga kuguma mudumbu, uye sejecha kudonha kubva pamusoro musoro asunungurwa pakarepo anotsvaira. Sezvineiwo, kukura dzinocherwa fanera kunoenderana Nzara mazana. Kana apedza, zvisikwa izvi nemamwe burrow vanyura jecha zvokuti chete muchibudisira dzavo shaya simba. Kamwe kumhanya napakati svosve inotanga ondomoka kupinda akagadzirira mugomba, kuti dukutu mashizha yokuvanda. Kana munhu akuvara ari kuedza kubuda, svosve-shumba anotanga kukanda jecha mariri kusvikira Tupukanana haangavi kuonekwa pamusoro pasi akagadzirira musungo. Ipapo dukutu nebanga iye shaya ake akakura. Zvakatapwa antlion kungava nedzimwe tumbuyu, dzimwe nguva kure kwazvo saizi yayo. Asi unopinza shaya mazana ndokuchera akuvara zvakasimba uye nechinangwa mberi bristles pamusoro mumuviri chikara wacho, kufanana Mbambo dzinamatire pasi. Anopinda musungo unouraya zvinofanira kuva nedambudziko zvokudya oumhizha muvhimi.

digesting chikafu

Nei munhu Tupukanana ukabatwa pasi pegomba kwenguva refu haarambi nguva? Zvakaratidza kuti shaya mazana takashongedzerwa chaizvo grooves, izvo ane chepfu zvomudumbu muto. Vsprysnuty mumuviri rechipfuwo, pakutanga mitezo yake, uye anotanga kugaya ayo ura. Nemicheka akaurayiwa Tupukanana vanova emura, uye dukutu antlion chete anonwa navo, nokukanda maturo chitin deko. Izvi anonzi kwokunze kugaya. Zvinoshamisa kuti dukutu Haibudisi tsvina, wake shure uye midgut haana kutaura mumwe. Chete zvipembenene mukuru anogona kubviswa ura zvokudya zvibereko kuora kuti vaunganidza ikoko kwemakore yaivapo kuvapo.

Kutanga guurwa

Svosve shumba - zvipembenene mazana iyo pakupedzisira anochinja kuva mapapiro chisikwa chakatodzana mukonikoni. Izvi zvinotora nguva yakawanda. The dukutu of svosve shumba kuti kwarwo ane nguva kaviri-kupedza chando. Kuti aite izvi, iye akachera zvakadzika kupinda jecha uye nehope.

Mugore rechitatu dukutu ichichinja kuita pupa. Kuti aite izvi, iye anobata dzakaonda silky tambo vakaparadzana jecha, yakapoteredza pachake ane batana inoziva chidyiro chavatenzi vayo. Sezvineiwo, muitiro rakasikwa munhu guurwa rezvipembenene izvi akasiyana pakusikwa zvivako dzakadaro mune dzimwe venyama. Kana shavishavi makonye uye mazana sawyers akashandisa kusika Matandira kugadzira shwanu, neshinda kubudikidza mazana chayabata antlion - secretions kuguma Malpighian tubules yakarongwa zvipembenene hindgut.

Life mukuru

Chechipiri hafu muzhizha - imwe nguva apo kumujuru-shumba, guru uye zveufende, pakupedzisira vakasarudzwa kubva guurwa. By zuva agere achiri mugwenzi mashizha, uye usiku ari manheru zvishoma nezvishoma rinobhururukira pakati uswa nemiti. Svosve shumba anodya mumba zvepabonde akura zera? Vakuru vemhuri iyi vakararama mavhiki mashomanana, uye zvinenge chavangadya. Iripo tichiregeredza zvinhu pamusaka dukutu. Tudyo mukuru svosve shumba dzimwe nguva yava mukume, asi chinangwa chikuru pazvisikwa izvi - kubereka. Nhunzvi vemhuri iyi mazai avo jecha yakaoma. Pashure pechinguva vacho dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya mazana itsva.

kudzivirira

Svosve shumba vanoda kudzivirirwa. Maererano nokutsvakurudza uye zvaanorumbidza masayendisiti VA Krivokhatsky, hapana akakwanisa kuunza zvisikwa izvi kujairika mune chakagadzirwa ezvinhu. A kupararira svosve veshumba zvakasikwa kunokutadzisa basa munhu, iro kushingaira kukura kwavo dzinongoitika nzvimbo. kuwedzera vanhu vari achichinja jecha Dunes uye mahombekombe kwavo pekugara uye nhandaro. Mumasango dzichikura jecha nevhu, pane moto kuti kuparadza vamiririri mhuri svosve veshumba. Kuumba firebreaks mu nemipaini mumasango kukura mujecha, uye kukamurwa basa dzevanhu akakodzera kuvapo svosve veshumba nzvimbo - huru mamiriro ezvinhu richengetedzwe ichi yakasiyana mhando nezvipembenene. Svosve Shumba rwuripowo romunharaunda Red Data Mumabhuku yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia, Tatarstan uye Tver nharaunda.

Svosve shumba Mutsika

US kumaodzanyemba, pane chitendero kuti dukutu antlion anogona kumanikidza kubva mugomba rinokosha nezvitsinga. The ngano chete vakanyorwa pakati vanhu Australia, China, Africa uye muCaribbean.

Early Christian didactic bhuku "Physiologist" ine rondedzero rengano antlion. Basa rakabudiswa pfungwa tsika dzechiKristu maererano ehupfumi ari kunozivikanwa mhuka. Antlion mairi anotsanangurwa somunhu chemasanganiswa vaviri kuchipesana venyama - svosve uye shumba. Izvi zvisikwa rengano chichatadza vafe nenzara pamusana vakaberekwa physiology haangazvirambi kudya miriwo, sezvinoita svosve, uye uchaparadza nyama yakaita Mbeswa shumba.

In Japan Ndiwe Kusudama "svosve-shumba" - munhu akashambidzika idenderedzwa pabepa zvigadzirwa. Zita Hack ichi akagamuchira, zvichida nokuda enhetembo inzwi chokuita nemashoko. Zvisinei, Kusudama iwe nowenyika Kurumi, anosiyana yekudyidzana kubva nzira yake rakasikwa bepa yokutevedzera.

Svosve shumba pamba

Antlion inogona kuchengetwa pamba. Nokuda kwaizvozvi rakavhurika mugaba anofanira kudurura paiva jecha rakakwirira anenge 5 cm. Mumwe Tupukanana kunoda yoga rusesi 8-10 masendimita ari dhayamita. Feed antlions zvinogoneka masvosve, crickets, uye michero kubhururuka Drosophila. Kuti vararame chikafu isingaswederi kunze kwemasvingo mugaba riri nani lubricated pamwe peturu mondo. Pakangotanga dukutu ichichinja kuita pupa, zviri nani kufukidza mudziyo wakanaka pajira riya kusvosve shumba yakanga isina kutsauka, uye voramba mujecha tsvimbo kuti Tupukanana agere pachiri kusvikira pakupedzisira anombotwasanudza mapapiro. Zuva rakatevera, pashure pokusiya kusunungurwa kubva nhumbana antlion nani kubva mudziyo, zvikasadaro vachafa. Observation of tsika wemhuka vachava dzinonakidza uye anodzidzisa kwete chete nokuda vana asiwo vakuru.