The Red Bhuku yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia: zvinomera, mhuka, notumwe tupukanana hove

Banal masirogani achirangarira kudzivirira zvisikwa, achangobva kuwana zvinoreva. mabasa Human pasi kwakanga kushingaira: mhepo yakazarawo emakambani uye pedza magasi motokari, yakasviba mvura mitumbi, mhuka dzakawanda, hove, shiri, uye zvirimwa vari mungozi kutsakatika. Saka vanhu vanomanikidzwa kushandisa kwemitemo, nokusika siyana mazita, nemhaka chaakanga haabvumirwi kuparadza dzinongoitika Kutarira. Pamazita kwakadaro ibhuku dzvuku.

Chii chinonzi Red Book?

Pfungwa rakasikwa bhuku rino akazviratidza muna 1948. Rakavakwa nokutanga ari musayendisiti munharaunda, izvo akatanga kuridza aramu nokuda kwokuwedzera nyaya kutsakatika nevanhu zvipenyu. Conservation Union akavhura yambira Pamazita uye akatuma vatungamiri munyika States. Sei vakasarudza izvozvo dzvuku? Kutaura zvazviri, zvose zviri nyore, icho yambira mumvuri, uye panguva imwecheteyo, ruvara upenyu. Naizvozvo, Red Book chakagadzirirwa atambudzwe nevoruzhinji. Zvinofadza kuti chose yakatsvuka: rine mapeji mamwe mavara:

1. Black. Zvikuru inosuruvarisa mapeji ari ruvara yokuchema. mhuka idzodzo kana zvirimwa kuti yakanyorwa pamusoro pavo, haana takatondeswa kuona. Izvi - yakatotsakatika zvipenyu zvose.
2. Green. The anopa zvikuru machira: ivo dziri mhuka kuti akakwanisa kusimbisa uye kuponesa.
3. Red. Page ruvara ichi rinoratidza zvipenyu dziri akatyisidzirwa kutsakatika.
4. White. Heano mashoma siyana kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.
5. Gray. Insufficiently akadzidza marudzi vakaungana mune pfumbu mapeji.
6. Yellow. Ruvara inofarirwa nevakawanda kuti kukurumidza kuchembera vanhu.

Mukuwedzera nyika dzakawanda mazita, panewo emunharaunda. Zviri nezvokunetseka dzakadaro Red Bhuku yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia.

Yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia: ane pangozi

Nature of Zimbabwe yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia munzira dzakawanda yakasiyana uye mikuru. upfumi kwakadaro chete vanofanira kutora mutaviridziro ehurumende, saka, masayendisiti zvakagadzira huru reThe sezvo The Red Bhuku yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Animals, kasvisto, hove uye shiri, zviri pamapeji aro, mune kurichemera kutarisirwa nevanhu. Bhuku iri rinobatsira akanga ikazobudiswazve katatu. It itange kubudiswa muna 1985. Akapinda 160 mhando vascular zvinomera, 30 mhando tumbuyu uye vertebrates, uyewo 22 mhando notumwe siyana. In yechipiri romuna 1995 kuwedzerwa mamwe mashoko. The Red Bhuku yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia yaisanganisira 390 zvinzvimbo, akasarudzwa zvinomera, pakati pavo mosses, notumwe uye lichens. Uyewo aisanganisira vaiva nezvipembenene, mollusks, shiri, mhuka uye amphibians: zvose 365 marudzi. Zvinemazvo yaiva shanduro rechitatu, rakabudiswa dzose nemitemo pavanoteka kwechibayiro mazita akadai muna 2008.

Plants yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia

inokosha chaizvo edition, akakudziridza kwazvo vemunzvimbo masayendisiti kuti nharaunda, aiva Red Bhuku yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Plants kuti wagara pamapeji aro, ndizvo kushayiwa kudzivirirwa pane hurumende pamwero zvechokwadi. It ferns (asplenium, moonwort, Dryopteris), wild orchid (mudzimai wacho patapata, nadbornik nayo isina mashizha, zviviri Morio), akawanda mhando makwenzi. Zvinonzi zvakare haana kuteerera uye zvishongo mhando dzakadai Arabis uye tsirtsebita Alpine, Siberian asteri uye vetrenichka buttercup. Bog zvinomera, zvakare, vanobatanidzwa pazvinhu izvi, Somuenzaniso, Drosera intermedia uye Kowloon. Mhando nemiti yakabva kune dzimwe vatarisana kutsakatika, zvakanyorwa mapeji ebhuku rino: Karelian Birch, Hazel, Cotoneaster.

On zvimwe zvinomera, zviri kuudza voga. Zvinosuruvarisa varume vane chimwe chinhu chakatanga kupera yaibatsira chimiro sezvo St. Johani mhanga. miriwo Izvi kuzivikanwa sezvo chevarwere uye mushonga chetsika. Rine zvinotevera anobatsira ehupfumi: rakaisvonaka unonyaradza marwadzo, anobatsira kurwadza kwacho ropa kurasikirwa pavezve, anoporesa maronda, pasi uye chinonyaradza. Kunyange kare zvakanga zvakaipa pamwe gastrointestinal chirwere, chiropa uye itsvo. Uyewo, aizomupa St. vaJohani sana rinoshandiswa kuti kukosora uye rheumatism. Asi tinofanira kungwarira, sezvo okumusoro pemashanga chirimwa zvinokuvadza, saka vasati kushandisa zvakakodzera chiremba.

Chinhu chiduku zveMagwaro upfumi, zvinosanganisira Red Bhuku yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Plants, akadai Rhodiola rosea, anonziwo yendarama mudzi, chaizvo dzavo uremu goridhe. Kana rinoshandiswa nemazvo, kuti Rhodiola ari kuchinja yose muviri kunobatsira. Kunyanya zvakanaka zvinokanganisawo vakangwara vanhu vachikwanisa, ndangariro dzake. Paivawo antihistamines uye Anti-pyretic ehupfumi kuti chirimwa ichi.

Kuwedzera makwenzi, zvinokosha kuziva isingawanzowanikwi Orchid, anoda nyorova uye dzinerima - kipridin patapata. Sezvazvakanyorwa wakanzi: Mudzimai wacho, Marina kana Kukushkin patapata, bogoroditsin vene, moccasins (mu America), mudzimai wacho patapata (mu England). In yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia inokura bedzi muna Reserve Kivach. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Orchid ichi Anotumbuka kwerinenge mwedzi.

Security fungal unganidza

Chiizve unochengeta Red Mubhuku yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia? Howa, vari munyika dzinenge 100 marudzi, uyewo vanoda kudzivirirwa. Somuenzaniso, mune mazita mimhanzi yaunonyanya runodzivirira osinovik chena. howa ichi dzinodyiwa inokura iri National Parks uye matura yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Fruits osinovik kupfuura pagore.

Bright dzepepuru howa rinonzi Clitocybe Nuda kuri dzinodyiwa. Anoda semirwi netsvimbo uye mashanga murwi. The chakuvhe rakanyatsojeka guru uye kusvika 20 masendimita ari chivharo sekamufarenzi.

A zvisingawanzoitiki chaizvo howa - Polish howa. runako Izvi zvinogona kudyiwa asi kusingawanikwi kuti haisi mvumo kuunganidza. Inokura chete Kivach Reserve.

Rumwe rudzi howa - Cortinarius violaceus. Gourmets vanoona delicacy. Zviri apo neapo, uye vanhu akamupa zita "pribolotnik".

Wokupedzisira watakati kuyeuka mu opus ichi, zviri inedible howa Smorchkova chivharo. Zita rakanyatsojeka yakarurama; asi chakuvhe zviri zvakafanana mhuri Smorchkova.

Bird dzaserera vhoti

Zvinosuruvarisa, vapfumi uye zvakasiyana-siyana Red Bhuku yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Birds Chokwadi, uyewo kugara pamapeji aro. Grouse, mukuru pfumbu zizi, mamwe marudzi swans, bluetail matsvuku flanked uye curlew vanobatanidzwa kwete chete zvinoshamisa muBhuku yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia, asiwo National, uye kunyange yose mazita.

Pound sandpiper, curlew akadana, ndicho chikamu chikuru pakati Fauna of Russia. Rinogona kuzivikanwa munhu curved muromo kuti zvikuru urefu. Muchirimo ake kuridza muridzo wenziyo vari vakapararira kure zvakakwana.

Uyewo ari Red muBhuku yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia akapinda huru huru pfumbu zizi. The zvezvinotaurwa mapapiro ayo ndeimwe nehafu metres, uye uremu - kuti munhu kilogram. shiri iyi dzimwe nguva kuvhiringidzika ane nezizi, asi mararamiro avo akasiyana: imwe zizi - shiri usiku, apo nezizi akamuka masikati. Population saizi dzakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nokuwanda nemakonzo. Bird akapinda akawanda kuchengeteka mazita.

Capercaillie - yakanaka, shiri hombe. Ndiye chete zvakakwana zvakakwana dzakashandisa kuchamhembe okunze, kunyanya pachando dzechando. Male Grouse kwakasiyana muhombe zvechokwadi saizi, pakurema kwayo kunosvika 6.5 makirogiramu. The hadzi hafu zvichidzika yakasiyana kupenya plumage. mumiririri iyi yehuku chando vanozvigutisa nemipaini pasikweya uye nemipaini tsono, uye muzhizha anogona kudya kunyange madzvinyu. Anotiza, kuti capercaillie iwayo zveufende. Nyama vaRafa uyu unobatsira chaizvo, saka dzimwe vavhimi decimating yehuku pasina chiyero. Ndokusaka Red Bhuku yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia kukasawedzerwa vamiririri zvakadaro shiri yokuzviparadzanisa kufanana Grouse.

hove Karelian

Reservoirs pamusoro yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia dzine vakawanda vagere, asi mhando 28 hove dziri pangozi. chete aifanira Red Bhuku yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia kuti zvakafanana mapoka vagere nzizi uye madhamu. hove mhuri dzakadai Salmonidae, Sturgeon, whitefish, kabhu, Catfish, loaches dzakanyorwa dziviriro fanira. vakawanda kubatwa kwavo kwakaita kuti taisireva: vava kuda kutsakatika vaiva Sturgeon, Sturgeon, nyanza Sarimoni, Sarimoni chena, whitefish, tench, Saber hove, spined loach uye Catfish. Izvi zvinokosha mhando hove aigona zvachose kubva reservoirs pakati yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia, kana vakanga vasina kubatwa nguva pasi kudzivirira ehurumende.

mhuka nyika

fauna of zhinji dzine Red Bhuku yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Mhuka dziri munzvimbo vanozivikanwa vose anonzi uye kuchiitwa mafirimu, asi kana musingadi kurega kupfura avo, vanhu irresponsibility kukonzera kutsakatika kwavo. Somuenzaniso, kuchamhembe dondo nondo. Ichi chakanaka nyanga mhuka vane aroorane. Asi zviri aizivikanwa pachivako pamwoyo nondo pfupa ipapo, chinangwa chiri harizivikanwi kusvikira ikozvino. muArabhu izvi kubva pazvikara vanogara mapoka anosvika 15 vanhu. A chando anogona tama kubva mumapoka nondo 100. Beautiful ungulates kuti tirarame makore 25 okuberekwa, vanoda kugara mune marshes, masango pamwe chikwindi nemarara, rwizi Mafuro. Panguva iyoyo, vanhu anogara maviri mumapaka National uye Kostomuksha Nature Reserve.

On nyika yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia reserves nemapaki yaigarwa bedzi mupenyu nhengo genus "madyo" rakashandurirwa sezvo zita Gulo - wolverine. The Red Bhuku yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia zvokuvhoterwa yaisagona kukasawedzerwa saka mavara, asi urombo panjodzi hunhu. mhuka iyi ndiyo imwe kuchenjerera kwazvo uye simba. Pretty mhuka hombe chakafanana Matehwe guru kana bere. Chine gobvu, zvinonyadzisa bvudzi, unopinza nenzara uye meno simba. mhuka yairema kusvika 18 makirogiramu. Kana panzvimbo yatisingaonekwi kana pasi nemidzi muti unowanikwa nzvimbo inogara, unogona kuva nechokwadi pane kurarama wolverine.

The Red Book - haisi inodzivirira mazita. Ichi chiyeuchidzo kuti vanhu vangani dzakanaka mhuka, shiri, uye hove dzakanga akapa kwatiri zvisikwa. Chisingaregererwi upenzi uye kwokunyanyisa zvose vaizorasikirwa. Pashure pezvose, kubatana nerimwe zvakasikwa ane chinangwa. Wolverine Somuenzaniso, nokuda kwavo omnivorous kuridza basa rimwe medic matanda, kudya zvakaora.

Chimwe ugere Karelian masango - the yokuSpain. Chii ichi katsi guru, vanoziva zvinhu zvose, asi tsika yaro vakafanirwa vainyatsotarisirwa. Large uye chakanaka mhuka adores ungwandangwanda hwezvinhu rima muchisango, swims makuru uye anokwira nemiti. Kana chikafu hakuna kukwana, ari yokuSpain anogona kutanga panzendo refu, nzira iyi vakasvika Kamchatka. The nzira kurwisa iye nemanomano-kutarisira kusununguka, asi kwete zvakafanana vanhu vakawanda vakajaira nokufunga: hazvina kurwisa, vachisvetuka pamusoro akuvara kubva pamuti. In yechando, kana chando rakadzika, yokuSpain anogona kunyange vakarova hadzi dzvuku nondo. Kwemakore akawanda kwakanga vaidavira kuti zvakakosha kuparadza yokuSpain sezvo chikara chine ngozi (uye mbava chechikara yakawanda ukoshi), asi pashure penguva yakati Zvakazoitika kuti mhuka anotamba rakakura basa biocenosis, saka kudzivirira yokuSpain, hurumende nyore anofanira.

Kunze vamwe, Red Bhuku yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia ane pamusoro wayo multi-mavara mapeji mashoma fauna of akadai kubhururuka tsindi, gava, mashava bheya, ermine, tsuro, Chidembo, the marten uye Stony.

Chii kukosha kuchengeteka pasi?

The Red Book - iri gwaro renyika kukosha. Asi akanga chete achinyevera vanhu pamusoro mhando vari kunyangarika. Chinotevera ndechokuti kudzivirirwa kwezvisikwa mumapaki National uye reserves. Ndizvo matanho aya akabatsira kuponesa kubva kutsakatika kwemarudzi akawanda shiri, mhuka uye zvirimwa. Zvinokoshawo kuti pave nzvimbo: munzvimbo yakadzivirirwa kubvisa mamwe fauna of kana kasvisto. Kushandiswa matanho akadaro akabatsira kutirambidza anthropogenic chinhu, zvakakomba kutyisidzira hunhu panyika.