Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya: Biography uye pikicha

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya (zita chairo - Nefedov) - akakurumbira Russian muvezi, nokuda iyo nyika yose akadzidza nezvokuvapo rimwe marudzi Mordovian. Nyaya inopa muchidimbu hwake uye basa.

Mabviro nomuvezi

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya akaberekerwa Ardatov muruwa Mordovia (d. Baevo) October 27, 1876. Vabereki vake vaiva varimi kuva rudzi Mordvinian erzya (saka ainziwo muvezi). rudzi urwu dzechihedheni zvaidavirwa vakaramba kupinda remakore rechi19. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Erzya anokudzwa mweya nenzizi, namatsime matombo vainamata miti matsvene. Zvisinei, Stepan aiva Orthodox, uye atova 3rd chizvarwa.

nokudzidziswa nguva

The ramangwana muvezi akatanga upenyu hwake ava nemakore nemakore 14. Muvhiki 10 makore Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya aidaro rwokugadzira siyana, kusanganisira kupenda mutemberi. Chete vodzokera vabereki vake Alatyr, apo vakanga unozununguswa iyoyo, Stepan akatanga kuita kudanwa kwake zvechokwadi. vatengesi Local akaonga girl yaakaita kune mudzidzi theatricals pamusoro pamabasa A. S. Pushkina. Vakasarudza kuratidza mifananidzo Stepan Dmitrievich Director of Stroganov School muMoscow.

Muna 1901, anenge pakuva mutauro Russian Erzya akaenda kudzidza muMoscow. Ndadzidza kwegore panguva Stroganov School, apo iye aipinda manheru kudhirowa makirasi, Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya aigona kupinda Moscow School of Painting. Mugore, Erzya kugadzirira kuva rokupenda, asi akasarudza kuenda chivezwa dhipatimendi. Akanga nyore kudzidza. Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich akakurumidza nyanzvi dzamaoko muvezi tichionga ayo dzinongoitika yokuwana. mudzidzisi wake akanga S. M. Volnuhin, iro rinozivikanwa sezvo munyori mukuru shongwe Ivanu Fedorovu, Russian piyona. Stepan ane ushamwari nomudzidzisi wake. Erzya kwakamubatsira mushure chimurenga. Akatora Volnukhin achirwara kumaodzanyemba, kuedza kumuponesa. Zvisinei, mudzidzisi wake akafa ake. Okugadzira zvinhu mumiririri Impressionism P. P. Trubetskogo vaivawo simba guru paumbwe remangwana nomuvezi.

Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich haana kupedza kosi. Akafunga kuti chikoro chaiva nepandaigona napo. Muna 1906 akaenda Italy. Zvakanga pano kuti akatanga pakupedzisira achizviti Erzya, muchitenda kuti zvanzi nyika vanhu vake. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti akapindura remadunhu- pamberi, uye dzimwe nguva akasaina zita Nefedov-Erzya wake basa mudzidzi.

Basa kuitwa Italy

Rakafuridzirwa mabasa Michelangelo, Erzya akatanga basa machena. In Italy, akakurumidza nyanzvi unyanzvi hunodiwa. Muvezi vakatocheka zvisikwa zvavo chete namabwe. Haana kugadzirira pre-drafts kana yokunyora nokudhirowa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vanatenzi shoma vaishanda, uchishandisa unyanzvi zvakananga kuvesa. vari kazhinji kuita kuminamato vabatsiri. Pari, havasi mabasa mazhinji Erzya chokuita iyi. Pakati zvivezwa zvakafanira kucherechedza chifananidzo Ioanna Krestitelya. Basa iri rakaitwa temberi muguta La Spezia.

Kubudirira wekutanga mukuru

Muna 1909, Stepan Dmitrievich akasvika kubudirira wokutanga zvikuru. Yakanga iri rechisere International Exhibition muVenice Erzya sezvamunoita zvakaratidzwa, vaimudana "usiku Last pamberi kuurayiwa nemhosva munhu". Ndicho zvinobikwa Stepan Dmitrievich akaita pashure rokuenda Moscow- Butyrskaya. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti mumakore pakudzidza tiri vanofarira moonlighting muvezi mifananidzo. Panguva ino, yandiri kupfura kuipandukira, dzakasungwa, Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich.

Brief Biography of tenzi hakudi hwakadzama kuziva basa rake. Zvisinei, tinofanira kutaura mashoko mashomanana pamusoro "usiku Last pamberi kuurayiwa nemhosva munhu", sezvo zvakakosha chaizvo basa. Stepan Dmitrievich wakaratidza agere hafu-kupfeka murume, ari kuedza inorwadza kuziva chokwadi chokuti nokukurumidza achadaro. Mumufananidzo uyu, kufanana zvokufungidzira munyori, iyo kwese vanoverengeka mabasa mubereko kwatiri tenzi.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti chivezwa iyi mwoyo pashoo. Erzya pakarepo akazozivikanwa kwete chete se "Russian Rodin." Zvinofadza kuti munguva pfupi pamberi pashoo, yaifanira nechipiriso kwaari, wakashatiswa. Stepan Dmitrievich aifanira kudzosera chivezwa mumazuva 4 chete. Pari nzvimbo basa kuitwa chesamende haizivikanwi. Kune chete kutamba nayo.

Kutamira France

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya chivezwa iyo panguva iyoyo vakanga vatova kwazvo vakazivisa kose, muna 1910 akatamira France. kubudirira Great akanga kuratidzwa kwayo muMunich, Nice uye Milan. Museum iri Nice ane basa rake, vaitenga, uye oga vateresi. In Paris muna 1913 wakanyarara wokutanga Solo inoratidzirwa Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich. Biography ake panguva ino kwakaratidzwa kusikwa munhevedzano sculptural Portraits akaita arayire. Izvi zvakapa chinokosha kudzokera kuna tenzi. Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya, ane basa zviri kudiwa kukuru, nemusoro epurasitiki muenzaniso pakarepo. Saka anorayira akaurayiwa nokukurumidza - zvakanga zvakakwana kuti imwe kana mbiri muzvirongwa.

Vakadzi Portraits

Stepan Dmitrievich muna 1912 akasika mufananidzo mukadzi wake anodiwa, Marita. Izvi mufananidzo sculptural (a chakanaka kwakarerekera musoro, risingazivikanwi hafu-kunyemwerera), uyewo dzakananga nzira Modelling (contrastly ndokudzora chiso, texturally hombe kupatsanurwa bvudzi) mune ramangwana basa womufananidzo chichange kudzokororwa munyika dzinoverengeka Portraits zvevakadzi. In "mukadzi Norwegian", akasikwa 1914, muvezi nounyanzvi kukuru vakapfuura chakaoma ezvinhu kufunga heroine, hakusi zvakanakisa uye kwete saka mhandara. Iye anofunga kuti kana mufaro, kana mukusuwa.

Kudzokera Russia

Erzya muna 1914 akadzokera Russia. muvakidzani wake aiva ST Konenkov, izvo yekudyidzana uchiumba mberi basa tenzi. Stepan Dmitrievich akaunganidza muHondo Yenyika I, iye waiva pasi pokudzora Dr. H. O. Suteeva. Erzya akashanda ari kurapwa zvakarongeka. Chiremba, akanga pasi murayiro Stepan Dmitrievich, akanyora nyaya yake, azere zvinoshamisa adventures hwake kunze. Nyaya idzi vakazopiwa rakabudiswa.

Kumusha, nomuvezi akasika basa, kwete chete machena. Erzya uye akashandisa zvinhu zviri kujairika easel chivezwa (kongiri, simende). Uyezve, nyanzvi yokudhirowa akashandisa kongiri simbi Chips. Erzya kutanga aishanda mumuti. Izvi Ichibatsirwa ake ushamwari Konenkov, uyo aiva tenzi yakakurumbira rakasikwa emapuranga zvivezwa. Pakusarudza zvinhu vanobatwawo zvakaitika vana, izvo akagamuchira Stepan Dmitrievich, kumuyemura mabasa Mordvin chevarwere vemifananidzo, achiita chivezwa huni.

A rwendo kune Urals

Marble kwagara yakaramba kufarira zvinhu Erzya. Stepan Dmitrievich kunyange akaenda Mountains Ural kundotsvaka isingawanzowanikwi machena matombo. rwendo Izvi zvinoreva nguva kubva muna 1918 kusvika muna 1921. Panguva ino, nomuvezi aifanira kutsungirira zvose matambudziko wakaomarara post-echimurenga nguva uye hondo yevagari kwakatevedzana.

"Eve"

"Evha" - Erzya-anozivikanwa basa, yakaitwa 1919. Biblical tateguru akavezwa machena. Rinooneka kwatiri muchimiro kumusha pyshnoteloy moloduhi, ungwaru uye eroottinen panguva imwecheteyo. Izvi chivezwa mose mabasa vatenzi of Art Nouveau. Rinooma Style ichi rinoreva nguva inotungamirwa Erzya sezvo muvezi.

Hondo Yapera

Stepan Dmitrievich pamakore okutanga pashure pehondo vaigara Yekaterinburg uye Moscow, Batumi, Novorossiysk, Baku. Tenzi akadzidzisa, aiitawo zviitiko zvakarongwa nezviremera itsva. Erzya muna 1922 akaita Portraits pamusoro Akaki Tsereteli, shota Rustaveli, Ilia Chavchavadze. Akasika zvinotevera mabasa: "Leda uye Swan," "Amai", "Nendege". All zvisikwa izvi zvakaitwa namatanda. The Artist akasika uye decoration basa arayire. Vazhinji vavo havana vakapona. Pakati izvi, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti shongwe Karl Marx uye Freedom muna Yekaterinburg. Vose vari akaita ejecha zvinoshanda 1920. Pakati vasara mabasa nguva ino dzinoturwa zvakajeka simba, dzakadai House of Unions muna Baku. Mumwe anofunga kuti Erzya haana nhaka siyana izvi. Sezvakaita musoro uye bust pamusoro Lenin nokuda muvezi Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya.

Argentine nguva okugadzira zvinhu

Artist muna 1925 vakava nhengo Society of vavezi vemabwe Russian. Gore rakatevera akaenda France pamwe zvokuratidza yake, ipapo vakasarudza kudzokera kunyika yokumusha kwavo. Erzya vakagara kuArgentina, sezvo nyika dzokuEurope ndisingadi kutora "dzvuku muvezi." Saka vakatanga mumwe Danho idzva zvibereko muupenyu emhizha sezvo Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya.

Argentine nguva kukanganiswa zvakasimba okusika mavambo ari tenzi. Stepan Dmitrievich akatamira kunyika iyi, vakagara muimba duku riri kumucheto Buenos Aires. Iye erzya nguva kunoratidzwa muna omunharaunda kuratidzira mabasa ake, rakabudiswa achizvibhadharira zvaanoda kabhuku mashoko pamusoro pavo. Panguva iyi, chete mashoko Erzya akanga Algarrobo matanda quebracho, inobereka bedzi mumasango South America. Izvi zvinhu zvikuru nesimba, saka akabvunza Stepan Dmitrievich nesimba, basa rakaoma. The Artist akashandisa nodules, nodules, midzi miti, unobva zvandinenge nezvidimbu guruu. Muna 1932 iye akaita musoro-chifukidzo "Mosesi" (yaifananidzira pamusoro) Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya. Argentine nguva - zviri zvakare pakusikwa sculptural Portraits baba vake namai, "Lva Tolstogo" (1930). Muna 1944, nyanzvi yokudhirowa akaita basa "Man." Erzya akasikawo chine Portraits muduku nerunako.

Homecoming, okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Muna 1950, Erzya (Nefedov) Stepan Dmitrievich akadzokera USSR. Pamwe naye mungarava yakasvika anenge zvose zvivezwa ake (pamusoro 300 mabasa). Uyewo, yokudhirowa kwakaunza huni Algarrobo uye quebracho mabasa ake ramangwana. Takarongwa muMoscow muna 1954. The Solo inoratidzirwa Erzya kwakabudirira zvikuru.

Nomuvezi akafa musi waNovember 27, 1959 mu Saransk zvakasara tenzi huru, zvakanga zvechokwadi Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya. Photos akauya pamusoro guva rake.