State zviratidzo Russia: nhoroondo uye zvinoreva

MuRussia, sezvo neimwe nyika, kune vatatu pamutemo zviratidzo: mureza, chiratidzo uye chimbo. Vose vakanga aumba somugumisiro zhinji zvenhoroondo Piruetas. Evolution yeRussian ehurumende zviratidzo nharo uye inonakidza. Kazhinji, zvingaitwa itsva akanyatsosiyana anodzivisa tsaru. Kazhinji, kuvandudzwa National heraldry chinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: machinda (youmambo), Soviet uye ano.

flag Russia

Modern Russian Hurumende zviratidzo kutanga mureza. Rectangular chena-mutema-tsvuku mureza inozivikanwa ose ugere nyika. Chakazobvumwa tichishandisa ichangopfuura: muna 1993. Rinokosha chiitiko chakaitika pamusoro avaida kuitwa bumbiro idzva wehurumende. Panguva iyoyo panguva ivepo, nevanhu Russia akanga mireza maviri. Tsanangudzo yokutanga ndiyo yaishandiswa 1991-1993. Pane huru kusiyana maviri pakati shanduro mbiri runozivikanwa rwiyo. Flag of 1991-1993. aiva nhamba 2: 1 (urefu uye upamhi) uye akanga inozivikanwa se chena-red-azure, uye ayo mutsivi akawana nhamba 2: 3 uye mutemo achiri se chena, zvitema uye tsvuku.

Ano mamiriro zviratidzo Russian havasi kuumbwa kubva muvare. Somuenzaniso, saith-ruvara flag vagari vakatanga kushandisa dzimwe Misangano mikuru kuti hwapararira USSR mukupera 1980s - mangwanani kuma1990. Asi kunyange anofungidzirwa musi haagoni kunzi anokonzera chidzoke ane National chiratidzo chinokosha.

Petro jira

Nokuti kokutanga tricolor akamutswa shure muna 1693. Cloth fluttered pamusoro chikepe Peter I. Kuwedzera mapoka matatu akanga wakapindwa maviri misoro egondo. Saka kwenguva yokutanga kwete chena, zvitema uye tsvuku palette chete, asiwo Russian mamiriro zviratidzo vakasangana raishandiswa. Flag of Peter I akararama kusvikira nhasi. Zvino anochengeterwa Central Naval Museum. Iyi nzvimbo hakuna kusarudzwa netsaona. Mutsamba yake, autocrat rinonzi mureza akasuma kwavari "gungwa." Zvechokwadi, sezvo tricolor akafanana akanga zvakasimba chokuita rengarava.

The chete Peter A. akava musiki kuti Andrew kuti mureza. Saltire pamusana nezve kuroverwa Andreya Pervozvannogo, chiratidzo zvikepe kare ano. Saka nyika yedu pebhanhire zvakanyatsobatana muchiuto uye mamiriro zviratidzo Russia. Kana chena-mutema-tsvuku mureza, The Imperial nguva yava azviwanira chakakomba mukwikwidzi.

Black-yellow-chena ruvara

mashoko okutanga pamusoro petsanga chena dema-yellow-ndezvaJehovha yaitonga Anny Ioannovny (1730.). Sefungu kufarira yakafanana mureza chakaitika pashure World Second War pamusoro Napoleon paakatanga pachena nokuisa pamazororo.

Under Nicholas I, palette ichi yava nevakawanda kwete chete muchiuto, asi veHurumende. Pakupedzisira, pamutemo mamiriro chena dema-yellow-mureza aiva muna 1858. Chevaux Alexander II chirevo maererano iyo remadziro uyu akaenzana Imperial Stamp Duty, uye kubvira ipapo, chaizvoizvo chakashandiswa sezvo mureza. Saka chimwe chiratidzo vaisanganisa ne Russian ehurumende zviratidzo.

Imperial mureza

Chirevo 1858 Imperial mureza rakatanga kushandiswa kwose kwose pamutemo mienzaniso kupemberera, vaipemberera, zvivako pedo hurumende. Black ruvara zvinoreva kuti Stamp Duty gondo dema kaviri-vakananga. Yellow aiva midzi, kudanana kune Byzantine heraldry. White aiva ruvara Georgiya Pobedonostsa, pakusingaperi kwomwoyo.

Maererano chisarudzo musangano chaiye heraldic muna 1896 sechinhu Russian National uye kwakatenderwa yaPetro aimbova mureza. The kugadzwa zviri Nicholas II, iyo yakaitwa mwedzi mishomanana, maererano chena, zvitema uye tsvuku mavara. Zvisinei, vanhu yeyero uye vatema jira akaramba kuva akakurumbira pakati vanhu (somuenzaniso, Black Mazana). Nhasi, mureza weboka XIX remakore achinyanya chokuita vezvourudzi vokuRussia uye Romanov yaitonga.

kweSoviet

All chiratidzo Russia 3 vehurumende vakapona kweSoviet, umo pfungwa yekare vakanga yakatsvairwa zvakakwana kure uye akanganwa. Pashure 1917, vose Russian mureza vaitungamirirwa of facto nokurambidzwa. hondo Civil akavapa matswa: mavara zvino chokuita chena uye nyore kufamba Anti-Soviet.

Russian Hurumende zviratidzo achishandiswa nevanozvipikisa vazhinji Soviet Union, achida kusimbisa zvitupa pasinei mukirasi dzidziso. Panguva Great Patriotic Hondo chena-mutema-tsvuku mureza vakavhiyiwa Vlasov (sezvo St. Andrew kuti mureza - dzimwe pevatsigiri). Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi kana yava nguva kuparara Soviet Union, vokuRussia kamwe akayeuchidza zvakare naPetro mureza. Chinokosha mupfungwa iyi vave mumazuva August kubvuta masimba. Muna August 1991, vavengi venyika kubvuta masimba massively vaishandisa chena-mutema-yakatsvuka. Pashure pokukundwa ari kubvuta masimba ihwohwo vakagamuchirwa panguva batana chechetere.

MuSoviet Union mumakore 1924-1991. Zvinonzi pamutemo vaiona angwarire nenyundo uye rinopinza. RSFSR zvakafanana aiva yayo kuzivikanwa chiratidzo. Muna 1918-1954 gg. raiva dzvuku mureza ne "RSFSR" rakanyorwa. Ipapo tsamba akanyangarika. Muna 1954-1991 gg. dzvuku paneeli rinoshandiswa ane jeko nyundo, nyeredzi uye mutsetse zvitema kuruboshwe mucheto.

gondo kaviri

Pasina nguo kwezvombo uye nhoroondo uto mamiriro zviratidzo Russia kwaizova kukwana. ano Shanduro Its kubvumirwa muna 1993. Hwaro murwiyo - vaviri misoro egondo. Nhoo vanoratidzwa Georgiy Pobedonosets tichibaya nyoka (dhiragoni). Two zvimwe zvaida hunhu - orb uye tsvimbo. The pamutemo chiratidzo nemunyori ano - People kuti Artist yeRussian Federation Evgeniy Uhnalev. In mufanidzo ake akapfupikisa pfungwa dziri mudzidziso siyana eras kare munyika.

Zviratidzo mamiriro simba muRussia kazhinji anopikisana. Saka, muna 1992-1993. pamutemo mufananidzo waiva mufananidzo nenyundo uye nejeko chishongo nenzeve. In ichi pfupi, ari kudzidzira, rave richishandiswa sechiratidzo ichi, uye uya raishandiswa kare RSFSR.

dzoumambo Print

Coat zvombo, uyewo mamwe mamiriro uye zviratidzo uto Russia ine nhoroondo midzi. Ivo siya mumazuva kwomuchinda simba mangwanani. Nyanzvi dzinotaura kuti chiratidzo Ages zvifananidzo zvaishandiswa pamusoro zvisimbiso rokutanga. Moscow anofambisa kwaizvozvi akaswedera silhouettes dzavo dzechiKristu vanyengetereri.

Muna 1497 iri Russian heraldry akaoneka vakananga chapungu. Yake yokutanga muchisviniro yavo aishandisa Grand Prince Ivan III. Anonzwisisa kukosha mamiriro zviratidzo Russia. Nhoroondo yacho yave hunonyatsobatana yeOrthodox Byzantine Empire. Raiva madzimambo Greek, Ivan III uye Vakakwereta ngano shiri. With chiratidzo ichi, akasimbisa kuti Russia - mutsivi ichangobva yanyura kupinda yokukanganwa Byzantium.

The nguvo maoko Russian Empire

The nguvo maoko Russian Empire kumbobvira kunofambira mberi. Akachinja nguva zhinji uye zvishoma nezvishoma akava kuoma. Romanovsky mufananidzo rinosanganisa zvakawanda zvinhu kusiyanisa yekare Russian mamiriro zviratidzo. Nhoroondo "kuibvisa" chacho ari chokuita miganhu pfuma umambo. Nokuswedera gondo dema miviri musoro pamwe nguva yakawedzerwa nhoo diki, chinotaura kuda ushe Kazan, Astrakhan, Polish, etc ...

Kunzwisisa kwakaita Zvinoumba nguvo maoko akazoita kuti muna 1882 versioner matatu chiratidzo National ichi: Small, nomutoo uye makuru. Zvino chapungu, uyewo ano, vakagamuchira tsvimbo uye orb. Other zvinoumba ndiwo: Georgiy Pobedonosets, ngowani Alexander Nevsky mufananidzo Inokuponesai Gabriel uye Michael. Figure korona siginicha mutsvuku "Sh Us Bog!". Muna 1992, kuti Constitutional Commission mvumo nekubatwa gondo youmambo rakasviba sezvo Russian jasi kwezvombo. Pfungwa haana akaziva nokuda vakatadza kuvhota ari Supreme Soviet.

Sando, jeko uye nyeredzi

Vaiuya simba pashure pokuchinja, Bolsheviks vakatanga jasi Soviet zvombo 1923. Its chitarisiko haana kuchinja kusvikira pokuwa USSR. The chete utsanzi raiva kuwedzera tsvuku tepi idzva, izvo maererano nokuwanda Union Republics zvakanyorwa mitauro kudaidzwa, "Vashandi kunyika dzose, vanobatana!". Muna 1923, kwakanga 6, 1956 - kare 15. Asati asapinda Omani SSR mu RSFSR matepi vaitova 16.

Hwaro nguvo maoko aiva mufananidzo sando uye nejeko zuva uye pakanyorwa pose. Pamwe kumicheto murwiyo yakanga yakaitwa nzeve, pakavakirwa curled tepi kukosheswa sirogani. Central pasi akanga chinyorwa mumutauro wokuRussia. Pamusoro nguvo maoko korona shanu-rwakavakwa nyeredzi. The mufananidzo aiva yayo Pfungwa zvinoreva sezvo mamwe mamiriro zviratidzo Russia. Kukosha nhamba zvikazikamwa kune vose vomunyika - Soviet Union yakanga motokari rehondo proletariat uye vanhuwo zvavo nevanhu pasi pose.

Russian National Anthem

Official mamiriro zviratidzo Russia, kukosha, nhoroondo uye zvimwe zvinobatanidzwa yokudzidza sayenzi heraldry yavo. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kune mureza uye dzokurwa maoko mifananidzo, kunewo rwenyika. Pasina hazvibviri kufungidzira chero mamiriro. Modern Russian Anthem - mugari wenhaka kuti Soviet rwenyika. Chakazobvumwa muna 2000. Ndiyo "gotwe" mamiriro chiratidzo Russia.

Author mumhanzi Anthem - munyori uye vanhu Artist of USSR Alexander Alexandrov. The nomuimbirwo rakanyorwa naye muna 1939. Makore 60 gare gare akavhotera pahwo State Duma, vakapfuura rugwaro President Russian Vladimir Putin pamusoro rwenyika itsva.

Vamwe sunga kwakaitika apo kuziva chinyorwa. Poems nokuti rwenyika Soviet akanyora nyanduri Sergei Mikhalkov. Pakupedzisira, pakaitwa basa rave kushandisa shanduro itsva ayo zvimwe rwezuva. Panyaya iyi, tichifunga kushandisa zvose vayo.

"Mwari Ponesa chamber!"

Yokutanga Russian wehurumende rumbo senguva dzose pfungwa yeshoko rakanga rwiyo "Mwari Ponesa chamber." It raishandiswa 1833-1917 biennium. The initiator pamusoro pakuonekwa youmambo rwenyika raiva Nikolai I. In yokufamba ake kuburikidza Europe, iye nguva dzose akasangana imwe vachinyara ezvinhu: vairidza nomutsa nyika vairidza chete pachake mimhanzi yaunonyanya. Russia se ayo "kutarisana mumhanzi" vaisagona kuzvirumbidza. The mambo akarayira kururamisa yakanyangara mamiriro ezvinhu.

Music nokuti anthem Empire akanyora munyori uye kondakita Aleksey Lvov. Munyori acho aiva nyanduri Vasily Zhukovsky. With veMubatanidzwa simba Soviet youmambo rwenyika akanga akagura kuti refu kwete chete nezvinhu asiwo ndangariro mamiriyoni evanhu nguva. Kokutanga pashure refu yokumbozorora, "Mwari Ponesa chevaux" muchinangwa "The Akanyarara Don" dzomufirimu muna 1958.

"The Internationale" uye anthem USSR

Kusvikira 1943 hurumende yeSoviet sezvo wayo rwenyika uye vakashandisa dzakawanda proletarian "The Internationale". Under mutinhimira uyu kuchinja pasi payo panguva Civil War, Red Army akapinda chiito. Epakutanga rakanyorwa imwe anarchist French Ezhenom Pigane. Basa akazviratidza 1871 mune yenhamo mumazuva mugovanisi kufamba, vakakundikana apo Paris Tauriranai.

Makore 17 gare gare, Pierre Degeyter Fleming akanyora rugwaro Pottier mumhanzi. Zvinoguma chaiwo, "The Internationale". Kupinda Russian Anthem Text rakashandurwa Arkady Kotsem. Zvibereko basa rake rakanga kudhindwa muna 1902. "The Internationale" raishandiswa senzira Soviet rwenyika panguva apo Bolsheviks vachiri kurota wenyika chimurenga. Izvi kwaiva Nguva Communist International uye kusikwa masero rechiKomonisiti mune dzimwe nyika.

With pakatanga Hondo Yenyika II, Stalin vakasarudza kuchinja pfungwa pfungwa. Haana kuda nyika chimurenga, asi rakanga kuenda kuvaka itsva zvikuru centralized umambo, takapoteredzwa satellites zhinji. Change chaizvoizvo akabvunza mumwe chimbo. Muna 1943, "International" akapa nzira korasi itsva (Alexandrov) uye rugwaro (Mikhalkov).

"Patriotic Rwiyo"

Muna 1990-2000 gg. ari mamiriro wokuRussia rwenyika akaramba "Patriotic Rwiyo", rakanyorwa munyori Mihailom Glinkoy kare 1833. Gangaidzo chokwadi kuti paaigara pamutemo mamiriro rwiyo haana azviwanira kuzivikanwa wenyaya. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, rwenyika kwakaitwa pasina mashoko. Kusavapo rugwaro hwakajeka aiva mumwe zvikonzero yaitsiva Glinka raMwari tichiimba nziyo Melody Alexandrova.