Somudzidzisi Canada tega Basketball

Kusiyana kwakadaro akakurumbira chikwata anoranga akadai nhabvu, hockey uye yebaseball, vakashanduka zvishoma nezvishoma, basketball chikwereti chacho Kuonekwa chinoshamisira oga muvambi. mutambo uyu akaberekerwa akavonga kuna Jakobho Naismith, muviri dzidzo mudzidzisi North America. Chokwadi, nhasi yokutanga Basketball mitemo dzakachinjwa uye akavandudzika, zvichengeteke chete huru dzekutanga mutambo. Zvisinei, kuti achiripo 13 mitemo wokutanga, kudhindwa pamapeji maviri typewritten. Ndiyo nguva yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora nhoroondo akakurumbira mutambo.

Utsinye dzechando pamusoro North America

Dzheyms Neysmit aishanda somudzidzisi dzidzo panyama panguva Springfield chikoro dzakawanda kurovedzwa uye ayo vadzidzi nokuti varombo mamiriro okunze kazhinji vakamanikidzwa kurovedza kwete mumigwagwa, uye yokurovedza muviri. chikwata chake vaida chakakomba muviri, uye monotonous kurovedza muhoro wakangosuruvara nokukurumidza. Kunyange dzakachinjwa ezvinhu kuti pakugovera Football vasingagoni kuponesa zvinhu. Mugore iroro, guta Springfield (Massachusetts) akanga akafukidzwa nechando atova mukupera kwematsutso. On mumigwagwa mupopoti blizzard kuti achiita vose: pavakakumukiraiwo vadzidzi, uye nzvimbo mabhosi.

Mavhiki maviri nokugadzirwa

gamba redu, pasinei pauduku hwake, uye gore dzidziso basa rechipiri, aizivikanwa somunhu innovator. Hazvishamisi kuti iye akapiwa nokugadzirwa chomutambo, izvo zvichaita tichiwana irrepressible simba vadzidzi mumwedzi yechando. All vhiki mbiri chete akapiwa pamusoro zvose.

Three zvinodiwa zvinokosha

Pakutanga,-makore 31 aibva kuCanada akadzidza ruzivo dzimwe chikwata mitambo, kuti kuvatorera chete chinokosha. Mune maonero innovator vaiva nhabvu, yebaseball, hockey, Rugby uye Lacrosse. mitambo balls dzirege kutadzira vatambi (havasati kugamuchira ruzivo), simba hondo pakati vorongerwa zvinofanira kuchengetwa kushoma (uchitsanya yedzimudzangara naye), uyewo placement pamusoro mhete kumusoro vatambi: Saka nhatu huru zvinodiwa kuti mutambo mutsva akanga hwokurara.

"Duck pamusoro Rock"

Hapana akakurumbira chikwata mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, mitambo usingakwani muchikwata zvakakwana zvinodiwa Naismith. Zvino murairidzi vakayeuka sei sezvo mwana vakomana muchivanze, kazhinji vakanga mafaro nokutamba "Dhadha padombo." Mitemo vaive: a mutambi aifanira kuwana ibwe pamusoro "matombo" (. Uprofita kukura ibwe) Paaiva mwana, remangwana vakatanga Basketball kunzwisisa kuti kukunda haasi munhu runodzingira zvokuvapfuura, asi uyo achawana akakwana uzvirasire nzira. Rakanga riri muruoko womukomana, nokuti haana akaratidza anoshamisa anthropometric data, kunyange zvazvo akanga kusimba zvatinogadzira hazvigoni kunyatsotevedzera zvinoita uye simba. Saka, mwana wacho mutambo wenyika Canadian vakomana raiva hwaro hwemhando itsva kuti mutambo.

munda zuva

December 21, 1896 Dzheyms Neysmit vaibvisa yokurovedza muviri wechikoro kuti jimunasitikisi zvokushandisa, akaisa remuti pakakwirira, kusiya chete bhora. Akabvunza janita kuunza mabhokisi maviri uye ugoisa navo balconies. Asi pachinzvimbo mabhokisi murume akauya tswanda mapichisi pasi. Kwete dzichibvisa pasi, Naismith vakanochengeta "midziyo" pazasi muvharanda pakatarisana kumativi muhoro. Chinoshamisa, urefu ichi - mamita 3 5 masendimita - ichiri pakati Basketball mitemo kuchinja. Business nokuti diki: vakasiya kuunganidza chikwata.

The muvambi kwakaita vadzidzi, akavakamura kuva zvikwata zviviri, mumwe nomumwe akanga 9 vanhu. Akapa vatambi vake bhora, uye akavaratidza Tswanda dzakanga arovererwa panguva imwe kuguma horo. Next Naismith vakataura pfungwa: chikwata chimwe nechimwe aifanira kukanda bhora mudengu vaimushora. Muzvinapembe pembe wakaridza, nhoroondo, kutanga munyika, nyama yemhuka Basketball rakatanga.

Wokutanga mutambo

Pakaziviswa chete nokutonga: mumwe munhu aifanira kugara muvharanda uye peta pasi bhora rakabayirwa mutswanda nyaya uzvirasire yakarurama. Zvisinei, kusavapo nhungamiro nokuti vatambi nokukurumidza kwakaita kuti matambudziko. Teens dzakasarudza kuti unogona kutambira tsoka dzako kana kutora imwe goko pamuvengi. Naismith vasina nguva vaparadzane vadzidzi vavo. Kurwa nokuti bhora zvaiva zvakadaro tsika uye chisimba, kuti mumwe kuyaruka pakutanga mutambo chakabereka "munhu dislocated mafudzi, apo mumwe akanga agogodza panze. "Zvakanga ndangofanana kurwa mumugwagwa kana kurwa pasina mitemo" - sezvo pava paya kuzivikanwa muna rimwe kwazvo akazvitutumadza vakatanga basketball.

Naismith vaitarisira kukundikana pashure yokutanga machisa. Fungidzira kushamisika kwaakaita apo vakomana vakamupoteredza chipangamazano uye vakatanga kukumbira kuti kutamba zvakare. Pasinei kutsvinyirwa, itsva wenhabvu varambe vachifara kuyaruka. Naizvozvo, mudzidzisi aifanira kukurumidza kuzozivisa zvimwe kwazvo nezvatisingagoni. Mazuva akawanda akapedzerwa kuitira kuti mudzidzisi muviri tsika yakatanga 13 mitemo aidhindwa pamapeji maviri munyori. Information, kwakasarudzwa unotara pamusoro pamadziro yokurovedza muviri. Saka, mumwe mutambi yakatsaurirwa kuna tambo.

Kutanga mitemo

Mutemo anokosha aiva kuti mutambi ane bhora, haagoni kurwiswa. utsanzi Izvi zvaizobatsira kuti pasave nehondo uye kurwa. mutambo Next akaratidza kuti Naismith akanga achifunga mugwara. Vatambi vakatanga kuita nokukurumidza zvisarudzo akavabatsira kuita nokukurumidza. Zvisinei fouls ane anokumhan'arira rwakabata bhora, achiri. Naismith akaona musumo emamiriro vakasununguka runodzingira, asi vakasiya pfungwa iyi paakaziva kuti vadzidzi vakakurumidza ishe magadzirirwo rokuurayira.

Uyezve, muvambi rakatarisana nedambudziko idzva: pakudzivirira vatambi akakurumidza kuona kuti mazano yokusawirirana kuduku fouls uye inobhadhara mibayiro. Saka, akamanikidzwa ataure nomurau chirango pamusoro-chikwata fouls. Vatambi vanorambidzwa kuisa vavengi nhanho, kusunda, amurove, mutsigirire anokumhan'arira uye kudzivirira mupumburu kupinda chinangwa. Pakutanga, mutambo chaiva zvikamu zviviri yemaminitsi 15. Saka, kutongwa uye kukanganisa, nemirayiridzo nokuti nyama yemhuka Basketball vokutanga yapihwa.

Zita mutambo

Rakafuridzirwa vadzidzi kunoburitsa mutambo mutsva rinonzi "Naismith-bhora." Zvisinei, muvambi haana kuda kumanikidza pfungwa yake munhu, uye pfungwa imwe nzira zita rine mazwi maviri - «tswanda bhora», zvinoreva "Tswanda-bhora".

Wongororo Good pachaunga

Voruzhinji yakava vakajairana mutambo mutsva mushure Bhuku laudatory nyaya yakakurumbira reThe Triangle. Sezvo February 15, 1892 pamusoro Basketball akadzidza yose America. Vasiyana nyaya 13 mitemo (kana munhu kubva zvemitambo mafeni mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika yacho achida kutamba Basketball yake ndisina nguva.) Mukugumisa, munyori nyaya rinosimbisa chiremera mutambo mutsva: kukura nzira dzinokosha mafungiro uye chinoratidza kukura tsandanyama kuti mutambo uyu bhora nani nokudzidziswa .

The brainchild Naismith akakurumidza abatwa pane dzimwe zvivako mudzidzi

Basketball American College akakurumidza kupararira. Zvichida hakuna mumwe mutambo, kukwidziridzwa izvo zvaizoitika nokukurumidza zvakadaro. Ida chirango idzva vakanonga nemusikana. Kuenda nzvimbo, majaya vatambi vakapfeka blouses uye mudhebhe. Zvinoita sokuti mutambo uyu zvikuru zvechikadzi kupfuura ine nhabvu.

Somudzidzisi akava murayiridzi

Chokwadi, Dzheyms Neysmit haana kugara kure Basketball tiguu. Nechekare muna 1898 akanga ashanda sezvo murairidzi paYunivhesiti Kansas Basketball chikwata chokutanga. Panguva yaaiva murairidzi Basketball muvambi aifanira kutarisa kuchinja ayo 13 mitemo. Pakupedzisira pasi mabhasikiti zvabviswa, uye ipapo akatsiva zvakakwana netting marin'i; vakasununguka runodzingira vava chinokosha mutambo; uye dribbling (dribbling) akazviratidza muna 1901. Pakutanga, maererano nemitemo Naismith nhamba vatambi dzinosiyana 3 kusvika 40. Zvisinei, mune imwe kamuri duku pasi vatambi akakurumidza kuona kuti kutamba 5 pamusoro 5 - rakanakira.