Social zvinhu anthropogenesis: boka kutsigirana, munzanga upenyu ... vatyairi anthropogenes

Kana uchitenda Darwin akati murume hwakabva netsoko. Kana fungazve maturakiti echitendero, ipapo zvose munyika, kusanganisira munhu, Mwari akasika. Uye kana isu kuna kuongorora kuchangobva kuitwa, kungava kuti mhuka nevanhu hwakabva mumwe vamiririri megungwa. Zvichida, pachava zvikuru kwevanhu richava nharo nezvemavambo Homo sapiens vechokwadi. Asi zvisiri zvomumuviri anthropogenesis yagara nesayenzi, saka unofanira kufunga navo.

Chii anthropogeny?

Chokutanga tinofanira kutanga, tsanangudzo iyi pfungwa. Hapana zvakavimbika mashoko nezvematangiro munhu wokutanga, asi sainzi runoita kuti kuronda muitiro waro kukura uye inotungamirwa. Human shanduka - ndiwo inotungamirwa yevanhu nedanho shanduka. Izvi zvinosanganisira kwomuviri, kuti chidzoke kutaura, kusikwa zvishandiso pakubatsirana nzira akkommodasie. Somugumisiro iyi, munhu aigona achaparadzana dzimwe mhuka uye vanotanga kukudziridza somunhu, akangwara mhando.

Chinonyanya nesayenzi dzidziso mhenyu anthropogenesis ndiye yaDarwin yokushanduka-shanduka. Kushanduka zvimwe zvipenyu zvakasiyana kubva dzevanhu anthropogenesis. Chokutanga hunodzorwa chete mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa. Man, zvinopesana nemitemo iyi, ndakakwanisa kuona zvavanokwanisa uye kushandisa navo tsika, kuchinja zvakatipoteredza huenderane zvaunoda.

Key zvinhu

Human shanduka - inofanira kuva munhu. Asi sezvo imi munoziva, vanhu - pasocial munhu, saka kwayo zvine zvazvinoita pakukura kwete chete vasiri zvinhu. Saka, mukufamba shanduka pakava dzinongoitika vakasarudzwa kuti akabvumira kupukunyuka akasimba vanhu chete. Somugumisiro, izvi zvakaita kuti kuchinjwa majini simba kuti nani rudzi nerimwe. Uyu ndiwo mumwe chikuru zvoutachiona zvinoita kuti wakaita basa guru iri kutanga kwekupwanyiwa anthropogenesis. Izvi akapa murume wacho mukana kukura mumuviri, kuti kuva vakashinga uye dzakashandisa.

Uyewo, Friedrich Shona kairatidza kuti chidzoke womunhu kwemarudzi yakawanda kufurirwa pasocial zvinhu anthropogenesis. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• Kufunga.
• Speech.
• Employment.
• The chido chokurarama mumapoka.

Biological uye munzanga zvinhu anthropogenesis zvaitwa "kubva nemaape murume." Panguva apo mamiriro ekunze anochinja, ungaderedza dondo nzvimbo, Homo sapiens vakanga vajairana: kumira nemakumbo (bipedalism), ndinosika nematurusi kuwana chikafu, kuumba mapoka kuti vazvidzivirire pazvikara.

zvokukura anthropogenesis

Kuva munhu akatora mamiriyoni akawanda. Kubva musi wokutanga nemaape patsoka dzacho, kusvikira apo vakatanga kubatana mune boka, zvakatorera zviuru akawanda. Kazhinji, kutevedzana kuti anthropogenesis chinogona kukamurwa huru muzvikamu zvitatu:

1. Anthropoid madzitateguru. Izvi zvinosanganisira primates, kuti anogona kufamba takasununguka maviri makumbo rezasi uye kushandisa nyore zvinhu, zvakadai mabwe, tumiti, mapfupa.
2. Paleoanthropes. Kana vanhu vekare. Ivo vakagara mumapoka maduku (Nzanga) kunge pfungwa kuti kuvhima, vakadzidza kuita nyore zvinhu zvokushandisa, akararama mumapako uye vakakwanisa kuita moto. Externally chinhu somurume.
3. Neanthropines. Nemamiriro muviri muviri zvakakwana zvinoenderana murume ano. Vane unyanzvi chinyakare yokukurukurirana. Kunze kuvhima, kumorwa michero nemiriwo. Vaiziva sei kuvaka dzimba, kupendwa rusvingo mifananidzo, kubva namatehwe emhuka akafa vakasonanidza nguo.

Social zvinhu anthropogenesis

Anthropogenesis haasi Linear uye anotsvedzerera muitiro, Panguva imwe neimwe yayo aumbwa zvishoma dzenzvimbo zvinokura aparadzane nomumwe. Uyezve, mumwe nomumwe kufamba izvi zvinova honzeri pamudzi kwaita itsva nzira kukura. Saka, apo paiva pamwe nesimba, pakava nokudiwa kutaura, kutungamirira zviito zvavo. Ipapo murume tega mutauro. Uyewo, mutauro waiva yoga kukura, uye mukufamba kare, vanhu vave vachikwanisa kutamira kubva kutaura kunyora. A mutauro wakanyorwa razova vakazadzwa epithets, madimikira, mitemo uye dzimwe majana chomutsara.

izvi zvose akava zvichibvira anoonga shanduka evanhu zvinhu. In zvachose pane ina evanhu zvinhu aiva mukuru nezvichazoitika iri kutanga kwekupwanyiwa anthropogenesis. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• Accommodation muboka.
• Kuvandudza kushanda zvinhu.
• Total basa basa.
• Improvement basa kwendangariro.

Zvino tarira, mumwe nomumwe wavo zvizere.

Accommodation muboka

Shure murume namakumbo maviri, akaona kuti zviri nani zvikuru nesangano yavo mhando. Group pamwe akabvumira okutanga vanhu kunovhima chayabata guru, uye zvakachengeteka kufamba mune pakachena nomunzvimbo dzine. Accommodation muboka akapa murume nguva modernize zvokushandisa. Haana kuti kuramba ari kungwarira, saka zvose handingadariki nguva yake chakatsaurwa kuti chisikwa zvekushandisa chitsva uye kukura itsva kuvhima nzira. In nerimwe boka kuti basa raro: Varume aivhima zvokudya, apo vakadzi nehanya nevakwegura nevana. Somugumisiro kuparadzira munataisireva ungaderedza kufa.

Kuvandudza kushanda zvinhu

Improvement zvekushandisa zvaisazova zvinobvira pasina kuchinjwa ruzivo uye unyanzvi kubva vakuru muduku. Ndokusaka vakwegura vanoremekedzwa. Vaikwanisa kukuudzai kuvhima, iyo miti inogona kudyiwa, sei kuti asike zvokushandisa uye zvichingodaro. D. Nhoroondo inoratidza rakapona chete avo nemapoka kuti vave mukuru vadzidzisi noruzivo, ivo vaikwanisa ruzivo rwavo kuchizvarwa chevechiduku.

Groups kuti aiva nezvombo zvakawanda yepamusoro, aigona kugara zvakanaka munharaunda, displacing vamwe vagari nzvimbo zvishoma akakodzera upenyu. Somugumisiro, rakapona kupfuura nimble uye anokurumidza witted, uyo asina chete akatora pamusoro chiitiko vamwe, asi kuti mukwanisi nacho, unozvipa nezivo itsva.

Total basa basa

Nemhaka seboka anovhima, mukuru co-kuvapo uye kupararira zvakaitika mukuru vedzinza, vanhu vacho mukana wokupona. Asi izvi zvose zvaida chinokosha anonongedzera kuchinjana ruzivo. Kukura pamwe mabasa muna Group rava chikonzero chokutaura.

Pakutanga, vanhu kukurukurirana kuburikidza nemasaini, chiso chavo uye munhu ruzha. The undeveloped dokeriro zvishoma nezvishoma yakatanga kuva Vocal midziyo, uye murume akakwanisa kudzidza nzira itsva nekufambisa mashoko.

Kusiyana, yepamusoro mhuka kuti sei nokuchinja zvakatipoteredza achishandisa nhengo nokuona, kunzwa uye kunhuhwidza, vanhu vaiva nomukana kushandisa wechipiri chiratidzo hurongwa. Homo sapiens anokwanisa kushandisa mashoko kuronga zviitiko nenzira pfupi mashoko. Uyu ndiwo mumwe mukuru kusiyana pakati nezvipfuwo, pachangu inoti, izvo akayambuka, murume akava mukuru zvakasikwa.

Kuvandudza upenyu

Kuvapo Kutaura kwemajoini basa uye kusimbisa ukama pakati vanhu mumapoka. Vakatanga kushanda pamwe chete nani. Asi kumativi ose dzaiva mamwe mapoka avo chero nguva aigona kusundira vorongerwa mundima dziri kufanirwa ugaro. Uyewo, okunze akanga nezvimwewo, asi zvakanga zvakakodzera kurarama.

Maererano mukirasi iyi yekare vanhu vakatanga kuvandudza. Chinhu chokutanga kuti vakatanga - zviri Ezvemutauro. Gare gare, mamwe kwakatooma uye basa kurongedza pachavo. Kunze kuvhima, vanhu vakatanga kuungana michero uye miriwo, dzimwe nguva kunyange atora uchi nenyuchi dzemusango. Asi chikuru basa nedanho anthropogenesis zvechokwadi kwakabatsira kushandisa moto. Yakabikwa zvokudya zvakanga tastier zvikuru. Uyezve, zvokudya kwakadaro hakuiti vapinze masticatory midziyo, uye pashure mireniyumu Tsoko simba kutsenga tsandanyama uye mapfupa unobatanidza vavo vakarasikirwa kukosha kwavo.

yokugumisa kutaura

Pashure kuonekwa zvakajeka rwokutaura vanhu akaona chinokosha kukura cerebral cortex. Uyewo, izvi zvakaita kuti mafungiro akaita kupona kwacho hakusi chaizvo saka haakundiki.

Social Zvinhu anthropogenesis zvange muitiro wokuva munhu. Asi vangadai zvisingabviri pasina kutanga kuchinja chaiko. Uye zvaizoitawo zvimwe kuchinja vasiri kwakaitika nokuda evanhu zvinhu achityaira shanduka.

Muitiro wokuva murume akatora mamiriyoni akawanda. Modern murume - kunobva refu ngetani kuchinja, izvo Kunoguma nhoroondo kumuganhu; kubva musi wokutanga nemaape patsoka dzacho, kusati kwatombova michina mitsva.