Skeleton yechiri chepamusoro. Mabasa emasaga emakumbo epamusoro

Mukati yekushanduka-shanduka, skeleton yemakumbo evanhu akachinja zvikuru. Saka, makumbo, kuita mabasa ekufambisa uye kutsigira, chengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwemuviri munzvimbo yakatarisa, uye maoko akava zvishandiso zvebasa. Zvadaro, regai tiongorore zvakadzama masaga emuyo wepamusoro: chimiro nemabasa ayo anoita.

General information

Mafupa emakumbo epamusoro evanhu akawana kuwanda kukuru panguva yep phygenesis. Pamusana pekuvapo kwechirvicvicle, iyo inogonesa kuwirirana kwemapfupa emaoko nemaitiro, vanhu vanogona kuita zvakanyanya kufamba. Mukuwedzera, zvikamu zvinopinda mumapfupa echinhu chepamusoro chepachena chinogona kutaurirana. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kune nzvimbo yoruoko uye shanduko. Mabasa emakumbo emakumbo epamusoro akawandisa. Maoko akafananidzwa nemhando dzakaoma dzebasa rebasa. Pamusana pekuvapo kwemazana akawanda emapfupa uye articulations, minwe inogona kuita basa rakasiyana-siyana: kubva pakunyorera kusvika kuunganidza nzira ipi zvayo. Mutsika, unoita sechikamu chekufamba uye kutsigirwa kwedu muhara, kunosanganisira mamwe masimba uye masimba masimba. Kushamwaridzana kwavo kune mumwe nomumwe hakuna kukosha. Mafupa emakumbo epasi neakaderera anoumbwa maererano nesarudzo yakawanda. Inosanganisira zvikamu zviviri.

Dhipatimendi remasaga emucheto wepamusoro: bone rebhanti

Chikamu ichi chinosanganisira:

• Edza. Inomiririrwa semutatu wepafupa. Iko kune mitsara mitatu mujasi. Kunyanya, kune chekupedzisira, chepakati uye chepamusoro. Uyewo mu-scapula pane ma matatu matatu. Imwe-yakadzika, yechipiri - yepakati, uye yechitatu - yekupedzisira, maererano. Iyo sopapula iri pedo nechemberi kwebhokisi. Inowanikwa munharaunda pakati pe II-VII nenyuchi. Mune chikamu pane pane cavity. Iyo inoshanda kushamwaridzana ne clavicle. Chiratidzo chinowanikwa kubva kumashure kwepamusoro pekudzidzira. Iko iri kutenderera. Izvi zvinoshandiswa pamuromo we scapula, iyo inoparadzanisa subacute uye suppurative fossa.
• Clavicle. Iyo inomiririrwa seS S yakaita somumvupa wefu. Inoparadzanisa migumo miviri - mafudzi (acromial) uye sternum, uye muviri. Chikara chechipiri ndicho chinhu choga chinoshandiswa nemapapiro emakumbo epamusoro evanhu anobatanidza nefupa romuti. Sternum kuguma kwemukati yakasimbiswa. Iyo inobatana nechibato che sternum. Iko kugadzika kwepafudzi mapapiro kwakabatana nebandauko remafudzi.

Chikamu chechipiri

Mariri, masaga echikamu chepamusoro ane ruvoko, chitubu uye imwe yefudzi. Chikamu chekupedzisira chinomiririrwa nerimwe bone - humerus. Bhuroshi inosanganisira finger phalanges, pastern uye wrist. Zvinhu zviviri zvinoratidzirwa zvinoratidzika muchikwata chemukoko. Inomiririrwa nehota uye mapafu emhara.

Pfupa bone

Iyo inowanikwa nenzira yehutur long long element. Mufupa, diaphysis (muviri) uye 2 epiphyses (magumo) anosiyana: kumusoro uye pasi. Ikutanga inotenderera musoro wepamusoro. Iyo inoshanda kushamwaridzana ne scapula. Mugumo wekumusoro unoparadzaniswa nemuviri nemutsipa weatomical. Pasi payo, kune kunze, pane hillocks (kumusoro) - maduku uye makuru. Vanoparadzaniswa nehombe. Chikamu chiduku mumutumbi, chiri pedo nemusoro, chinonzi "mutsara wokuvhiya". Pamusoro pepfupa panewo tuberosity. Inoshanda senzvimbo yekubatanidza musana we deltoid. Epa epiphysis yepasi ine chinyararire uye inopinda mu condyle. Iyo inoshanda kushamwaridzana muhutano nemapfupa eRalal uye ulna.

Kufungidzira

Muchikamu ichi, masaga echikwata chepamusoro anosanganisira zvinhu zviviri:

• The ulna. Inorara pamukati mukati memunwe muduku (V finger). Mugumo wekumusoro wechikamu uri mukuru. Inoparadzanisa matanho maviri: kumashure kwegonhi uye pamberi - coronary. Izvo zvakaparadzana necheki yakagadzirwa nemadziro ekubatanidza nefupa refudzi. Icho kunze (lateral) chikamu chekoronoid inosanganisira kuiswa kwema radial. Iyo inoumba chibatanidze nechitenderedzwa. Pamugumo wepasi, ulna inoumba musoro. Iyo inosiyanisa nzvimbo yakarongeka mumutowo wechitenderedzwa chekubatana nechokudzivirira mukati mutsva. Pakati pepakati (medial) rutivi ipurogiramu yeprotoloid.
• Radial bone. Iyo inoratidzwa nenzira yechirefu chetambo chechirwere. Inotsika pfupa remhepo yakananga pamwe nechokunze kubva kune rumwe rutivi (guru) rwekutanga. Mugumo wayo wokumusoro unoumbwa ne-cylinder head. Iine articular fossa uye denderedzwa. Iyo yekumusoro inoguma mumapfupa e-radial uye e-ulnar inobatanidzwa pakuumbwa kwekubatana. Chikamu chepasi chinonzi ulnar incision, a subulate lateral process. Iko kunewo carpal articular pamusoro. Mativi ekumusoro emapfupa e-radial uye ulnar anoita musangano wechipfuva nemutsara wepamusoro wemapfupa emapfupa.

Brush

Mafupa echinhu chepamusoro munzvimbo iyi anomiririrwa nemapfupa ewrist, pastern neminwe. Nharaunda yekutanga inowanikwa nemitsetse miviri yemapfupa mashoma mapfupa (mana mune imwe neimwe). Muchiuno chepafu rinotaura. Rutivi rwekumusoro rwemutsara wekutanga runobatana neyero, kuburikidza nepamusoro pepamusoro. Chikamu chechikamu chechipiri chinosangana nheyo ye metacarpal zvinhu. I pastern inomiririrwa nemapfupa mashanu mafupa mashoma. Kutanga kuverenga kubva kumunwe mukuru. Imwe neimwe metacarpal bone ine musoro, nheyo uye muviri. Chinhu chokutanga chinotaurwa nechepamusoro phalanx mumunwe unoenderana . Phalanges inotapira mapfupa mashoma. Vane musoro, nheyo uye muviri. Mune zvinhu zviviri zvekutanga, nzvimbo dzakasarudzwa dzinosiyaniswa. Munzvimbo yepamusoro phalanges chikamu ichi chine chibatanidzi ne musoro mumapfupa akafanana epa pastern, muzasi nepakati-ne-phalanx iri pamusoro (pedyo). Mumunwe mukuru pane mafupa maviri ematera, mune imwe - matatu.

Zera zviitiko zvekugadzirisa: bone rebhanti

Zvinhu zvose zvinosanganiswa mumasaga echokumusoro, kunze kwechipiri, inodarika chibatanidza chechigamba, chikafu, chifupa.

• Edza. Nzvimbo yayo yepamusoro yekutsvaga yakaiswa mumwedzi wechipiri wekugadzira intrauterine. Kubva pano, mbambo uye muviri wechikamu unokura. Pakupera kwegore rokutanga rehupenyu mumumvuri wakagadzirirwa shanduro yekuzvimirira yakashambadzira yakaiswa, uye nemakore gumi nemasere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika 18 kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika masere kusvika Muna 15-19, mararoridi anogadziriswa nemapapapula.
• Clavicle. Kugadziriswa kwaro kunoitika nokukurumidza zvakakwana. Ichi chikamu chemasaga chinodarika imwe-inogadzirisa mhuka-gadziriro. Pavhiki 6 kusvika ku7. Mukati chibereko chinowanikwa pfungwa yekussification. Inowanikwa mukati mehutano hunoshandiswa. Kubva pane iyi shanduro kuumbwa kwemagumisiro e-acromial uye muviri we clavicle unoitika, iyo mitsva inenge inenge inenge yakazara nemapfupa emapfupa. Mune chikamu chekunze, goroti inoumbwa. Nheyo yekushambadzira inowanikwa mairi chete kusvika pamakore gumi nemasere kusvika 18 kusvika ku18, iyo inopesana nefupa mumakore makumi maviri nemashanu.
• Edza. Mu epiphysis proximal, zvikamu zvechipiri zvinotanga kuumbwa zvinoumbwa: mumakamuri makuru uye maduku kusvika ku5th, uye mumusoro, kazhinji pa1 gore remakore. Pazera remakore matatu kusvika kune manomwe. Iko kune fusion yavo, uye makore gumi nemakumi maviri nemaviri - kubatana nejairosi. Munharaunda yeparal epiphysis, nzvimbo yekussification inoumbwa kusvika kumakore mashanu ehupenyu, iyo lateral epicondyle - kusvika 4-6, iyo-medial - kusvika 4-11. Pakazosvika 13-21 gore zvikamu zvose zvinosanganiswa nehutachiona.

Mukati

• The ulna. Pamakore 7-14 mu epiphysis epxhysis the point ossification yaiswa. Inotanga nzira yehuta, umo mune chinyorwa chakaita sechinhu. Pakazosvika makore matatu nemasere kusvika masere ezere ossification nzvimbo dzinoumbwa mu distal epiphysis. Kukura, mapfupa emapfupa anoumba maitiro akafanana nemusoro uye musoro. Iko kusanganiswa nemuviri we epiphysis episipo kunowanikwa mugore rechi13-20, iyo distal epiphysis inoitika musi wa15-25.
• Radial Bone. Pakazosvika makore makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemashanu, nzvimbo yekussified mu epiphysis yakareba yakaiswa. Kunakidzwa nejaphysis kunoitika makore 13-25.

Kubudirira kwebushandi zvinhu

• Wrist. Mushure mokuberekwa kwechisimba chinotanga. Pamakore ekutanga uye wechipiri ehupenyu, pfungwa yekudzikisa mafomu mumapfupa akabatanidzwa akabatanidzwa uye akareba, pane chechitatu - mukutenderera, 4 - mumasimunari, 5 - mumhepo yepamusoro, 6-7 mu trapezoid, pa8 - Mune pea.
• Pastern. Kuiswa kwemafupa kuumba chikamu ichi kunopera mberi kupfuura munhare. Nzvimbo dzekusimba mumhepo dzakagadziriswa dzinoiswa nevhiki ye 9-10 yekugadzirwa kwemumikononi, kunze kweropa rekutanga. Mariri, nzvimbo yacho inoumbwa nemavhiki 10-11. Mune epiphyses, nzvimbo dzekushambadzira dzinoonekwa pakati pemwedzi gumi. Uye makore manomwe. Pakazosvika makore makumi mashanu nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi maviri nemanomwe kune fusion ye diaphysis uye musoro we metacarpal bone.
• Phalanges. Idzo pfungwa dzekusvibiswa kwemitumbi yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowanikwa nepakati pemwedzi wechipiri wekugadzirwa kwemumikononi, iyo inowedzera kune imwe yekutanga, uye yakadzika kusvika kumagumo emwedzi wechitatu. Mune phalangeal nzvimbo, nzvimbo dzinooneka pakati pemwedzi mitanhatu. Uye makore manomwe. Kuwedzera kwemuviri kunowanikwa mumakore 14-21.

Masepa emakumbo okumusoro ane chimiro chakakosha umo chimwe nechimwe chinotamba chikamu chayo.